Lowest Vigour Index Research Articles

Effects of different levels of gibberellic acid and potassium nitrate solutions on the emergence and seedling vigor of amaranth and Cleome gynandra

AbstractThe effects of gibberellic acid and potassium nitrate on seed emergence and seedling growth of amaranth and Cleome gynandra were investigated in the greenhouse at Marondera University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology. The study was laid out in a factorial layout within a completely randomized design replicated three times. Potassium nitrate (dry seeds, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7%, 0.8%, 0.9%, and 1%) and gibberellic acid (dry seeds, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, and 1000 parts per million) were used, respectively. A total of 100 seeds of both crops were planted in each plastic pocket. Seed emergence percentage and vigor index of amaranth and C. gynandra were evaluated. The effects were more pronounced in seeds treated with gibberellic acid than in potassium nitrate. Seed emergence and vigor index of amaranth and C. gynandra seeds treated with gibberellic acid showed a significant difference at p < 0.01, while potassium nitrate showed no significant difference at p > 0.05. The maximum seed emergence percentage of amaranth and C. gynandra was 67.1% and 64.8%, which was obtained in 2022 and 2021, while the lowest was 35.5% and 37.5%, which was obtained in 2021. The highest vigor index I of amaranth and C. gynandrawas 590.3 and 586.2, which was observed in 2022 and 2021, while the lowest vigor index I was 45.2 and 170, which was obtained in 2021 and 2022. The results obtained indicated that the application of gibberellic acid on seeds of amaranth and C. gynandra can alleviate seed dormancy.

Pathogenic potentiality of fungi associated with the seeds of different cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) varieties in Bangladesh

A total of 24 species of fungi, namely Aspergillus flavus Link, A. fumigatus Fresenius, A. niger (Type 1 and Type 2) Van Tiegh, A. ochraceus K. Wilhelm, A. nidulans Eidam, Aspergillus sp.1, Aspergillus sp.2, Aspergillus sp.3, Curvularia lunata (Wakker) Boedijn, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz & Sacc, C. gossypii Southw., Chaetomium globosum Kunze., Fusarium nivale (Fr.) Sorauer, F. moniliforme J. Shelden, F. oxysporum Schlechtendal, F. fujikuroi Nirenberg, Mucor sp. P. Micheli ex L., Penicillium sp.1 and sp.2 Link, Rhizoctonia solani Khun., Rhizopus stolonifer (Ehrenb.) Vuill., Rhizomucor sp. Lucet & Costantin, Syncephalastrum racemosum Cohn and Trichoderma viride Pers. were found to be associated with the seeds of 14 varieties (CB 1- CB 14) of cotton. Out of these 24 fungal species, nine were found to be pathogenic to cotton. They were Aspergillus flavus, A. niger (Type 1), Aspergillus sp. 1, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Curvularia lunata, Fusarium nivale, F. moniliforme, Mucor sp. and Rhizoctonia solani. These pathogenic fungi had remarkable effect on seed germination, vigor index, root-shoot length and mortality of cotton seedlings. The germination percentage of control seeds was 88 but because of the presence of pathogenic fungi the rate showed considerable reduction in all the varieties and it varied from 20 to 82%. Among the nine fungal isolates Rhizoctonia solani showed maximum reduction in seed germination. Aspergillus flavus, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Fusarium moniliforme also caused near about 50% reduction in seed germination. Mortality percentage of control seedling were also less (6) whereas, in inoculated seeds it was higher and varied from 7 - 23%. Root- shoot ratio of control seedlings was high but less in inoculated seedlings. The vigor index of control plant was high (1548.8) but less in inoculated plants. The lowest vigor index was noticed for Rhizoctonia solani (202.0) and highest for Aspergillus sp. 1(1213.6). Results indicated that Curvularia lunata and Rhizoctonia solani showed a greater impact in reduction of cotton seed germination and vigor index.
 Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 29(1): 107-115, 2020 (January)

The Effect of Priming on Germination and Growth Indices in Chamran Wheat Variety in North of Khuzestan Province, Iran

Abstract In order to study the plant growth regulator, using salicylic acid (SA) on germination and growth indices for laboratory research in crop year 2014-2015, which was conducted at the research center Safiabad-Dezful, Khuzestan province. The treatments included four levels of priming with salicylic acid {control (distilled water), 0.7, 1.2, 1.7 mM} in a completely randomized design in three replications. The results showed that the control treatment reduced the decrease in germination time. The highest percentage of germination and related characteristics of the control (distilled water) was obtained. Seed vigor and seedling vigor index were reduced in high concentrations of salicylic acid. The germination percentage of an average daily germination, seed vigor and seedling vigor index had a positive and significant correlation with the daily germination rate showed a significant negative correlation. The results of comparison of treatments showed that the treatment concentration of 0.7 mM salicylic acid highest (22.3 days) and control (distilled water) lowest (0.3 day) had mean germination time. Effects of priming showed the highest mean daily germination (15.44) related to the control and the lowest (2.97) related to the concentration of 7.1 mM salicylic acid. Also, the results showed that the 1.7 mM salicylic acid treatment had the highest number of germinated seeds per day (0.3880) and control treatment had the least number of germinated seeds per day (0.6467). The highest vigor index was observed in control treatment with seedling length of (8.15 cm) and the lowest vigor index was observed in 1.7 mM salicylic acid treatment with seedling length of (1.54 cm). The highest seedling vigor index was observed in control treatment (33.58) and the lowest seedling vigor index was observed in 1.7 mM salicylic acid treatment (17.20). The coefficient velocity germination rate in control treatment was highest (3) and in the 1.7 mM salicylic acid treatment was lowest (0.15). The correlation coefficient between vigor index and seedling vigor index has the highest value (98%). There was a positive correlation between germination percentage and mean daily germination and there was a negative correlation between germination percentage and daily germination speed.

Effect of treated tannery effluent and domestic waste water irrigation on Tagetes erecta

ABSTRACT : Tanning industry is generating enormous quantities of effluent every day. The scientific ways and means of utilizing this liquid waste is of utmost important in reducing pollution load to the environment. Present study has been carried out to apply treated tannery effluent (TTE) diluted with domestic waste water (DWW) as irrigation sources at different concentration of 25 per cent, 50 per cent, 75 per cent and 100 per cent on a non food crop Tagetes erecta. Results reveal that application of diluted mixture of TTE along with DWW can be used efficiently for crop production. Germination percentage of 73.13 per cent was recorded with 25 per cent of TTE and 75 per cent of DWW dilution as compared with 71.17 per cent in control. Different growth parameters showed variation with different level of diluted tannery waste water application. Highest root and shoot length was observed in control (11.08 cm and 10.70 cm) followed by 25 per cent effluent irrigation (11.22 cm and 10.47 cm). Different concentrations of tannery effluent were found to influence the vigour index significantly. The highest vigour index was observed at control (1601.1) followed by 25 per cent effluent concentration (1585.59). The lowest vigour index was observed in case of treatment receiving 100 per cent effluent concentration (173.48). Red soil with different concentration of treated tannery effluent with domestic waste water recorded good results as compared to the black cotton soil.

Customizing zinc oxide nanoparticles for extending seed vigour and viability in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill)

Tomato is one of the important vegetable crops being cultivated throughout India. Rapid deterioration of stored vegetable seeds is a serious problem which occurs at an increasing rate in uncontrolled storage environment. The present study was aimed at investigating the effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles (nano-ZnO) on tomato seeds during aging. The experimental treatments included four concentrations of nano sized ZnO (400, 600, 800, and 1000 mg/kg), and control (without any ZnO ) on fresh and aged seeds. Results indicated that the highest and the lowest vigour index (1986 vs. 1521) were obtained in 600mg concentration of nano sized ZnO and control treatments,, respectively in fresh seeds. During aging, vigour index was maintained significantly as 995 with 600mg nano sized ZnO treated seeds when compared with control (495). This study shows that employing ZnO nanoparticles could reduce tomato seed deterioration during aging and promote the seed germination.

TEF [Eragrostis TEF (ZUCC.) Trotter] Seed Quality Variation in East Gojjam Zone, Ethiopia

East Gojjam is one of the major tef seed growing areas of Ethiopia. The main themes of this study were to assess the physical, physiological and health quality of seed in Gozzamin and Enarji Enawga districts, Amhara Regional state, in 2009/2010 cropping season. Data were done by employing SAS (9.0) softwares to analyse the physical, physiological and health quality of seed samples. There was a significat difference in physical purity among seed samples. The analytical purity of the tef seed grown in all PAs was above the national standards for commercial seed. The most abundant seeds of other species in purity analysis were Vitgroe, Sitaria spp, Trampgrass samples which appeared in 31% (4), 23% (3) and 15% (2), respectively. The overall average mean germination percentage was 88.2% with the range of 76.6% to 93.0% and the highest value was recorded for seed obtained from Enarji Enawga F8 (93.0%) followed by F1 (92.3) from Gozzamin. The lowest vigor index 1 was recorded for F7 from Enarji Enawga because of short root length (199.99cm). The highest vigor index II was recorded for samples collected from ESE with 1.68mg mean because of higher seedling dry weight. There was a positive and highly significant correlation (r = 0.603**, p < 0.001) between germination percent and seedling emergence percent. These indicated that as the germination percent increased and seedling emergence percent also increased. Seed storage facilities at farmers are inferior to those at the Ethiopian Seed Enterprise but during shipments should therefore be timed so that seeds can be sown with the minimum delay after receipt. So, shipment of sensitive seeds by air is desirable. Other, wise in conclusion, to enhance tef productivity in east Gojjam zone through supply of improved varieties and quality seed it is important to integrate formal and farmer (informal) seed system.

Influence of Different Pre-sowing Treatments on Germination and Seedling Vigour of Guava (Psedium guajava L.) Seeds

The study aimed at investigating the effect of pre-sowing treatments on the germination and seedling vigour of Guava (Var. Allahabad Safeda) seeds. The pre- sowing treatments were made up cold and hot water soaking, manual scarification with sand paper, electronic scarification, different concentration of sulphuric acid, H2O2, CaOCl2 along with control. The treated and control seeds were placed for germination in top of the paper method. Twenty five days after sowing the result revealed that seeds soaked with CaOCl2 2% for 12 hrs. registered highest germination of 41 per cent followed by seed treated with H2SO4 200ml/kg for 15 minutes (40%). The control seeds gave only 10 per cent germination. Vigour index values shows significant differences among the treatments. The highest vigour index values of 119 were recorded in the seeds treated with H2SO4 200ml/kg for 10 minutes. The lowest vigour index value of 16 was recorded in control treatment. The results showed that treating the seeds with CaOCl2 2% for 12 hrs (or) treated with H2SO4 200ml/kg for 10 (or) 15 minutes was the most effective pre-sowing treatment for the germination and seedling vigour of Guava seeds.

Effect of Seed Treatment on Seedling Health of Chili

Effect of seed treatment on seedling health of chili (BARI Morich 1) was studied at Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh, Bangladesh. BAU Bio-fungicide (3% of seed weight), chitosan (1% solution), thiovit (0.3% of seed weight), compressed moist heat (54ºC for 15 minutes), neem leaf extract (1:1 w/v), garlic clove extract (1:3 w/v), ginger extract (1:2 w/v) and allamonda leaf extract (1:1 w/v) were employed as seed treating agents. The treated seeds were placed on moistened blotter paper. Data were recorded on percent germination, production of percent healthy seedling and seedling vigour of chili. The results of seed health testing showed that, five different seed borne fungi viz. Colletotrichum capsici, Curvularia lunata, Rhizopus stolonifer, Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium moniliforme were found to be associated with the tested chili seed samples. Among these fungi, Curvularia lunata was the most prevalent one which was followed by Rhizopus stolonifer, Colletotrichum capsici, Fusarium moniliforme and Aspergillus flavus. All the seed treating agents were found to be effective compared to control in controlling seed borne fungi for the blotter method. The highest percentage of germination (93.33%) was recorded when the seeds of BARI Morich 1 were treated with BAU Bio-fungicide, whereas the lowest percentage of germination (61.33%) was recorded in case of untreated seeds. The highest percentage of healthy seedling (95.33%) was recorded when the seeds were treated with BAU Bio-fungicide and allamonda leaf extracts, whereas the lowest percentage of healthy seedling (59.00%) was recorded in case of untreated seeds. The highest vigour index (681.59) was recorded when the seeds were treated with neem leaf extracts, whereas the lowest vigour index (214.66) was recorded in case of untreated seeds.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v7i1.22167 J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 7(1): 177-181 2014

Influence of Seed Dormancy, Viability and Different Pre-Sowing treatments on Germination and Seedling Vigour of Bauhinia Purpurea Linn.

The study aimed at investigating the seed dormancy, viability and effect of pre-sowing treatments on the germination and seedling vigour of Bauhunia purpurea seeds. The pre- sowing treatments were made up hot water treatment, electronic scarification, different concentration of Sulphuric acid, H2O2, KNO3, CaOCl2, Thoiurea along with control. Viability test were conducted after pre-sowing treatment along with control. The treated and control seeds were placed for germination in sand media. Results on viability test revealed that there was no significant difference on viability (96.60-97.70%) between the treatments tried. An twenty one days after sowing the result revealed that seeds soaked with hot water at 80oC for 10 minutes registered highest germination of 81 per cent followed by seed treated with CaOCl2 2% for 12 hrs (78%) and H2SO4 200ml/kg for 25 minutes (78%). The control seeds gave only 48 per cent germination. Vigour index values shows significant differences among the treatments. The highest vigour index values of 925 were recorded in the seeds soaked in hot water 80oC for 15 minutes. The lowest vigour index value of 384 was recorded in control treatment. The results showed that hot water soaking was the most effective, cheapest and environmentally safe pre-sowing treatment for the germination and seedling vigour of Bauhunia purpurea seeds.

Pengaruh Seed Coating dengan Fungisida Benomil dan Tepung Curcuma terhadap Patogen Antraknosa Terbawa Benih dan Viabilitas Benih Cabai Besar (Capsicum annuum L.)

The objective of this research was to study the effect of seed coating using Benomil and curcuma powder on seedborne diseases of antrachnose and seed viability of Capsicum annuum L.. This research was conducted in Laboratory of Plant Mycology and Laboratory of Seed Science and Technology IPB, from June to July 2006. This research consisted of three experiments, i.e.: (1) the effectiveness of seed coating in decreasing infection level of antrachnose fungus in the seed of chilli, (2) the effect of seed coating on seed viability, (3) the effect of seed coating in reducing infection level of antracnose at hypocotyl of chilli. The Experiment 1 and 3 used Randomized Complete Design and the experiment 2 used Randomized Complete Block Design. The result of this research showed that seed coating with Benomil and curcuma powder significantly decreased the infection level of antrachnose fungus on seed and hypocotyl (Benomil 2.5 g/l and curcuma powder 1 g/l). However, seed coating with curcuma 1 g/l had the lowest vigour index, seedling growth rate and seed germination (3%, 2.26%, 23%). Seedcoating with Benomil 2.5 g/l and curcuma powder did not significantly affect the maximum growth potential, seed germination, and vigour index. However, Benomil significantly decreased the seedling growth rate. Key wods : chilli, seed coating, antrachnose, curcuma, benomil, viability