Low Activation Energy Research Articles

Activating d10 electronic configuration to regulate p-band centers as efficient active sites for solar energy conversion into H2 by surface atomic arrangement

Relationship between the activity for photocatalytic H2O overall splitting (HOS) and the electron occupancy on d orbits of the active component in photocatalysts shows volcanic diagram, and specially the d10 electronic configuration in valley bottom exhibits inert activity, which seriously fetters the development of catalytic materials with great potentials. Herein, In d10 electronic configuration of In2O3 was activated by phosphorus atoms replacing its lattice oxygen to regulate the collocation of the ascended In 5p-band (In ɛ5p) and descended O 2p-band (O ɛ2p) centers as efficient active sites for chemisorption to *OH and *H during forward HOS, respectively, along with a declined In 4d-band center (In ɛ4d) to inhibit its backward reaction. A stable STH efficiency of 2.23% under AM 1.5 G irradiation at 65 °C has been obtained over the activated d10 electronic configuration with a lowered activation energy for H2 evolution, verified by femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy, in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy and theoretical calculations of dynamics. These findings devote to activating d10 electronic configuration for resolving the reaction energy barrier and dynamical bottleneck of forward HOS, which expands the exploration of high-efficiency catalytic materials.

Synthesis of reaction promoters for epoxy polymerization: Enhancing storage stability and mechanical properties of one‐pot epoxy systems

AbstractOne‐pot epoxy formulations, containing uncured resin, curing agent, and promoter, require the promoter to be insoluble in the resin at room temperature to prevent premature polymerization. Here, we introduce three novel reaction promoters synthesized by reacting amino propyl imidazole (API) and various diisocyanates such as HMDI, IPDI, or MDI. We evaluate the impact of these promoters on the physical properties, storage stability, and curing kinetics of the resulting epoxy formulations. The results of the kinetic study showed that the compositions containing each synthesized promoter acted as reaction promoters, as evidenced by the lower activation energy in the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) experiment. The results of the mechanical properties showed that HMDI‐API promoter improved both tensile and flexural strength, while exhibiting high storage stability. The findings provide valuable insights for selecting suitable promoters for specific applications in one‐pot epoxy systems.

Kinetic Study of NaF Gas Formation During Mold Flux Melting Based on Different Fluorides by Experimental and Computational Methods

Low‐basicity fluorine‐containing mold flux, which forms a porous slag film with NaF pores, is expected to solve the contradiction between heat transfer and lubrication in the continuous casting of peritectic steel. Herein, the kinetic mechanism and the influence of NaF gas formation based on the different fluorine raw materials (NaF, CaF2, and Na3AlF6) at 0.9 basicity and 6 wt% fluorine are investigated by the combination of experiments and calculations. The results show that CaF2 is the first to generate NaF gas at 1189 K, followed by Na3AlF6 (1238 K) and NaF (1328 K). NaF raw material produces the most NaF gas with the lowest activation energy in the three raw materials, due to high Na ion kinetic energy, the simple degree of polymerization, and Na‐F1 bonds. Correspondingly, NaF bubbles in the molten slag are the largest based on their aggregation. Na3AlF6 and CaF2 raw materials rank second and third, with F atoms primarily bonded as Al‐Fx and Ca‐Fx and the higher proportion of and structure. Notably, at 0.9 basicity and 6 wt% fluorine, Na3AlF6 as raw material generates a suitable amount of gas, making diffuse and fine NaF bubbles in the molten slag.

Improving In Situ Combustion for Heavy Oil Recovery: Thermal Behavior and Reaction Kinetics of Mn(acac)3 and Mn-TO Catalysts

In this research work, the catalytic performances of two manganese-based catalysts, manganese (III) acetylacetonate (Mn(acac)3) and manganese tallate (Mn-TO), were studied during the process of Ashalcha heavy oil oxidation under in situ combustion conditions. DSC analysis shows distinct thermal behavior of both ligated catalysts during low- and high-temperature oxidation phases (LTO and HTO); for example, the shifting in peak temperature (Tp) in the HTO at a heating rate of 10 °C/min was reduced by approximately 5.3% for Mn-TO and 2.24% for Mn(acac)3 when compared with uncatalyzed heavy oil. Combined isothermal kinetic analyses using the Friedman and Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose analytic methods have provided insights about activation energies and frequency factors over the whole conversion range, where the catalytic performance of Mn-TO showed low activation energies in both LTO and HTO (Eα of Mn-TO was approximately 13.33% (LTO) and 7.68% (HTO) less than with the heavy oil alone). In addition, calculations of the effective rate constant confirmed the increased oxidation rate trend of both catalysts, with Mn-TO exhibiting the highest values. The findings highlight the potential of these manganese-based catalysts, the Mn-TO catalyst in particular, in optimizing heavy oil oxidation processes. The overall results further contribute to developing more efficient ligand catalyst complexes for sustainable heavy oil recovery while continuously improving their efficient application during in situ combustion in the petroleum industry.

I-/I3 - Conversion-Activated and Stabilized Bipedal-Redox Bis(dimethylthiocarbamyl) Sulfide Cathode for High-Performance Zinc-Organosulfide Batteries.

Organosulfides are considered promising cathode materials for zinc batteries due to their merits of high-density active sites and multielectron reactions, but often suffer from sluggish kinetics and limited electrochemical stability. Here organic iodide-catalyzed is reported and stabilized multielectron-redox bis(dimethylthiocarbamyl) sulfide (BS) cathode for superior zinc-organosulfide batteries. Activated by 2e- I-/I3 - conversion in 1-methyl-3-propylimidazolium iodide (MPII)-modulated electrolyte, the electron-deficient structure of BS can stretch the electron cloud of two adjacent C═S bonds to form bipedal C─S bonds, affording high-kinetics and stable 2e- Zn─S storage electrochemistry. This allows high accessibility of zincophilic dual C=S sites with a low activation energy, and stabilizes BS to fulfil anti-dissolution in electrolyte. Consequently, Zn||BS battery with 4e- conversion-coordination harvests high-rate capacities (452mAhg-1 at 1Ag-1; 255mAhg-1 at 10Ag-1), high energy density (312Whkg-1) and ultralong life (30000 cycles), becoming the state-of-the-art zinc batteries in all-round metrics. This work constitutes a significant advance in developing high-redox-activity organosulfide materials and stand for a good starting point for advanced zinc batteries.

Rapid-annealed FeSiBPCu nanocrystalline alloy with high Bs approaching 1.9 T and good bendability

To promote energy savings, high efficiency and miniaturization of power electronic devices, Fe–Si–B–P–Cu nanocrystalline soft magnetic materials with high saturation magnetization (Bs) parallel to that of the 6.5 wt% Si steel and low coercivity (Hc) are desired. In this work, 30 μm-thick Fe84Si3B10P2Cu1 and Fe84.5Si3B9.5P2Cu1 (at.%) amorphous/nanocrystalline precursor ribbons were melt-spun, which has high Fe contents comparable to that of the 6.5 wt% Si steel. These ribbons consist of an amorphous matrix and pre-existing α-Fe of approximately 28–30 nm in size possessed relatively low and similar-value activation energy of nucleation and growth in the range of 224–249 kJ/mol. Which could induce strong crystallization competition and effectively suppress coarsening of the pre-existing α-Fe. The Fe84Si3B10P2Cu1 nanocrystalline alloy obtained by rapid-annealing (∼100 °C/s) the amorphous/nanocrystalline precursor at 480 °C for 30 s (Fe84-480) exhibited a fine and uniform nanostructure containing α-Fe with small average grain size of approximately 23.1 nm and high volume fraction. The Fe84-480 alloy possessed a high Bs of approximately 1.88 T, a low Hc of 8.6 A/m, and good bendability revealed by relatively large bending fracture strain of ∼1.65%, making it a promising soft magnetic material for power electronic devices.

Comparison of pyrolysis and anaerobic digestion processes for wheat straw biomass

Due to the growing interest in using biomass as a renewable energy source, this study presents a comparative analysis between two prominent biomass conversion technologies—anaerobic digestion and biomass pyrolysis—focused on wheat straw biomass. The objective of this study is to evaluate and compare the efficiency, energy output, and environmental impact. Anaerobic digestion was performed under mesophilic conditions (35 ± 0.5 °C) using the biochemical methanogenic potential (BMP) methodology. Pyrolysis was conducted through thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) to determine the thermal behaviour and kinetic parameters of the biomass. Biogas production led to better energetic results as high methane yields of over 11 mL CH₄ g⁻¹ VS were obtained. Additionally, the integration of both processes was considered by subjecting digestate from anaerobic digestion to pyrolysis process. Key findings demonstrate that the activation energy (Ea) for wheat straw ranged from 166.49 to 176.42 kJ·mol−1 across different kinetic methods, indicating its suitability for pyrolysis. In contrast, digestates exhibited significantly lower activation energies, with 1-week, 2-weeks, and 3-weeks digestates showing ranges of 53.27–60.79 kJ·mol−1, 38.69–46.86 kJ·mol−1, and 46.29–72.34 kJ·mol−1, respectively. These results suggest that anaerobic digestion not only produces biogas but also yields a byproduct with potential for efficient pyrolytic conversion suggesting opportunities for integrated waste management and renewable energy production systems.

Structural, optical, and thermal traits of Sm³⁺-doped SrB₂O₄ phosphors for solid-state lighting applications

We synthesized Sm³⁺-doped SrB₂O₄ phosphors through a solid-state reaction method, varying the Sm³⁺ doping concentrations. Structural and morphological characteristics of material were investigated using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Optical transitions were analyzed by recording the diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, while photoluminescent (PL) spectra were used to evaluate luminescence properties. The PL spectra revealed a strong orange emission at 598 nm under 402 nm excitation. The optimal Sm³⁺ doping concentration was determined to be 0.02 mol, beyond which concentration quenching occurred. This quenching is attributed to exchange-type interactions, which facilitate non-radiative energy relaxation. The CIE color chromaticity coordinates of all the synthesized phosphors fell within the orange region of the chromaticity diagram. Temperature dependent photoluminescence revealed lower activation energy and phonon energy. Thermal quenching temperature was calculated which is inline with commercially available LEDs. All of these results indicate the candidature of SrB2O4 phosphor doped with Sm3+ ions for solid state lighting and optical thermal sensing applications.

A Computational Study of Heteroatom Analogues of Selenoxide and Selenone syn Eliminations.

Selenoxide syn elimination is a widely used method for the synthesis of alkenes because it proceeds under exceptionally mild conditions, typically with excellent regio- and stereoselectivity. Surprisingly, hetero-selenoxide eliminations, where one or both olefinic carbon atoms are replaced with heteroatoms, have been little investigated, and their selenonyl counterparts even less so. A variety of such reactions, where the heteroatoms included combinations of O, N and S, as well as C, were investigated computationally. Selenoxides typically have lower activation energies and are slightly endothermic, while the corresponding selenones display higher activation energies and are exothermic in the gas state. The results are consistent with concerted, five-centre processes, leading to the formation of dioxygen, aldehydes, diazenes and imines from seleninyl or selenonyl peroxides, esters, hydrazines and amines, respectively. The more acidic selenenyl hydrodisulfide analogue undergoes proton transfer to the basic selenoxide oxygen atom instead of concerted elimination, resulting in the formation of a zwitterion. However, the formation of the corresponding selenonyl zwitterion is disfavoured compared to concerted syn elimination. The effects of solvents were also computed along with changes in enthalpy, entropy and free energy. Solvent effects were variable, while free energy calculations indicated overall ΔG values ranging between 3.60 and -32.12 kcal mol-1 for the syn eliminations of methyl methanethioseleninate and methaneperoxyselenonic acid, respectively. These computations suggest that the olefin-forming selenoxide syn elimination may be more general than currently understood and that replacement of the two carbon atoms with heteroatoms can lead to viable processes.

Recycled polypropylene/crystalline cellulose composites obtained using polypropylene functionalized with maleinized hyperbranched polyol polyester as compatibilizing and plasticizing agent

AbstractRecycled polypropylene (rPP)/crystalline cellulose (rPP/CC) composites are promising alternatives for reducing the detrimental environmental consequences of virgin PP. However, the incompatibility of the rPP/CC composites hinders their widespread application. In this study, PP functionalized with maleinized hyperbranched polyol polyester (PP‐g‐MHBP) was used as a compatibilizing and plasticizing agent for the rPP/CC composites. Furthermore, the effect of PP‐g‐MHBP content on the rheological, thermal, morphological, and mechanical properties of the rPP/CC composites was evaluated. The composites were prepared at a mixing speed of 50 rpm for 7 min and the PP‐g‐MHBP content was varied between 0 and 20 wt%. The torque stabilization time was less than 1 min. The activation energy of flow () decreased with increasing PP‐g‐MHBP content, with its values ranging from 0.78 × 102 to 1.42 × 102 kcal.mol−1. The flow index () followed the opposite trend with values ranging from 0.55 ± 0.0030 to 0.85 ± 0.0010. PP‐g‐MHBP enhanced the processability, thermal stability and conductivity. The crystallinity, interactions between rPP and CC, and tensile modulus of the rPP/CC composites were also enhanced. Furthermore, it reduced the agglomeration of CC particles.Highlights The torque stabilization was lowest for all composites. The composites displayed low activation energy of flow. Recycled polypropylene and crystalline cellulose exhibited good interaction. The plasticizing effect was higher than that of compatibilization. The thermal stability and mechanical properties of the composites improved.

Sandwich structured Zn–W–Bi–O catalysts with low activation energy for highly effective oxidative desulfurization of oil

Sandwich structured Zn–W–Bi–O catalysts with low activation energy for highly effective oxidative desulfurization of oil

Combustion reactivity of sewage sludge hydrochar derived from hydrothermal carbonization via thermogravimetric analysis

Wastewater treatment plant sludge contains a high concentration of organic compounds that can be used to produce fuel viahydrothermal carbonization (HTC). This study investigated the combustion reactivity and kinetic parameters of hydrochars produced to understand the combustion behavior of the solid fuel derived from HTC. The hydrochar was produced at various temperatures ranging from 150 to 300 °C, reaction times ranging from 30 to 150 min, and solid loadings ranging from 10% to 30%. The combustion behavior of sewage sludge (SS) and hydrochar was evaluated using thermogravimetric analysis with a constant air flow rate (100 mL/min) and heating rate (10 °C/min) from ambient temperature to 900 °C. It was observed that the HTC temperature, reaction time, and solid loading influenced the combustion characteristics and kinetics of the hydrochar. Additionally, the hydrochar exhibited higher ignition and burnout temperatures and a lower peak temperature than SS, indicating superior performance and reactivity in combustion. The combustion kinetic analysis also revealed that the hydrochar had a range of lower activation energy (29.12–41.60 kJ/mol) than SS (52.95 kJ/mol). Therefore, hydrochar derived from SS has the potential to be used as a substrate for solid fuel production for future renewable energy sources.

Porous Organic Cage-Based Quasi-Solid-State Electrolyte with Cavity-Induced Anion-Trapping Effect for Long-Life Lithium Metal Batteries

Porous organic cages (POCs) with permanent porosity and excellent host–guest property hold great potentials in regulating ion transport behavior, yet their feasibility as solid-state electrolytes has never been testified in a practical battery. Herein, we design and fabricate a quasi-solid-state electrolyte (QSSE) based on a POC to enable the stable operation of Li-metal batteries (LMBs). Benefiting from the ordered channels and cavity-induced anion-trapping effect of POC, the resulting POC-based QSSE exhibits a high Li+ transference number of 0.67 and a high ionic conductivity of 1.25 × 10−4 S cm−1 with a low activation energy of 0.17 eV. These allow for homogeneous Li deposition and highly reversible Li plating/stripping for over 2000 h. As a proof of concept, the LMB assembled with POC-based QSSE demonstrates extremely stable cycling performance with 85% capacity retention after 1000 cycles. Therefore, our work demonstrates the practical applicability of POC as SSEs for LMBs and could be extended to other energy-storage systems, such as Na and K batteries.

A High-capacity Benzoquinone Derivative Anode for All-organic Long-cycle Aqueous Proton Batteries.

Quinone compounds, with the ability to uptake protons, are promising electrodes for aqueous batteries. However, their application is limited by the mediocre working potential range and inferior rate performance. Herein, we examined quinones bearing different substituents, and for the first time introduce tetraamino-1,4-benzoquinone (TABQ) as anode material for proton batteries. The strong electron-donating amino groups can effectively narrow the band gap and negatively shift the redox potentials of quinone material. The protonation of amino groups and the amorphization of structure result in the formation of an intermolecular hydrogen-bond network, supporting Grotthuss-type proton conduction in the electrode with a low activation energy of 192.7 meV. The energy storage mechanism revealed by operando FT-IR and ex-situ XPS features a reversible quinone-hydroquinone conversion during cycling. TABQ demonstrates a remarkable specific capacity of 307 mAh g-1 at 1 A g-1, which is the highest among organic proton electrodes. An all-organic proton battery of TABQ//TCBQ has also been developed, achieving exceptional stability of 3500 cycles at room temperature and excellent performance at sub-zero temperatures.

Unprecedented cubic mesomorphic behaviour of crown-ether functionalized amphiphilic cyclodextrins.

Amphiphilic supramolecular materials based on biodegradable cyclodextrins (CDs) have been known to self-assemble into different types of thermotropic liquid crystals, including smectic and hexagonal columnar mesophases. Previous studies on amphiphilic CDs bearing 14 aliphatic chains at the primary face and 7 oligoethylene glycol (OEG) chains at the secondary face showed that the stability of the mesophase can be rationally tuned through implemation of terminal functional groups to the OEG chains. Here, we report the syntheses of first examples of crown ether-functionalized amphiphilic cyclodextrins that unexpectedly form thermotropic bicontinuous cubic phases. This constitutes the first reported examples of cyclodextrins forming such phases, which are potentially capable of 3D ion transport. Lithium composites were made to assess lithium conduction in the material. XRD revealed the added lithium salt destabilizes the cubic phase in favour of the smectic phase. Solid-state NMR studies showed that these materials conduct lithium ions with a very low activation energy.

Epimerization of glucose to rare sugars using Beta zeolite-supported MoOx catalysts

Epimerization of abundant monosaccharides derived from lignocellulosic biomass offers an attractive approach for the synthesis of rare sugars. Molybdenum-based catalysts demonstrate excellent glucose-mannose epimerization performance, but most studies have neglected the synthesis of other sugar epimers and the pathways of their formation. Here, reduced Beta zeolite supported MoOx catalysts (Mo/Beta) with 1.5–10 wt% Mo loading were examined for glucose epimerization in water, specifically focusing on the formation of the rare sugars allose and altrose. The physicochemical structure and the catalytic activity of the catalyst were examined in detail, and the reaction mechanisms for the epimer formation were probed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The results demonstrate that 5 wt% Mo/Beta achieved a near-equilibrium mannose yield of 30 % from glucose within 10 min at reaction temperatures below 140 °C, exhibiting a relatively low activation energy (∼67 kJ mol−1). At elevated reaction temperatures (≥ 120 °C), the rare sugars allose and altrose accumulated to combined yields of 24 % at 140 °C. An isotope labelling study using NMR spectroscopy corroborated the catalysis to involve 1,2-carbon shifts that elicit the formation of rare sugars at sufficiently high temperatures. Evaluation of catalyst reuse and regeneration indicated that supported MoOx had higher stability than MoO3, but the stability of the Mo/Beta catalysts under hydrothermal conditions leaves room for improvement.

Boosting Acidic Hydrogen Evolution Kinetics Induced by Weak Strain Effect in PdPt Alloy for Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolyzers.

Strain engineering is an effective strategy for manipulating the electronic structure of active sites and altering the binding strength toward adsorbates during the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). However, the effects of weak and strong strain engineering on the HER catalytic activity have not been fully explored. Herein, the core-shell PdPt alloys with two-layer Pt shells (PdPt2L) and multi-layer Pt shells (PdPtML) is constructed, which exhibit distinct lattice strains. Notably, PdPt2L with weak strain effect just requires a low overpotential of 18mV to reach 10mA cm-2 for the HER and shows the superior long-term stability for 510h with negligible activity degradation in 0.5M H2SO4. The intrinsic activity of PdPt2L is 6.2 and 24.5 times higher than that of PdPtML and commercial Pt/C, respectively. Furthermore, PdPt2L||IrO2 exhibits superior activity over Pt/C||IrO2 in proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers and maintains stable operation for 100h at large current density of 500mA cm-2. In situ/operando measurements verify that PdPt2L exhibits lower apparent activation energy and accelerated ad-/desorption kinetics, benefiting from the weak strain effect. Density functional theory calculations also reveal that PdPt2L displays weaker H* adsorption energy compared to PdPtML, favoring for H* desorption and promoting H2 generation.

From Catalysis of Evolution to Evolution of Catalysis.

ConspectusThe mystery of the origins of life is one of the most difficult yet intriguing challenges to which humanity has grappled. How did biopolymers emerge in the absence of enzymes (evolved biocatalysts), and how did long-lasting chemical evolution find a path to the highly selective complex biology that we observe today? In this paper, we discuss a chemical framework that explores the very roots of catalysis, demonstrating how standard catalytic activity based on chemical and physical principles can evolve into complex machineries. We provide several examples of how prebiotic catalysis by small molecules can be exploited to facilitate polymerization, which in biology has transformed the nature of catalysis. Thus, catalysis evolved, and evolution was catalyzed, during the transformation of prebiotic chemistry to biochemistry. Traditionally, a catalyst is defined as a substance that (i) speeds up a chemical reaction by lowering activation energy through different chemical mechanisms and (ii) is not consumed during the course of the reaction. However, considering prebiotic chemistry, which involved a highly diverse chemical space (i.e., high number of potential reactants and products) and constantly changing environment that lacked highly sophisticated catalytic machinery, we stress here that a more primitive, broader definition should be considered. Here, we consider a catalyst as any chemical species that lowers activation energy. We further discuss various demonstrations of how simple prebiotic molecules such as hydroxy acids and mercaptoacids promote the formation of peptide bonds via energetically favored exchange reactions. Even though the small molecules are partially regenerated and partially retained within the resulting oligomers, these prebiotic catalysts fulfill their primary role. Catalysis by metal ions and in complex chemical mixtures is also highlighted. We underline how chemical evolution is primarily dictated by kinetics rather than thermodynamics and demonstrate a novel concept to support this notion. Moreover, we propose a new perspective on the role of water in prebiotic catalysis. The role of water as simply a "medium" obscures its importance as an active participant in the chemistry of life, specifically as a very efficient catalyst and as a participant in many chemical transformations. Here we highlight the unusual contribution of water to increasing complexification over the course of chemical evolution. We discuss possible pathways by which prebiotic catalysis promoted chemical selection and complexification. Taken together, this Account draws a connection line between prebiotic catalysis and contemporary biocatalysis and demonstrates that the fundamental elements of chemical catalysis are embedded within today's biocatalysts. This Account illustrates how the evolution of catalysis was intertwined with chemical evolution from the very beginning.

Investigation on Polyether Sulfone Toughening Epoxy Vitrimer: Curing and Dynamic Properties.

Diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A crosslinking with glutaric anhydride is used to form the conventional "covalent adaptive network", polyether sulfone (PES) by coiling and aggregating on the adaptive network is used to significantly increase the uncured resin viscosity for improving the processability of epoxy resin, but inevitably affecting the curing reaction and dynamic transesterification reaction. This study investigates the crucial roles of PES in curing dynamics and stress relaxation behavior. The results indicate that although PES does not directly participate in the crosslinking reaction of polyester-based epoxy vitrimers. Moreover, the isothermal curing studies reveal that the addition of PES can greatly bring forward the reaction rate peak from conversion α = 0.6 to α = 0.2, meaning that the curing mechanism transfers from chemical control to diffusion control. Dynamic property analysis shows that the addition of PES significantly accelerates stress relaxation, especially at lower temperatures, leading to low viscous flow activation energy Eτ and relatively insensitive stress relaxation behavior to temperature. Introducing PES into vitrimer resin greatly improves crosslinking density (2.31×10⁴molm- 3), enhancing glass transition temperature (82.68°C), tensile strength (68.66MPa), and fracture toughness (6.25%). Additionally, the modified vitrimer resin exhibits satisfying shape memory performance and reprocessing capability.

Superior proton conductivity of amino acid-modified UiO-66-(COOH)2 embedded in chitosan: Mechanistic insights into the acid-base interactions

We focus on optimizing acid-base interactions and hydrogen bonding networks to achieve enhanced proton conductivity under low relative humidity (RH) and high temperature. By functionalizing UiO-66-(COOH)2 with glutamic acid (Glu) and lysine (Lys), we generate Glu-UiO-66-(COOH)2 and Lys-UiO-66-(COOH)2. These modified materials are subsequently incorporated into chitosan (CS) to produce the composites Glu-UiO-66-(COOH)2@CS and Lys-UiO-66-(COOH)2@CS. The successful incorporation of amino acids and cross-linking between -COOH and -NH2 groups in the composites, confirmed by FTIR and PXRD analyses, significantly enhances the structural integrity and durability by strengthening the network, and reducing polymer chain mobility. Proton conductivity assessments reveal that Lys-UiO-66-(COOH)2@CS-7 exhibits a remarkable conductivity of 0.022 S/cm at 100 % RH and 363 K, outperforming Glu-UiO-66-(COOH)2@CS-7. The lower activation energy (Ea) of 0.28 eV for Lys-UiO-66-(COOH)2@CS-7, compared to 0.336 eV for Glu-UiO-66-(COOH)2@CS-7, highlights the significant improvement in intramolecular acid-base interactions and hydrogen bonding. Furthermore, Lys-UiO-66-(COOH)2@CS-7 maintains notable proton conductivity at 43 % RH, with an Ea of 0.216 eV, demonstrating its efficacy in low-humidity conditions. These findings underscore the profound impact of amino acid modifications and cross-linking on proton conductivity by reinforcing acid-base interactions, hydrogen bonding networks, and proton transfer efficiency.