Low Average Surface Roughness Research Articles

A major functional role of synovial fluid is to reduce the rate of cartilage fatigue failure under cyclical compressive loading

ObjectiveBased on our recent study, which showed that cartilage fatigue failure in reciprocating sliding contact results from cyclical compressive forces, not from cyclical frictional forces, we hypothesize that a major functional role for synovial fluid (SF) is to reduce the rate of articular cartilage fatigue failure from cyclical compressive loading. DesignThe rate of cartilage fatigue failure due to repetitive compressive loading was measured by sliding a glass lens against an immature bovine cartilage tibial plateau strip immersed in mature bovine SF, phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), or SF/PBS dilutions (50% SF and 25% SF; n=8 for all four bath conditions). After 24 hours of reciprocating sliding (5,400 cycles), samples were visually assessed and if damage was observed, the test was terminated; otherwise, testing was continued for 72 hours (16,200 cycles), with solution refreshed daily. ResultsAll eight samples in the PBS group exhibited physical damage after 24 hours, with an average final surface roughness of Rq=0.210±0.067 mm. The SF group showed no damage after 24 hours; however, two of eight samples became damaged after 72 hours, producing a significantly lower average surface roughness than the PBS group (Rq=0.059±0.030 mm; p<10−4). For the remaining groups, at 72 hours one of eight samples damaged in the 50% SF group, and five of eight samples damaged in the 25% SF group. ConclusionsThe results strongly support our hypothesis, showing that decreased amounts of SF in the testing bath produces increased rates of fatigue failure in cartilage that was subjected to reciprocating sliding contact.

Fabrication of Large-Area Silicon Spherical Microlens Arrays by Thermal Reflow and ICP Etching.

In this paper, we proposed an efficient and high-precision process for fabricating large-area microlens arrays using thermal reflow combined with ICP etching. When the temperature rises above the glass transition temperature, the polymer cylinder will reflow into a smooth hemisphere due to the surface tension effect. The dimensional differences generated after reflow can be corrected using etching selectivity in the following ICP etching process, which transfers the microstructure on the photoresist to the substrate. The volume variation before and after reflow, as well as the effect of etching selectivity using process parameters, such as RF power and gas flow, were explored. Due to the surface tension effect and the simultaneous molding of all microlens units, machining a 3.84 × 3.84 mm2 silicon microlens array required only 3 min of reflow and 15 min of ICP etching with an extremely low average surface roughness Sa of 1.2 nm.

Laser Polishing of Polymer Parts Produced with Material Jetting Technology: Effect of Laser Scan Speed, Overlapping and Loop Cycles

In the last year, the industrial production is characterized by the request of high level of product variety that generates a decrease of production volume changing manufacturing from mass production to mass customization. This trend let the conventional production processes, as forming, casting or moulding, expensive because of initial tools production cost that is not more amortized by the high-volume production. A solution to this scenario is to integrate Additive Manufacturing in tools production; this solution guarantees tools cost reduction also if post processes operations are needful to reduce the surface roughness produced by additive processes. Among additive processes, Material Jetting is able produce parts with guaranteed high accuracy and low average surface roughness (0.5 µm). However, these standards mainly refer to upfacing surfaces parallel to the print plate, and the roughness obtained on the other surfaces could increase up to 15 µm because of production mechanism. To improve parts roughness in this study, the laser polishing process was tested; different experimental tests were executed to investigate the effects of scan speed, overlapping and loop cycles. The results demonstrated that it is possible to improve the surface finish and reduce the roughness by 70% at the expense of dimensional accuracy.

Pengaruh Variasi Kecepatan Putaran Spindle dan Kedalaman Pemakanan Terhadap Kekasaran Permukaan Alumunium ADC12 pada Mesin Bubut CNC Okuma L150T

In the rapidly growing manufacturing industry, especially in the field of machining, the use of computer systems has become increasingly prevalent. Consumer demands for precise workpieces with consistent quality, quick completion, and large quantities can be more easily achieved using CNC (Computer Numerical Control) machine tools compared to conventional machine tools. To determine the influence of spindle rotational speed and feed depth variation on the surface roughness of ADC12 aluminum in the Okuma L150T CNC lathe, an experimental study was conducted. Aluminum ADC12 specimens were used, and variations in spindle rotational speed and feed depth were tested for surface roughness using a Mitutoyo SJ-210 surface roughness tester. The obtained data were then analyzed and discussed based on statistical correlation and hypothesis testing. From the results of this study, the following conclusions can be drawn: (1) There is an influence of spindle rotational speed variation. At speeds of 900 rpm, 1500 rpm, and 2100 rpm, the average surface roughness levels of the workpiece were 7.45 μm, 6.35 μm, and 5.23 μm, respectively. Therefore, higher spindle rotational speeds result in lower surface roughness of the workpiece. (2) There is an influence of feed depth variation. At depths of 0.25 mm, 0.50 mm, and 0.75 mm, the average surface roughness levels of the workpiece were 5.23 μm, 6.32 μm, and 7.42 μm, respectively. Thus, deeper feed depths lead to higher surface roughness of the workpiece. (3) The combination of feed depth variation and spindle rotational speed that resulted in the workpiece with the lowest average surface roughness was achieved at a feed depth of 0.25 mm and spindle rotational speed of 2100, which amounted to 5.23 μm.

Comparative analysis of tool wear in micro-milling of wrought and selective laser melted Ti6Al4V

The parts produced by additive manufacturing (AM) are not usually appropriate for direct applications and require several post-processing operations. Micro-milling, as a most common post-processing operation in micromachining, is performed considering selective laser melted (SLM) Ti6Al4V as the workpiece under dry condition. The experiments are conducted considering a constant cutting speed and axial depth using a TiAlSiN-coated tungsten carbide end mill of Ø300 μm. It employs two different feed rates considering the size effect imposed by the edge radius of the micro end mill. The micro-milling performances for the SLM Ti6Al4V are compared with the performance for wrought Ti6Al4V. The outcomes, such as tool wear and surface characteristics, are examined for both the materials. Equiaxed grains, exhibiting higher ductile nature of wrought Ti6Al4V, produces adhesive tool wear, BUE formation and poor surface topography at both feed rates. Alternatively, the lamella microstructure of SLM Ti6Al4V, exhibiting relatively high hardness, produces less adhesive tool wear and BUE formation; instead, it generates more abrasion of the tool and hence increases the surface roughness. Quantitatively, the cutting-edge radius enlarges by 18–37% and 10–34% for wrought and SLM Ti6Al4V, respectively. Moreover, the SLM Ti6Al4V shows an 8–10.6% lower average surface roughness value than wrought Ti6Al4V.

Synthesis of Al Thin Films with High Optical Transmittance by DC Magnetron Sputtering Process Parameter Optimization

Nanostructured Al thin film with higher optical transmittance and electrical conductivity has intensive applications in solar cells and optical and microelectronic devices. This experimental-based research study has optimized the DC magnetron sputtering deposition parameters (sputtering power, sputtering current, voltage, and working gas pressure) for Al thin film deposition to obtain the highest optical transmittance and lower sheet resistance. Optical transmittance, surface roughness, film thickness, sheet resistance, grain size, and surface morphology were characterized using UV-vis-NIR spectroscopy, surface profiler, spectroscopic ellipsometry, four-point probe, and FE-SEM, respectively to determine the effects of sputtering process parameters on Al films’ different properties. Experimental investigations reveal that electrical conductivity, surface roughness, grain size, and deposition rate increase with increasing of sputtering power at certain working gas pressure. At the optimized condition (sputtering power 80 W, working gas pressure 5 mTorr, deposition time 5 min and ambient temperature), the relatively higher optical transmittance in visible region 96%, moderate sheet resistance 0.196 ohm/square and lowest average surface roughness 2.86 nm were obtained for Al thin film. After all, this research study will help to understand the best Al film deposition parameters in terms of optical transmittance and electrical conductivity for future research and industrial applications.

Synthesis, characterization of CeO2@ZIF-8 composite abrasives and their chemical mechanical polishing behavior on glass substrate

As a kind of abrasive, cerium oxide (CeO2) abrasive provides the most key support for glass planarization, whose material removal rate (MRR) is related to the concentration of Ce3+ in the CeO2 surface. Herein, a series of composite abrasives named zeolite imidazolium cerium oxide (CeO2@ZIF-8) were prepared to increase the concentration of Ce3+ by growing different amounts of zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF-8) material on the cerium oxide particles, and their polishing properties on glass substrates were evaluated. When the content of ZIF-8 in the CeO2@ZIF-8 composite abrasive is 1.95 wt%, the MRR using this abrasive can reach up to 22.2 μm/h, which is 28% higher than that of pure ceria abrasive, while a lower average surface roughness (Sa, arithmetic mean height) of 1.23 nm can be obtained. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results revealed an increase in the concentration of Ce3+ ions in the CeO2@ZIF-8 composite abrasive surface. The contact angle tests indicated that the slurries containing CeO2@ZIF-8 abrasives had superior wettability on glass substrate. Therefore, under the synergy of the two aspects, the chemical reaction process between CeO2@ZIF-8 composite abrasives and the glass substrate is remarkably promoted, resulting in outstanding polishing performance. We believe this work adds valuable insights regarding glass CMP by using CeO2@ZIF-8 as abrasives.

Investigating the effect of different tool electrodes in electric discharge drilling of Waspaloy on process responses

Despite the wide application of electric discharge machining in the fabrication of holes in difficult-to-cut materials, the process's performance and accuracy are governed by the choice of an appropriate tool material and process parameters. Moreover, the process becomes less productive due to unstable machining and inadequate debris flushing while drilling high aspect ration holes, resulting in a low material removal rate (MRR) and high average surface roughness (Ra). Further, the holes' accuracy deteriorates due to a high tool wear rate (TWR). To overcome these issues, a rotary tool electrode setup is proposed for the drilling of Waspaloy. The influence of three different tool materials, viz. copper, brass, and graphite, along with various process parameters, was studied on the process performance. The electrical discharge drilling (EDD) operation was performed by varying the input process parameters, viz. current (I), pulse-on-time (TON), pulse-off-time (TOFF), tool electrode speed (TES), and voltage (V), using copper, brass, and graphite tool electrodes. The influence of machining conditions was investigated on response variables, namely, Ra, TWR, and MRR. Taguchi-based L16 orthogonal array was used to design the experiments, and results were analysed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). An improvement in the performance of rotary EDD was observed due to proper flushing, efficient debris evacuation, and steady machining condition. The current was found to be the most significant electrical parameter. The graphite tool electrode had shown the highest MRR of 32.056 mm3/min at 25 A current which was 13.09% and 131.32% higher than that of the copper and brass tool electrodes, respectively. However, the graphite tool resulted in a poor surface quality, and a high energy transfer coefficient, indicating the highest Ra value of 8.385 μm. The brass tool electrode, owing to a lower thermal conductivity and melting point, caused a higher TWR than the copper and graphite tools. Finally, the microscopic images for drilled holes with different electrodes at various energy settings were captured using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and compared for surface quality. In addition, the surface elemental analysis was performed using Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis (EDX) to investigate material migration from the tool electrodes to hole's side walls.

The microstructure and cavitation erosion resistance of Ti6Al4V alloy treated by laser gas nitriding with scanning galvanometer

In this study, the nitrided layer was prepared on Ti6Al4V alloy by laser gas nitriding using the scanning galvanometer (G-LGN). Its typical features were investigated in comparison to that using the diode laser with robot (D-LGN) under the same energy density and treated area. In order to reveal the connections between the cavitation resistance (CE) and characteristics of the nitrided layer, the samples were characterized by OM, SEM, XRD, XPS, laser scanning microscopy, and microhardness tester. Due to using the scanner, the G-LGN method is given a smaller laser spot size (micrometer scale), higher scanning speed, and remelting brought by successive overlapping during processing. Those cause it different from the D-LGN method in the microstructure and CE resistance of the nitrided layer. The results show that the G-LGN sample has a more uniform surface with a lower average surface roughness (Sa = 3.043 μm) compared with the D-LGN sample. Moreover, the TiN dendrites with smaller sizes and an amount of TiN0.3 phase are formed in its nitrided layer. It is interesting that the TiN0.3 phases in the G-LGN sample result in a lower surface hardness (about 700–800 HV) with respect to the D-LGN sample, but a more uniform hardness distribution through the depth direction can be detected. According to the results of the CE test, the G-LGN sample exhibits the lowest cumulative mass loss and mean erosion rate during the whole erosion time in comparison to the substrate and D-LGN sample, suggesting the best CE resistance. Therefore, the G-LGN method will provide competitive advantages over the D-LGN method for the CE protection of the titanium components owing to the improvement in the quality and performance of the nitrided layer as well as the superiority of the scanning galvanometer.

Exploration and tuning of Al2O3/Mo composite for enhancement of anti-corrosion and tribological characteristics in zinc phosphate conversion coatings

Recently, phosphate conversion coatings have been modified by transition/non-transition metal oxide with distinguished characteristic features such as corrosion resistance, wear resistance, lubrication and adhesion. The present paper explores the development of Al2O3/Mo composite incorporated zinc phosphate coatings on galvanized steel for achieving higher corrosion-resistant characteristics with an added advantage of tribological performance. Incorporation of Mo leads to the phase transformation from γ to α-Al2O3, which ensures the subsequent crystallization of alumina particles by the anisotropic grain growth of Mo content. Particle size, elemental composition and morphology of the Al2O3/Mo composite are tuned for retaining the stable crystalline alpha phase of the composite. The optimum concentration of the tuned content of Al2O3/Mo composite in the phosphating solution can effectively perform as an active nucleating source for the establishment of more compact, homogeneous and dense zinc phosphate crystal growth and coverage in the galvanized steel surface by significantly reducing the activation energy during the phosphating process. The resultant composite phosphate coating ensures the formation of a large quantity of crystalline hopeite rich phase compared to other coatings, which effectively acts as an insulator during the electrochemical reaction by imparting a corrosion-resistant barrier between the substrate and corrosive media. Uniform distribution of composite particles at the grain boundaries and at the bulk grain composition is also achieved. Lower average surface roughness (Sa), root mean square surface roughness (Sq), maximum height (St), surface skewness (Ssk) and higher surface kurtosis (Sku) values are acquired for better anti-corrosion properties with excellent tribological performance. The higher Rp and Rct values with lower Cdl and corrosion rate values of the tuned composition of Al2O3/Mo composite based zinc phosphate coating confirms the better porosity and thereby enhances the corrosion-resistant performance due to the sealing action of the composite.

Adhesion improvement of ABS resin by MnO2-H3PO4-H2SO4 colloid with ultrasound-assisted etching treatment

The adhesion strength between electroless copper and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) resin could be improved significantly by MnO2-H3PO4-H2SO4 colloid system. In this paper, when the concentrations of H3PO4 and H2SO4 in the colloid were 4.2 and 10.4 M, respectively, the effect of the ultrasound-assisted etching (UAE) time on the etching performance of ABS resin were investigated. With the UAE for 10 min, much more uniform cavities formed on the ABS surface, the average surface roughness (Ra ) decreased from 143 to 107 nm, which was much lower than etched by CrO3-H2SO4 colloid (420 nm). Though the average surface roughness (Ra ) was decreased, the average adhesion strength between the electroless copper film and ABS substrate increased from 1.39 to 1.60 kN m−1, which was also higher than chromic acid etching treatment (1.42 kN m−1). The density of the hydrophilic groups and the uniformity of cavities on the ABS surface were increased with the UAE, which resulted in high adhesion strength and low average surface roughness.

Influence of Infill Patterns Generated by CAD and FDM 3D Printer on Surface Roughness and Tensile Strength Properties

Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is a capable technology based on a wide range of parameters. The goal of this study is to make a comparison between infill pattern and infill density generated by computer-aided design (CAD) and FDM. Grid, triangle, zigzag, and concentric patterns with various densities following the same structure of the FDM machine were designed by CAD software (CATIA V5®). Polylactic acid (PLA) material was assigned for both procedures. Surface roughness (SR) and tensile strength analysis were conducted to examine their effects on dog-bone samples. Also, a finite element analysis (FEA) was done on CAD specimens to find out the differences between printing and simulation processes. Results illustrated that CAD specimens had a better surface texture compared to the FDM machine while tensile tests showed patterns generated by FDM were stronger in terms of strength and stiffness. In this study, samples with concentric patterns had the lowest average SR (Ra) while zigzag was the worst with the value of 6.27 µm. Also, the highest strength was obtained for concentric and grid samples in both CAD and FDM procedures. These techniques can be useful in producing highly complex sandwich structures, bone scaffolds, and various combined patterns to achieve an optimal condition.

Depth of Penetration and Surface Roughness Analysis of Al6061 cut by Abrasive Water Jet

In this study, model equations to predict average surface roughness value of abrasive water jet cut aluminium 6061 alloy are developed. Model equations are developed considering water jet pressure, abrasive flow rate and traverse speed of the jet. Model equations help in knowing average surface roughness value on the cutting and deformation wear regions. 27 abrasive water jet cutting experiments are conducted on trapezoidal shaped aluminium 6061 block. Depth of penetration values are found for all experimental cutting conditions. Average surface roughness values are found by non-contact surface roughness tester. Surface roughness testing is carried out along the length of depth of penetration. Low and high average surface roughness values are noticed on the cutting and deformation wear regions respectively. Smooth surface finish and rough surface finish with striations are observed on the cutting and deformation wear regions respectively.

Burnishing of ultra high molecular weight poly ethylene

Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) has been a choice for knee and hip implants since a very long time due to its outstanding tribological properties. UHMWPE has many applications other than biomedical implants like hydrodynamic bearings and marine applications. The main objective of this research work is to enhance the surface properties of UHMWPE and eventually increase its life expectancy for the implants. For this purpose, the UHMWPE sheet has been milled to give it a required shape and then ball burnished with a carbide ball of 6 mm diameter under two different environments viz. room and cryogenic with three different burnishing strategic patterns. A constant load of 150 N is maintained by the tool on UHMWPE sample with a burnishing feed of 4000 mm/min along with a step over a distance of 0.06 mm after every pass for three different carefully chosen burnishing patterns. To understand the wear behaviour of the material, wear test has been performed on reciprocating wear testing machine with a stainless-steel ball as a pin for 6500 cycles in the medium of Hank’s balanced salt solution (HBSS) as a lubricating agent and to maintain the pH value which is same as in the human body. The lowest average surface roughness (Ra = 0.52 µm) is reported for the second strategy pattern which gets burnished under the cryogenic environment. This sample also exhibited better wear resistance than other samples burnished under different environments and using different strategic patterns.

Fast responsive thermally stable silica microspheres for sensing evaluation: sol–gel approach

Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) micelle-templated mesoporous SiO2 particles (MSPs) are synthesized by sol–gel method. The CTAB templated SiO2 particles (SPs) possessed spherical structure with low average surface roughness (Ra) 1 nm. The CTAB template is effectively removed from SPs by 400 °C heat treatment without any cracks and disruption of the bonding between the functional groups and the SiO2 surface. After CTAB template removal, SiO2 microspheres (SMSs) possessed high surface area 640 m2/g, pore radius 10 nm, and Ra ~ 4.4 nm, making them highly attractive for sensing. Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) confirmed that SMSs are thermally stable, showing 0.7% weight loss after 429 °C temperature. Phenol red immobilized SMSs show large pKa value 8.1 at 560 nm. Good repeatability, no leaching traces, and fast response time ~0.09 s in basic media suggested that proposed material has potential for opto-chemical sensing/photonic applications.

Experimental investigation on CO2 laser-assisted micro-slot milling characteristics of borosilicate glass

Demands for micro-machining on glass have been increasing in various industries due to the unique properties of glass, such as transparency or biocompatibility. However, micro-channel fabrication on glass with high precision has been challenging due to its brittle characteristics. This research presents the CO2 laser-assisted micro-milling process and investigates the machining characteristics experimentally. Micro-channels without cracks were fabricated using micro-end mill and CO2 laser irradiation as an assisting heat source. Compared to the process without laser heating in the same matching conditions, the average surface roughness was reduced by 96%, and cutting force was reduced by 28% and 66% for the feed and thrust direction, respectively. Continuous and sheared chips were observed with laser heating, indicating the process is in ductile-regime machining. Through the investigation of machining parameters, it was found that micro-channels with low average surface roughness can be achieved at the proper laser power when the workpiece is heated up to the strain point at tool position, at low feed rate, and at high axial depth of cut, as long as the tool withstands the cutting forces. Consequently, it can be concluded that it is possible to increase the material removal rate in micro-milling of borosilicate glass with high quality by using the CO2 laser, which was found to be an effective and suitable heating method.

Investigation of machining parameters that affects surface roughness and cutting forces in milling of CFRPs with TiAlN and TiN coated carbide cutting tools

In this research, carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CRFP) samples were milled at different cutting speeds and feed-rates. Milling of CFRP samples was performed using carbide cutting tools with TiAlN and TiN coatings which were deposited with physical vapor deposition (PVD) method. The effect of milling parameters on the surface roughness of the machined samples and resulting cutting forces was evaluated. The lowest average surface roughness was obtained with TiAlN coated cutting tools at 300 m min−1 cutting speed and 0.05 mm/tooth feed-rate. The highest average surface roughness was obtained with TiN coated cutting tool at 100 m min−1 cutting speed and 0.25 mm/tooth feed-rate. The lowest cutting force was obtained with TiAlN coated cutting tools at 300 m min−1 cutting speed and 0.05 mm/tooth feed-rate. The highest cutting force was obtained with TiN coated cutting tools at 100 m min−1 cutting speed and 0.25 mm/tooth feed-rate. Throughout the conducted tests, cutting tools with TiAlN coating were found to show superior machining performance over the others at different surface roughness and feed-rate machining parameters.

Comparison of lapping performance between fixed agglomerated diamond pad and fixed single crystal diamond pad

The ability for self-conditioning is the most important characteristic of hydrophilic Fixed Abrasive (FA) pads using in lapping. The failure mode of diamond abrasives embedded in a FA pad greatly impacts its self-conditioning process. In this investigation, three types of FA pads were prepared. One was embedded with W50 single crystal diamond (SCD) abrasives, one was embedded with W10 SCD abrasives, and the other was embedded with agglomerated diamond (AD) abrasives. The lapping performance was tested on fused quartz workpieces. The pad wear mechanisms and the wear debris of the three pads was evaluated using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The FA pad embedded with AD exhibited a higher material removal rate and a lower arithmetic average surface roughness (Ra) of the lapped quartz than those embedded with SCD. Pad loading and flattening of the of abrasive grit are the main factors causing the failure of FA pad with SCD. Compared with FA pads with SCD, the rough surfaces of AD grains improves the holding force of pad matrix to them, which in turn leads to a more stable cutting depth of abrasive grain. Size analysis of the debris suggests that AD grains are inclined to micro-fracture rather than to wear flat or pull out. The micro-fracture phenomenon of AD in FA lapping process improves the material removal rate and lowers the average surface roughness of lapped work-pieces. The adoption of AD grains was concluded to be important in improving the self-conditioning performance of FA pads.

An experimental investigation of surface integrity in selective laser melting of Inconel 625

Inconel 625 is a Ni-based superalloy widely used in nuclear and aerospace applications because of its high strength and corrosion resistance. The current paper investigates selective laser melting of Inconel 625 using a wide range of process parameters: four laser powers, five scan speeds, and three hatch spacings. Cube coupons are produced and their end properties are measured, specifically, relative density, surface roughness, microhardness, and surface residual stresses. Process maps are constructed to correlate processing parameters to the part surface integrity, and the possible underlying causes are highlighted. Experimental results show that highly dense parts can be produced using selective laser melting and low average surface roughness can be obtained in both the scan and hatch directions. Hatch spacing is the most prominent factor to attain relative densities above 99% while high laser powers are key to lower the average surface roughness. Microhardness and microstructure examination are done for a subset of the process parameters and found to not significantly change with laser power. Surface residual stresses are measured on the top surface in the scan and hatch directions and process maps are developed. There is no particular parameter that solely affects surface residual stresses, despite several cases where the increase in laser power reduced the surface residual stresses. 90% of measurements showed surface tensile residual stresses except for a few cases that resulted in surface compressive residual stress.

Optimizing production in machining of hardened steels using response surface methodology

This paper presents the modeling of tool life and surface roughness for machining AISI 52100 steel with a hardness of 50 HRC through Design of Experiments and Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with a view to enhance the quality and productivity. Knowing that the tool life and surface roughness are factors that influence the quality of the product, this study used the statistical tool of RSM in the search of factors that better determine optimal models. The models obtained prioritize the product quality and the cutting productivity. Results from Analysis of Variance demonstrated that the mathematical models elaborated allowed the prediction of surface roughness parameters’ values and tool life (T) with a precision of 95% confidence interval and a coefficient of determination above 94%. The wiper geometry of the tool led to the achievement of low average surface roughness (Ra) ranging from 0.2 to 0.4 µm with relatively high advances (0.2-0.4 mm rev -1 ) and maximum height of the profile surface roughness (Rt) in the range of 1.4 to 2.8 µm, without making use of the cutting fluid.