Lower Accident Rates Research Articles

A Literature Survey On Signalized And Non-Signalized Corridors

Random traffic flows and the influence of traffic signals at intersections often cause significant variations in travel times. This has implications for signal control planning and design. This study aims to compare the variability between signalized and unsignalized corridors in Lahore and identify the challenges faced by road users. The study was conducted through a literature survey that collected data on trip purpose, frequency, travel time, and transportation mode choice from various sources. Results show that signalized corridors have lower accident rates and shorter travel times compared to unsignalized corridors. Unsignaled corridors, on the other hand, offer better access and lower fuel costs. Although signalized corridors are more effective in managing traffic flow and improving safety, further research is needed to explore alternative solutions such as roundabouts that can improve mobility and sustainability. The results of this study can serve as a reference for transportation planners and policy makers in designing a more efficient traffic system. This study also suggests the need for further evaluation of traffic control in various urban contexts to optimize safety and efficiency.

Road traffic injury among elderly people and its determinant factors: a cross-sectional study.

Injuries from Road Traffic Accidents (RTAs), particularly among vulnerable groups such as the elderly, are considered a significant public health concern. The aim of this study was to show epidemiology of RTIs among the elderly people in the Eastern Azerbaijan province of Iran. This cross-sectional study included all patients over 60 years old who admitted to the Shohada Hospital from 2006 to 2016. Data were extracted from the Hospital Information System. Injuries types were classified based on the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10). Descriptive statistics (Mean, median and frequency) and inferential statistics (The Pearson Chi-square test) were used for data analysis through SPSS-24 software. A total of 3509 RTAs involving patients over 60 years old from 2006 to 2016. These traffic-related injuries comprised 15% of all recorded injuries (23,321 cases). The mean age of the patients was 69.91 ± 7.61 years, with a predominant male representation (2324 patients, 64.74%). The median Length of Stay (LOS) in hospital was 3 days. Injuries most commonly affected the knee and lower leg regions (27.5%). The most frequent types of accidents were those involving car passengers (40.47%) and pedestrians (36.33%). The majority of RTAs occurred during the summer season. There was a significant difference in the rate of RTAs based on variables such as sex, age, season, and LOS (p < 0.001). The study highlights traffic-related injuries among the elderly, mostly affecting the knee and lower leg regions, especially during the summer season. The efforts should include enhancing safety measures for car passengers and pedestrians, particularly during the high-risk summer months. Also, it emphasizes the need for public transportation to improve safety for older people due to lower accident rates and senior-friendly features.

Safety Management System in Pune Metro Rail Projects

The construction industry continues to grow as the demand for infrastructure, homes, and officespaces grows by the day. Since the construction industry is so dynamic, it is vulnerable to a range ofhealth risks. As a result, protection is a top priority in the construction sector to ensure a healthy workingenvironment. Safety experts have determined that risky behaviours cause the majority of workplaceinjuries, and that controlling these behaviours is one of the keys to effective accident prevention and a lowaccident rate on construction sites. Safety in construction industry is much more important. This reviewpaper is about to increase safety in the building industry performance. The study's primarily is to definethe critical success factors that affect the implementation of construction safety management. Thisreview paper is to recognize and solve major problems in the infrastructure sector with varioussolutions related to work situations that affect project safety performance. Due to lake of knowledge andawareness large number of people’s deaths and long-term injuries occurs. in order to reduce andcontrol construction worker health and safety.The construction industry has the largest number of injuries compared to other industries. Thus,reducing accidents and determining construction risks are extremely important. One of the essentialsteps for construction safety management is hazard identification, since the most unmanageable risksare from unidentified hazardsPune metro project is the key project for city the accident at going site may causes the break inprogress of work ultimately it casues the increases the duration of project as well as cost of projects.The various safety and control measures of accidents in Pune Metro projects will outlined in thisproject in order to mitigate accidents

The implementation of Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) program on employee working conditions in the harvesting unit of PT Sewangi Sejati Luhur

PT. Sewangi Sejati Luhur, a palm oil plantation company, manages 7,000 hectares divided into 12 divisions across 3 estates. The company primarily focuses on cultivating and processing Fresh Fruit Bunches (FFB), with the harvesting unit employing the most workers. This research aims to investigate the implementation of the Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) program within the harvesting unit at PT Sewangi Sejati Luhur, designed to prevent work accidents and occupational diseases. Conducted in Tapung Hulu Subdistrict, Kampar Regency, Riau Province, the study employs a quantitative descriptive method using the HIRARC method to assess OHS application and employee working conditions. A saturated sample of 30 harvesting employees was surveyed through interviews and documentation of the OHS program. The findings reveal that the OHS program includes periodic health exams, OHS awareness campaigns, monthly activities, and training sessions. The program's implementation has led to low accident rates and satisfactory achievement of goals. Correlation analysis shows a significant link between OHS program implementation and improved employee working conditions. Additionally, 82% of respondents reported that the OHS program significantly influenced their working conditions, while 18% cited other factors. Overall, the OHS program in PT Sewangi Sejati Luhur's harvesting unit has been effective, ensuring a low accident rate and meeting monthly targets.

Current Approaches in Traffic Lane Detection: a minireview

The continuous development and importance of the field of road transport these days make it necessary to design, develop and implement technological solutions that reduce (eliminate as much as possible) the risk of road accidents. Such a technological solution is also represented by advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS), systems that assist drivers in various ways, such as collision avoidance, automatic parking, adaptive cruise control, attention and lane departure warnings. Over the next ten years, there will likely be a rise in the need for ADAS system deployment in automobile construction, driven by consumer and regulatory interest in safety applications that protect drivers and lower accident rates. At the moment, autonomous emergency braking and forward collision warning systems are mandated for all cars in the US and the EU. Additionally, advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) may soon distinguish automobile brands and have a significant impact on consumer preference. The present work aims to provide a general picture related to the current research and development of ADAS systems that refer to the detection of the traffic lane and lane markings. The approaches are presented regarding: the current development directions of ADAS systems, current traffic lane detection techniques, traffic lane detection methods and the use of artificial intelligence techniques in this field. The general conclusion is that further research is needed in the field, research to increase the performance of traffic lane detective systems by using advanced algorithms and easy-to-implement methods that do not require large hardware resources.

Analisis Jumlah Kecelakaan Lalu Lintas, Korban, dan kerugian di Provinsi Lampung Tahun 2021 Dengan Metode K-Means Cluster

Abstract: Provinsi Lampung is facing a serious challenge regarding the high rate of traffic accidents, triggered by the increasing number of vehicles and inadequate infrastructure. Low awareness of traffic regulations also serves as a major cause of accidents. This research employs the Cluster Analysis method within the Geographic Information System (GIS) to categorize traffic accident data in Lampung Province for the year 2021. The data encompasses the number of accidents, fatalities, serious injuries, minor injuries, and financial losses across 14 districts/cities. The cluster analysis results identify two main groups with distinct characteristics. The first cluster exhibits a low accident rate, while the second cluster shows a high accident rate, contributing significantly to the total number of accidents, fatalities, serious injuries, minor injuries, and financial losses. Recommendations for interventions are tailored to the characteristics of each cluster, emphasizing either fatal injury prevention or road infrastructure improvements. The findings of this research provide a foundation for designing more effective strategies to reduce accident risks and enhance traffic safety in Lampung Province Keywords: K-means, Accidents, Lampung Province

Reducing airline accident risk and saving lives: financial health, corporate governance, and aviation safety

PurposeThis study investigates the impact of financial health and corporate governance on aviation safety, aiming to fill a critical gap in existing research. The purpose of this study is to identify how these factors influence the safety records of airlines and provide insights for regulators, airlines and stakeholders to enhance aviation safety.Design/methodology/approachUsing a comprehensive international sample spanning 1950–2009 and later, this empirical analysis draws on diverse databases. The authors examine 372 airlines across 70 countries from 1990 to 2016. The research uses statistical models to analyze the relationship between financial indicators, corporate governance quality and aviation safety, addressing limitations of prior single-country studies.FindingsThe findings reveal a significant inverse relationship between financial health and accident propensity, with profitable airlines exhibiting lower accident rates. Additionally, airlines with higher corporate governance quality, characterized by qualified directors and stable leadership, experience fewer accidents. The study identifies key factors such as pilot errors, mechanical failures and adverse weather, contributing to approximately 75% of accidents, emphasizing the importance of organizational control.Practical implicationsThis research has crucial implications for aviation safety policies and practices. Regulators and international organizations, such as International Civil Aviation Organization and International Air Transport Association, should allocate resources to supervise financially vulnerable airlines and those with lower governance quality. Governments might consider incentivizing safety practices through tax deductibility for relevant expenses. Shareholders are encouraged to prioritize qualified, younger and less busy directors, recognizing their impact on safety performance.Originality/valueThis study contributes to existing literature by addressing methodological biases and offering a comprehensive international perspective. The identification of a link between financial health, corporate governance and accident rates in the aviation industry provides valuable insights. The research informs policymakers, regulators and industry stakeholders on effective strategies to improve safety by considering financial and governance factors under their control.

Psychosocial Hazards among Field Workers in the Construction Industry Across Demographic Groups in Rivers State, Nigeria

This study explores how psychosocial hazards affect safety outcomes, particularly across demographic characteristics in the construction industry in Rivers State, Nigeria. Questionnaires were distributed to workers in the construction companies in Rivers State to get their responses on psychosocial hazards such as workload, role clarity, social support, and organizational culture. A questionnaire-based survey also collected data on the demographic variables of the workers. Two- hundred and ninty-five respondents had a complete and usable questionnaire. Pearson correlation coefficients and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) were used to understand the relationship between the psychosocial factors with the safety outcome and the relationship with demographic variables. The result revealed that male workers faced higher stress, accidents, and near misses, while females grappled with role ambiguity but reported better social support. The results from correlation analysis revealed that higher workload correlated with increased accidents and near misses. Adequate equipment and suitable environment equate with positive job performance, positive organisational culture leads to low accident rates. Also, clear job roles were linked to improved performance and fewer accidents. Psychosocial hazards have not gained high attention in most industries, but with the improvements in this field of research, safety of workers holistically will be attained.

Big data-driven TBM tunnel intelligent construction system with automated-compliance-checking (ACC) optimization

TBM tunneling in subsea areas with adverse geological conditions presents potential risks due to non-compliant tunneling strategies resulting from manual adjustments and untimely communications. This study proposes an innovative subsea TBM tunnel intelligent construction system, featuring automated-compliance-checking (ACC) optimization, to assess feasibility through a case study. The key ingredient of the system is an integrated data-driven model framework comprising of a geological identification model based on fuzzy set theory and Dempster-Shafer (D-S) fusion theory and a machine learning-based TBM construction strategy ACC optimization model. In addition, a real-time data services scheme is established to manage TBM engineering big data, ensuring its effective utilization. Implemented in the PRDWRA project's F27 fault zone, the system identified greater stratum complexity than previously known, with potential dual faults. Post-ACC optimization, it achieved a 13.6 % increase in advance rate, maintained consistent slurry pressure, and reduced the deviation between optimized and expected values by 57.1 %. Finally, drawing upon statistical data sourced from project stakeholders, the system's deployment yielded a 9 % cycle time reduction, and a 27 % cost saving, with 17 % from reduced construction times and 9 % from lower accident rates. These results confirm the strategy's compliance with construction codes, significantly reducing risk and improving tunneling efficiency. The results confirm that the operational strategy adheres to construction code requirements, substantially reducing construction risks and effectively enhancing tunneling efficiency.

Speed, Density, and Crash Relationship in Urban Arterial Roads

Vehicle speed has an essential role in the occurrence of traffic accidents. Increasing the number of vehicles operating on the road will further increase the risk of traffic accidents because it is not balanced with discipline in driving. This study's purpose is to analyze the relationship between speed and traffic accidents that occurred in Gadjah Mada and Hayam Wuruk Road, Jember, through several variations of calculations. The independent variables used are average speed and 85th percentile speed and density, while the dependent variable used is the accident rate. The analysis used is a correlation test that determines the level of closeness of the relationship between the two variables and a regression test that helps estimate the relationship between the two variables through a regression equation model that will be selected based on conditions in the field. The results of this study indicate that lower speed is associated with a lower accident rate. Meanwhile, lower vehicle density leads to an increase in the accident rate. Speed management to improve traffic safety in Indonesia is needed. Direction for future research is presented.

Characteristics analysis of intercontinental sea accidents using weighted association rule mining: Evidence from the Mediterranean Sea and Black Sea

With the continuous growth of international trade and the number of ships, the pressure on marine safety is increasing. To strengthen the efficiency and pertinence of accident prevention and control measures, in-depth research on the characteristics of marine traffic accidents is of great significance. This study uses a Weighted Association Rule Mining (WARM) approach to investigate the association between marine traffic accidents characteristics. The Mediterranean Sea and Black Sea play a crucial role in global maritime transportation. The marine traffic accidents in the Mediterranean Sea and Black Sea region from 2006 to 2020 are collected from the Lloyd's List Intelligence (LLI) database. Then, WARM is applied to obtain the characteristics of marine traffic accidents. The findings show that Flag of Convenience (FOC) vessels in the Mediterranean have a lower accident rate than non-FOC vessels do. Moreover, the results reveal a strong relationship between accidents and the age, gross tonnage, and ship type. Older general cargo ships with a gross tonnage between 500 and 3000 tons are more prone to accidents. This research provides insights for authorities to develop targeted measures for preventing specific types of accidents and enhancing marine safety.

TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS AND ROAD SAFETY ANALYSIS IN BOGOR CITY, INDONESIA

Bogor City is experiencing rapid development; one of the reasons is its strategic location, which is close to the capital city of Jakarta. As a developing city, transportation is one of the sectors that has an important and strategic role in supporting development in all fields, but in everyday life transportation also has an impact on traffic safety. Therefore, it is felt that there is a need to mitigate traffic accidents to reduce the rate of traffic accidents that occur on highways, especially secondary arterial roads in Bogor City. To make it easier to analyze areas prone to traffic accidents, GIS (Geographic Information System) approach is used, which can integrate various databases, be it spatial data such as maps, photos, and satellite images, or non-spatial or better known as textual data such as attribute and numeric data, thus allowing the location prone to traffic accidents to be described in a two-dimensional form that can be edited and revised quickly so that it can always produce actual information that can be used as a basis for analysts in decision making. Based on the results of the analysis, the highest number and distribution of traffic accidents are in Central Bogor District and North Bogor District, while West Bogor District has a moderate accident rate and South Bogor, North Bogor, and Tanah Sareal Districts have a low accident rate. Most accident-prone points are located in locations that are the center of community activities. With the land use plan in Bogor City in the form of converting green open spaces into residential, trade, and service areas, as well as education and office areas, population growth and the need for transportation will increase. In line with that, the number of accidents will also increase, so it is necessary to mitigate traffic accidents to prevent or suppress the surge in the number of accidents that will occur.

Robust authenticated key agreement protocol for internet of vehicles-envisioned intelligent transportation system

Internet of Vehicles (IoV) is a wireless network, which employs well-established Internet protocols and networks to share information between vehicles, people, and infrastructure by utilising Vehicular Adhoc Networks (VANETs). IoV aims to increase road user safety and lower accident rates. It is one of the main components of an intelligent transportation system (ITS). ITS appears as the most crucial component since the cities in any country are evolving into digital civilisations as a result of the smart city concept, regardless of whether people are travelling within the city, to work, in school, or for other purposes. It can also be used to improve infrastructure utilisation and road safety (i.e., reduction in road accidents), in addition to enhancing traffic management and easing congestion. However, IoV-driven ITS is susceptible to several forms of attacks because of the insecure communication among the participating entities. We, therefore, propose a secure authentication protocol for IoV-driven ITS to stop these attacks from happening (in short, SAKP-ITS). Its resistance to a number of potential attacks is confirmed by the security analysis of the proposed SAKP-ITS. Additionally, SAKP-ITS is juxtaposed with other comparable competing methods put out in an IoV environment. Additionally, it has been found that SAKP-ITS outperforms competing schemes in terms of critical metrics like communication costs, computation costs, and security and functionality attributes. To test the effect of the proposed SAKP-ITS on the critical performance attributes, a practical implementation of SAKP-ITS is also presented.

A comparative evaluation of the safety performance of bus priority route configurations

One way to promote public transport use in cities lies in establishing bus priority routes (BPRs) on main traffic arterials, to reduce bus travel times. But, BPRs require infrastructure changes in road layouts, creating more complex traffic settings that may have safety implications. Previous research indicated that design features affect BPRs' safety, but findings regarding the impacts of various BPR configurations are scarce. In this study, we examined the safety performance of three BPR configurations: barrier-separated central, open centre-lane and curbside BPRs, in Israel. Multivariate regression models were fitted to identify design features affecting accident occurrences on urban arterials with BPRs, using a database on all BPRs in operation. The comparative evaluations showed that barrier-separated BPRs were characterised by lower accident rates on road sections but by substantially higher accident numbers at junctions, relative to other BPR types, and particularly when bus-overtaking was possible. Hence, the use of barrier-separated bus routes should be reduced and bus-overtaking settings should be avoided, when implementing BPRs. In the comparison of curbside and center-lane BPRs none of them demonstrated a superior safety performance: the centre-lane BPRs were safer on sections while at junctions both types had advantages for certain accident types, thus, both forms are applicable in future BPR designs.

Occupational safety and health in the agricultural sector: a bibliographic review.

In the labor context the agricultural sector has been a little neglected in terms of the implementation of policies and standards that allow maintaining low accident rates, and in the last year strategies have been established to improve this situation. The aim of this study was to conduct a bibliometric analysis of the scientific literature on the methodologies used to plan, verify, and maintain occupational safety and health in the agricultural sector. The methodology focused on the search for information in the Scopus and Web of Science databases through a search equation, and then through inclusion and exclusion criteria to evaluate the selected articles. It was found that the country with most studies on occupational safety and health was the United States, and that methodologies such as social participation, videos, and team learning are among the most successful processes. The year of publication with the largest amount of research published was 2021, the survey approach appears in 82% of the articles, the use of technology as a means of dissemination of improvement actions was evidenced, and the most innovative processes included: use of religion, checklists, fear, threats, and work organization processes.

Changes over time in the relationship between road accidents and factors influencing them: The case of Norway

This paper compares the results found in successive accident prediction models developed at the national level for Norway. Over time, the models have become more comprehensive in terms of the roads and the variables included in them. It is found that traffic volume has consistently had the strongest association with the number of accidents. It explains nearly all the systematic variation in the number of accidents. The second most important variable has consistently been the speed limit of 50 km/h, which indicates an urban area (the default speed limit in urban areas in Norway is 50 km/h). This variable has become less important over time. Motorways (freeways) have consistently had a lower accident rate than other roads. The mean number of accidents per road section declined considerably from 1986 to 89 to 2010–15. Systematic variation in the number of accidents between road sections was greatly reduced. At present, the variation in the annual number of accidents between road sections is mostly random.

Built environment bikeability as a predictor of cycling frequency: Lessons from Barcelona

BackgroundMany cities are putting cycling at the centre of their sustainable transportation policies after the COVID pandemic. Cycling is seen as a desirable mode of transport in dense and compact areas and needs to be promoted accordingly. However, to date, only a handful of different bikeability indexes exist attempting to map biking conditions and the built environment’s potential to promote biking as a modal choice on a city scale. MethodsIn this article, we use objective GIS data to map bikeability potential in the city of Barcelona. To do so we extracted the main bikeability components from an adhoc cycling survey and then create an index using ten spatial indicators. This bikeability index is mapped at a 100 × 100 m scale in the city of Barcelona. We then use actual travel behavior data extracted from a local representative travel survey to test the reliability of the index in predicting daily bike use. ResultsResults confirm the validity of the bikeability index as a predictor of the frequency of cycling. People living in areas with higher levels of built environment features associated with bikeability such as dedicated infrastructure, low accident rates and small slopes are more likely to use the bike more often. ConclusionsResults validate our approach providing new methods to be used in further biking studies and a useful tool for policy and decision making. The use of our new bikeaiblity index is especially indicated for highly-dense, compact, Mediterranean-style cities.

ANALYSIS OF THE SYSTEM OF DRIVING SCHOOLS IN SELECTED EU COUNTRIES AND THE SLOVAK REPUBLIC

According to figures provided by the European Commission, more than 20,000 people die each year when traveling in the European Union (Press release European Commission, 2021). In 2019, the EU average of road accidents was 51 deaths per million inhabitants, with significant differences between low and high accident rates. In the Slovak Republic, drivers with a driving experience of up to 5 years (approximately 25%) cause fatal accidents every year, while drivers who belong to this group make up only 11.6% of all drivers (Statistical overviews of the agenda of traffic accident in the Slovak Republic and complete statistics Ministry of the Interior of the Slovak Republic, 2022). One of the causes of this condition can be sought directly in driving schools. The main goal of the paper is to analyse the system of driving schools based on selected criteria in selected thirteen EU countries (Bulgaria, Czechia, Denmark, Finland, the Netherlands, Croatia, Lithuania, Latvia, Germany, Poland, Romania, Slovenia and Sweden), which show differences in numbers. People killed in traffic accidents and compare them with the system of driving schools in the Slovak Republic. The paper also looks for a link between the number of fatal traffic accidents in a given country and the driving school system.

Midblock U-Turn and Elevated U-Turn Safety and Economy Comparison: A Case Study Application

Abstract In Egypt, intersections are encountering congestion and safety problems. Midblock U-turns have been used for solving these problems. The midblock U-turn increased the accidents, besides, it has limited capacity. In the last decade, elevated U-turns have been applied to solve these problems. The extensive use of elevated U-turns has not been accompanied by any research for studying the performance of elevated U-turns with respect to safety and economy. This paper developed a simple framework for comparing elevated and traditional midblock U-turns in terms of safety and economy. The study applied a case study to evaluate the two alternatives using a benefit-cost analysis technique. Although the results show the high cost of the elevated U-turns, it has been demonstrated to be the best solution since they provide the greater traffic capacity and lower accident rates. Accident number reported at elevated U-turns was 59 % less than the number associated with traditional U-turns.

A systems thinking based method for assessing safety management best practices in construction

Safety management best practices have been explored in several studies, mostly for assessing the degree of implementation of those practices as well as for identifying the ones strongly correlated with low accident rates. However, there are limitations related to the research strategy adopted in those studies, usually based on surveys with managers of construction companies. This research study proposes a method for assessing the implementation of safety management best practices in construction sites, which has distinctive features due to the use of systems thinking as theoretical lens: (i) the organizational context of the application of best practices is considered; (ii) the interactions between best practices are modeled; (iii) safety and accidents as regarded as emergent phenomena; and (iv) diverse perspectives are considered in the definition and evaluation of best practices. The method was tested in ten empirical studies carried out in construction sites from Brazil. Results made clear the utility of understanding how best practices are implemented, instead of only identifying what the best practices are.