Lower Time Limit Research Articles

Global Prevalence of Anxiety, Depression, and Stress Among Patients with Skin Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

The changes in human lifestyle over the past few decades have impacted the prevalence of skin diseases within different societies. Skin diseases may result in various physical and mental disorders. The most common mental disorders observed among the patients are stress, anxiety, and depression. This study aims to investigate the global prevalence of anxiety, depression, and stress in patients with skin diseases. In this Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis study, the PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, Embase, Web of science, and Google Scholar repositories were searched without a lower time limit. Heterogeneity among the identified studies was examined using the I2 index, and accordingly random effects model was adopted for analysis. Data analysis was conducted within the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software (v. 2). In total, 113 studies were included for the final analysis. The overall pooled prevalence of stress, depression, and anxiety in skin disease patients was found to be 39.4%, 27.2% and 28.8%, respectively. Among patients with psoriasis, acne, vitiligo or atopic dermatitis diseases, the highest number of patients suffering from stress was related to patients with acne (75.7%). The highest prevalence of depression, and anxiety was reported in patients with vitiligo (38.3%) and acne (36.5%), respectively. Considering the high prevalence of mental disorders among patients with skin diseases and recognising the impacts of mental health challenges on patients' well-being, the findings of this study provide valuable insights for identifying specific populations that require targeted interventions for the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of mental illnesses. Accordingly, healthcare policymakers should incorporate psychological treatment and support measures as integral components of comprehensive care strategies for patients with skin diseases.

The effect of SGLT2 inhibitors on kidney stones; a systematic review and meta-analysis

Introduction: Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are among the antidiabetic drugs with unclear relationship effect on kidney stones. Accordingly, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between SGLT2 inhibitors treatment and kidney calculi incidence using systematic review and meta-analysis. Materials and Methods: The PRISMA statement was used to write this systematic review and meta-analysis. Databases, including ProQuest, PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Google Scholar, were used to access the resources without a lower time limit until November 5, 2023. Data analysis was conducted using STATA 14 software. Results: Results obtained from six studies with a total of 4963542 participants indicated that SGLT2 inhibitors administration reduced the possibility of kidney calculi in general (OR = 0.80, 95% CI: 0.72, 0.89), in men (OR = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.86, 0.98), and women (OR = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.89, 0.97). SGLT2 inhibitors treatment prevented kidney calculi in cross-sectional studies (OR = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.89, 0.96), cohort studies (OR = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.66, 0.77), RCT study (OR = 0.64, 95% CI: 0.48, 0.86), Japan (OR = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.89, 0.96), United States (OR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.67, 0.76), Denmark (OR = 0.51, 95% CI: 0.37, 0.71), compared with DPP4i (OR = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.71, 0.77), compared with GLP1RA (OR = 0.62, 95% CI: 0.47, 0.82), compared with other antidiabetic drugs (OR = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.89, 0.96), and compared with placebo (OR = 0.64, 95% CI: 0.48, 0.86). Conclusion: Compared with placebo and other antidiabetic drugs, SGLT2 inhibitors reduce the risk of kidney calculi. However, considering the limited number of investigated studies, more studies in this field are required. Registration: This study has been compiled based on the PRISMA checklist, and its protocol was registered on the PROSPERO (CRD42023483132) and Research Registry (UIN: reviewregistry1743) websites.

A bibliometric exploration of infographics as tools for visual literacy in education

The purpose of this paper is to examine how infographics are used in the dynamics of designing or creating in the teaching and learning process. Utilising a bibliometric approach and content analysis, we examined a sample of 760 documents from the Web of Science and Scopus databases with no lower time limit until November 2023. The analyses aimed to identify trends, including main topics, authors, sources, most cited articles, institutional affiliations, and countries in the literature. This bibliometric approach allows for the observation of trends in the educational application of promoting visual literacy through students’ design or creation of infographics in formal and informal learning settings. Initial publications emerged in 2007, gaining momentum from 2014 to the present. The most prolific fields were medical science, chemistry, and computer science. This investigation shows that educational institutions could employ infographics beyond present boundaries to prepare students—particularly Generation Alpha, digital natives—for a data-driven society. Institutions should expand their use of infographics to improve visual literacy and address the changing educational requirements of students in a dynamic learning environment. Overall, this paper provides insights into the readiness of educators and institutions to engage Generation Alpha, the digital natives, through visual literacy and infographics.

Global prevalence of major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety, stress, and depression among infertile women: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

In recent years, the global prevalence of infertility has increased among women (Talmor and Dunphy, Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 29(4):498-506, 2015) and is considered as a public health concern. One of the impacts of infertility is mental health problems in the patients, which can lead to complications such as stress, anxiety, and depression. The aim of this study is to investigate the global prevalence of major depressive disorder, general anxiety, stress, and depression in infertile women through a systematic review and meta-analysis. To identify studies that have reported the prevalence of major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety, stress, and depression in infertile women, the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar repositories were systematically searched. Articles published up until February 2023 were included, while no lower time limit was imposed in the search strategy. Heterogeneity of studies was examined using the I2 test and, thus, random-effects model was used to perform the analysis. Data analysis was conducted within the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (v.2) software. In the review of 44 studies with a sample size of 53,300 infertile female patients, the overall prevalence of major depressive disorder (clinical depression), generalized anxiety, stress, and depression was found to be 22.9%, 13.3%, 78.8%, and 31.6% respectively. It was also found that mental health complications are more prevalent among infertile women in Asia (continent). Considering the prevalence of mental disorders among infertile women, health policymakers can use the results of the present meta-analysis to pay more attention to the mental health of infertile women and devise suitable interventions and programs to reduce and prevent the spread of psychological disorders among infertile women.

Global prevalence of sexual dysfunction among women with metabolic syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Sexual dysfunction is a common disorder among women, especially during menopause. Metabolic syndrome is a multifactorial disease that, according to previous studies, there is a relationship between the metabolic syndrome and sexual dysfunction among women. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to obtain the prevalence of Female Sexual Dysfunction (FSD) among women with metabolic syndrome, and to analyze available related evidence. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, the keywords of MeSH, female sexual dysfunction, FSD, metabolic syndrome were searched in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct and Google Scholar. The searches were conducted without a lower time limit and until May 2022. The prevalence of FSD among women with metabolic syndrome was found to be 39.3% (95% CI: 28.3-51.5). In the subgroup analysis and in the review of 4 studies, the prevalence of sexual dysfunction in postmenopausal women with metabolic syndrome was 49.8% (95% CI: 26.1-73.6). Analyzing the results of the meta-regression test in examining the effect of the three factors of sample size, year of the study, age, and BMI of the patients on the heterogeneity of the meta-analysis, showed that with the increase of the sample size, the prevalence of sexual dysfunction among women with metabolic syndrome decreases (p < 0.05). Moreover, the prevalence of sexual dysfunction among women with metabolic syndrome increases (p < 0.05) with the increase in the years of conducting studies and the mean of age of women with metabolic syndrome. Also, with increasing mean of BMI of female patients with metabolic syndrome, the prevalence of sexual dysfunction in these women also increases (p < 0.05). Female sexual dysfunction is a global health problem that can affect women's life to a great extent. Metabolic syndrome, which is a set of factors such as obesity, high blood pressure, and diabetes, affects sexual dysfunction in women. From this study, it can be concluded that there is a close relationship between metabolic syndrome and female sexual dysfunction.

Prevalence of sleep disturbance in patients with ankylosing spondylitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundAnkylosing Spondylitis (AS) patients face several challenges due to the nature of the disease and its physical and psychological complications. Sleep disorders are among the most important concerns. Sleep disorders can aggravate the signs and symptoms of the disease and ultimately reduce the quality of patients’ lives. This study uses a systematic review and meta-analysis to pool the reported prevalence of sleep disorders among AS patients.MethodsTo find related studies, the WoS, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Embase, and Google Scholar databases were systematically searched without a lower time limit. Heterogeneity among the identified studies was checked using the I2 index, and the Begg and Mazumdar correlation test examined the existence of published bias. Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (v.2) software was adopted to analyze the data.ResultsIn the review of 18 studies with a sample size of 5,840, the overall pooled prevalence of sleep disorders among AS patients based on the random effects method was found to be 53% (95% CI: 44.9–61). The highest and lowest prevalence was in Egypt at 90% and Australia at 19.2%, respectively. Our meta-regression results show that with the increase in ‘sample size’ and ‘year of publication’, the overall prevalence of sleep disorders in patients with AS decreases (p < 0.05).ConclusionThe results of the present study indicate a high and significant prevalence of sleep disorders among AS patients. Thus, health policymakers and healthcare providers must focus on timely diagnosis and effective educational and therapeutic interventions for the prevention and proper treatment of sleep disorders in this population of patients.

Associated factors and global adherence of cervical cancer screening in 2019: a systematic analysis and modelling study.

Cervical cancer screening is vital for its prevention. Adherence is a crucial indicator that implies the individual willingness to take cervical cancer screening. We aimed to estimate the global and regional adherence rates of cervical cancer screening in 2019 and identify its associated factors among general women. We searched studies in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Database, ProQuest theses database and Google Web, without a lower time limit and until 23 June, 2021. Survey studies were considered eligible if they investigated cervical cancer screening adherence among general women, with data on sample size, the number of adherent subjects, and/or adherence rate. Random-effects were used to pool the odds ratios (ORs) of associated factors of adherence. Using modelling analysis, we estimated 2019 overall and age-specific adherence rates at the global and regional levels in women aged 20-69 years. Eight thousand two hundred ninety records were identified, and 153 articles were included. Being married (vs not married: OR, 1.34; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.23-1.46), higher educational attainment (higher than high school vs less than high school: OR, 1.44; 95% CI: 1.35-1.53), having healthcare (OR, 1.64; 95% CI: 1.43-1.88), former smoking (OR, 1.20; 95% CI: 1.07-1.34), physical activity (OR, 1.19; 95% CI: 1.05-1.36), parity (OR, 1.07; 95% CI: 1.01-1.12), and chronic disease (OR, 1.17; 95% CI: 1.04-1.32) were associated with better adherence, whereas obesity (vs normal: OR, 0.85; 95% CI: 0.74-0.97) and current smoking (vs former/never: OR, 0.64; 95% CI: 0.54-0.76) were associated with worse adherence. In 2019, the adherence was at 33.66% (95% CI: 23.34-39.30%) worldwide, and was higher in high-income countries (HICs) (75.66, 95% CI: 66.74-82.81%) than in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) (24.91, 95% CI: 14.30-30.24%). It varied across regions, the highest in the European region (65.36, 95% CI: 55.40-74.19%), but the lowest in the African region (5.28, 95% CI: 3.43-8.03%). Cervical cancer screening adherence remained low globally, exhibiting geographical discrepancy with HICs higher than LMICs. Further implementations of screening programs should comprehensively consider the local economy, social benefits, and demographic structure to adapt delivery for vulnerable or underserved women to boost screening adherence.

Global prevalence of chronic fatigue syndrome among long COVID-19 patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundChronic fatigue syndrome is a persistent and debilitating disorder. According to several studies, chronic fatigue syndrome has been identified among recovered COVID-19 patients as the most common symptom of long COVID. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis study was to obtain the prevalence of chronic fatigue syndrome in long COVID cases.MethodsIn this systematic review and meta-analysis, we analysed reported results of studies that assessed the occurrence of chronic fatigue syndrome among COVID-19 patients four weeks after the onset of symptoms. The study selection was commenced by searching PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, Scopus, Embase, and Google scholar using the keywords of Chronic fatigue syndrome, COVID-19, and post-COVID-19 syndrome. The searches were without a lower time limit and until April 2022. Heterogeneity of studies was assessed using the I2 index, and a random effects model was used for analysis. Data analysis was performed within the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software (version 2).ResultsThe pooled prevalence of chronic fatigue syndrome four weeks after the onset of COVID-19 symptoms, in 52 studies with a sample size of 127,117, was 45.2% (95% CI: 34.1-56.9%). Meta-regression analysis in examining the effects of the two factors of sample size, and year of study on the changes in the overall prevalence, showed that with increasing sample size, and year of study, the prevalence of chronic fatigue syndrome among long COVID patients (p < 0.05).ConclusionOur results show that the overall prevalence of chronic fatigue syndrome as a long COVID symptom is 45.2%. Chronic fatigue after infection with COVID-19 can negatively affect personal and social lives. Given such significant negative consequences caused by the syndrome, it is recommended that health policymakers allocate funds to reduce the adverse effects of this syndrome, by creating programs to support long COVID patients.

ERCC2 rs13181 Polymorphism Association with Glioma Risk: an Update Meta-Analysis.

Glioma is the most common type of primary brain tumour which accounts for about 30% of all brain and central nervous system tumours, and approximately 70% of adult malignant brain tumours. Numerous studies have been performed to assess the relationship between ERCC2 rs13181 polymorphism and the risk of glioma development, yet these findings of these studies are often inconsistent and contradictory. Therefore, the aim of this study is to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the role of ERCC2 rs13181 in glioma developing. In this work, we have conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis. In order to collect the results of relevant studies on the association of ERCC2 rs13181 gene polymorphism with glioma, we initially searched the Scopus, Embase, Web of Science (WoS), PubMed, and ScienceDirect databases, without a lower time limit, and until June 2020. In order to analyse the eligible studies, the random effects model was used and the heterogeneity of the studies was investigated with the I 2 index. Data analysis was performed within the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software (version 2). The total number of studies that focused on patients with glioma was 10. The odds ratio of GG vs TT genotype in patients with glioma based on meta-analysis was 1.08 (0.85-1.37: 95% confidence interval), which indicates the increasing effect of GG vs TT genotype by 0.08. The odds ratio of GG + TG vs TT genotype in patients with glioma was 1.22 (1.38-1.7: 95% confidence interval) based on meta-analysis, which indicates the increasing effect of GG + TG vs TT genotype as 0.22. The odds ratio of TG vs TT genotype in patients with glioma was 1.2 (0.38-1.4: 95% confidence interval), which shows the increasing effect of TG vs TT genotype by 0.2. The odds ratio of G vs T genotype in patients with glioma based on the meta-analysis was 1.15 (1.26-1.4: 95% confidence interval), which indicates the increasing effect of G vs T genotype by 0.15. The odds ratio of GG vs TG + TT genotype in patients with glioma based on meta-analysis was 1.22 (1.33-1.45: 95% confidence interval), which indicates the increasing effect of GG vs TG + TT genotype by 0.22. The results of this systematic review and meta-analysis show that ERCC2 rs13181 polymorphism and its genotypes are an important risk factor for genetic susceptibility to glioma tumour.

The effect prophylactic internal iliac artery balloon occlusion in patients with placenta previa or placental accreta spectrum: a systematic review and meta\u2010analysis

BackgroundPlacenta previa describes a placenta that extends partially or completely over the internal cervical oss. Placenta previa is one of the leading causes of widespread postpartum hemorrhage and maternal mortality worldwide. Another cause of bleeding in pregnant women is Placenta accreta spectrum. Therefore, the aim of the present systematic review and meta-analysis is to determine the effect of prophylactic balloon occlusion of the internal iliac arteries in patients with placenta previa or placental accreta spectrum (PAS).MethodsIn this systematic review and meta-analysis, to identify and select relevant studies, the SID, MagIran, ScienceDirect, Embase, Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases were searched, using the keywords of internal iliac artery balloon, placenta, previa, balloon, accreta, increta and percreta, without a lower time limit and until 2020. The heterogeneity of the studies was examined using the I2 index, and subsequently a random effects model was applied. Data analysis was performed within the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software (version 2).ResultsIn the review of 29 articles with a total sample size of 1140 in the control group, and 1225 in the balloon occlusion group, the mean difference between the two groups was calculated in terms of Intraoperative blood loss index (mL) and it was derived as 3.21 ± 0.38; moreover, in 15 studies with a sample size of 887 in the control group, and 760 in the balloon occlusion group, the mean difference between the two groups in terms of gestation index (weeks) was found as 2.84 ± 0.49; and also with regards to hysterectomy balloon occlusion after prophylactic closure of the iliac artery, hysterectomy (%) balloon occlusion was calculated as 8.9 %, and this, in the hysterectomy control group (%) was obtained as 31.2 %; these differences were statistically significant and showed a positive effect of the intervention (P < 0.05).ConclusionThe results of this study show that the use of prophylactic internal iliac artery balloon occlusion in patients with placenta previa or Placenta accreta spectrum has benefits such as reduced intraoperative blood loss, reduced hysterectomy and increased gestation (weeks), which can be considered by midwives and obstetricians.

The effect of polymorphisms (174G> C and 572C> G) on the Interleukin-6 gene in coronary artery disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundCoronary Artery Disease (CAD) is caused by the blockage of the coronary arteries. it is argued that there has an association between the Interleukin-6 gene and the occurrence of atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, Due to the short half-life and high variability of Interleukin-6 (IL-6), limited studies have been performed on the association of serum levels of interleukin-6 with coronary artery disease. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between IL-6 gene polymorphisms and coronary artery disease.MethodsThis study was conducted as a meta-analysis of selected articles with no lower time limit and upto March 2020. Articles related to the subject were obtained by searching several data sources,such as the SID, IranDoc, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science (ISI), PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar databases. The heterogeneity of the studies was assessed using the I2 index in the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software.ResultsThe GG genotype of the IL-6174 G> C polymorphism with a 0.8 odds ratio tended to reduce the risk of CAD by 20%. The odds ratio of CAD in CG and GG genotypes were found to be 1.16 and 1.48 times respectively, indicating the increasing effect of these two genotypes. In the IL-6-572 C>G polymorphism, CG and GG genotypes increased the risk of CAD by 1.21 and 1.27 times respectively, and the CC genotype tended to reduce the risk of CAD by 15%, considering the odds ratio of 0.85.ConclusionThis study showed a relationship between IL-6174G> C and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) 572 C>G genes and coronary artery disease. Moreover, the protective effects of GG genotype in IL-6 gene 174 G> C and CC genotype in IL-6 gene 572 C>G gene were reported. The study also confirmed that the CG and CC genotypes of the G>C IL-6174 gene have an increasing effect on coronary artery disease. Moreover, CG and GG genotypes in the IL-6 gene 572 C>G increased the risk of developing CAD. It should be noted that the increased risk of developing CAD was limited to meta-analytic studies in reported literatures.

Measuring self-confidence in workplace settings: A conceptual and methodological review of measures of self-confidence, self-efficacy and self-esteem

Coaching is often used to improve self-confidence however little is known about how self-confidence is measured. For practitioners looking to evaluate their work, being able to measure self-confidence is key. This systematic review presents findings from a conceptual and methodological review of measures of self-confidence, self-efficacy and self-esteem and considers their use in workplace settings. Three databases (EBSCOhost business source premier, Proquest ABI/INFORM Collection and ASSIA and PsycINFO) were searched to retrieve empirical studies published up until 2017, with no lower time limit. A search of theses and dissertations was also conducted. 15 papers met the inclusion criteria providing the development and properties of 15 different measures of self-confidence. The conceptual review included a thematic analysis of the items across all measures and Skinner’s (1981) validity evidence framework was chosen to underpin the methodological review. A number of conceptual and methodological limitations of the available measures were noted. The available measures do not comprehensively measure the construct of self-confidence. Furthermore, they are limited in their design and development, their psychometric properties and validity in a workplace setting. We conclude that current measures are unlikely to measure self-confidence effectively within workplace settings and make recommendations for future developments.

The worldwide prevalence of the Dupuytren disease: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundThe Dupuytren disease is a benign fibroproliferative disorder that leads to the formation of the collagen knots and fibres in the palmar fascia. The previous studies reveal different levels of Dupuytren’s prevalence worldwide; hence, this study uses meta-analysis to approximate the prevalence of Dupuytren globally.MethodsIn this study, systematic review and meta-analysis have been conducted on the previous studies focused on the prevalence of the Dupuytren disease. The search keywords were Prevalence, Prevalent, Epidemiology, Dupuytren Contracture, Dupuytren and Incidence. Subsequently, SID, MagIran, ScienceDirect, Embase, Scopus, PubMed and Web of Science databases and Google Scholar search engine were searched without a lower time limit and until June 2020. In order to analyse reliable studies, the stochastic effects model was used and the I2 index was applied to test the heterogeneity of the selected studies. Data analysis was performed within the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Software version 2.0.ResultsBy evaluating 85 studies (10 in Asia, 56 in Europe, 2 in Africa and 17 studies in America) with a total sample size of 6628506 individuals, the prevalence of Dupuytren disease in the world is found as 8.2% (95% CI 5.7–11.7%). The highest prevalence rate is reported in Africa with 17.2% (95% CI 13–22.3%). According to the subgroup analysis, in terms of underlying diseases, the highest prevalence was obtained in patients with type 1 diabetes with 34.1% (95% CI 25–44.6%). The results of meta-regression revealed a decreasing trend in the prevalence of Dupuytren disease by increasing the sample size and the research year (P < 0.05).ConclusionThe results of this study show that the prevalence of Dupuytren disease is particularly higher in alcoholic patients with diabetes. Therefore, the officials of the World Health Organization should design measures for the prevention and treatment of this disease.

Evaluation of skin lesions in diabetic patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Prevalence of skin lesions among diabetic patients is a major health concern. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis study was conducted to determine the prevalence of skin lesions in diabetic patients. To identify and select relevant articles, the SID, MagIran, IranMedex, IranDoc, Google Scholar, Cochrane, Embase, ScienceDirect, Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science (WoS) databases were searched without a lower time limit and until April 2020. The random effects model was used to perform the analysis, and the heterogeneity of studies was assessed using the I2 index. Data were analyzed within the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (Version 2) software. After evaluating the 22 final articles with a total sample size of 8406, the prevalence of skin lesions among diabetes patients were found as 70.3% (95% CI: 63-76.7%). Moreover, according to the meta-regression analysis, the effect of 'sample size' on th prevalence of skin lesions was significantly different in diabetes patients (p< 0.05). The results of this study show that skin lesions are common in diabetes patients. Therefore, appropriate policies needs to be adopted to improve the situation and to monitor patients and outcomes at all levels.

The effect of acceptance and commitment therapy on insomnia and sleep quality: A systematic review

BackgroundAcceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), as a type of behavioral therapy, attempts to respond to changes in people’s performance and their relationship to events. ACT can affect sleep quality by providing techniques to enhance the flexibility of patients’ thoughts, yet maintaining mindfullness. Therefore, for the first time, a systematic review on the effects of ACT on sleep quality has been conducted.MethodsThis systematic review was performed to determine the effect of ACT on insomnia and sleep quality. To collect articles, the PubMed, Web of Science (WOS), Cochrane library, Embase, Scopus, Science Direct, ProQuest, Mag Iran, Irandoc, and Google Scholar databases were searched, without a lower time-limit, and until April 2020.ResultsRelated articles were derived from 9 research repositories, with no lower time-limit and until April 2020. After assessing 1409 collected studies, 278 repetitive studies were excluded. Moreover, following the primary and secondary evaluations of the remaining articles, 1112 other studies were removed, and finally a total of 19 intervention studies were included in the systematic review process. Within the remaining articles, a sample of 1577 people had been assessed for insomnia and sleep quality.ConclusionThe results of this study indicate that ACT has a significant effect on primary and comorbid insomnia and sleep quality, and therefore, it can be used as an appropriate treatment method to control and improve insomnia.

Prevalence of stress, anxiety, depression among the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on public mental health. Therefore, monitoring and oversight of the population mental health during crises such as a panedmic is an immediate priority. The aim of this study is to analyze the existing research works and findings in relation to the prevalence of stress, anxiety and depression in the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodIn this systematic review and meta-analysis, articles that have focused on stress and anxiety prevalence among the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic were searched in the Science Direct, Embase, Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science (ISI) and Google Scholar databases, without a lower time limit and until May 2020. In order to perform a meta-analysis of the collected studies, the random effects model was used, and the heterogeneity of studies was investigated using the I2 index. Moreover. data analysis was conducted using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) software.ResultsThe prevalence of stress in 5 studies with a total sample size of 9074 is obtained as 29.6% (95% confidence limit: 24.3–35.4), the prevalence of anxiety in 17 studies with a sample size of 63,439 as 31.9% (95% confidence interval: 27.5–36.7), and the prevalence of depression in 14 studies with a sample size of 44,531 people as 33.7% (95% confidence interval: 27.5–40.6).ConclusionCOVID-19 not only causes physical health concerns but also results in a number of psychological disorders. The spread of the new coronavirus can impact the mental health of people in different communities. Thus, it is essential to preserve the mental health of individuals and to develop psychological interventions that can improve the mental health of vulnerable groups during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Photon-count fluctuations exhibit inverse-square baseband spectral behavior that extends to &lt;1μHz

A broad variety of light sources exhibit photon-count fluctuations that display inverse-square spectral behavior at extremely low frequencies. These sources include light-emitting diodes, superluminescent diodes, laser diodes, incandescent sources, and betaluminescent sources. In a series of experiments carried out over an 18-month period, the photon-count fluctuations for these sources were found to exhibit a $1/f^2$ spectral signature over the frequency range $1.0 \times 10^{-6} \le f \le 5.0 \times 10^{-4}$ Hz, corresponding to $33$ min $ \le T_f \le 11.6$ d, where $T_f \equiv 1/f$. The lower time limit is established by the photodetector noise floor while the upper time limit is determined by the duration of the individual experiments. Scalograms computed from our data are consistent with the periodograms. The universal character of this inverse-square baseband spectral behavior stands in sharp contrast to the optical spectra of these sources, which differ markedly. Time traces of the photon-count fluctuations are examined to shed light on the origin of this enigmatic spectral behavior.

Post-mortem chemical excitability of the iris should not be used for forensic death time diagnosis.

Post-mortem chemical excitability of the iris is one of the non-temperature-based methods in forensic diagnosis of the time since death. Although several authors reported on their findings, using different measurement methods, currently used time limits are based on a single dissertation which has recently been doubted to be applicable for forensic purpose. We investigated changes in pupil-iris ratio after application of acetylcholine (n = 79) or tropicamide (n = 58) and in controls at upper and lower time limits that are suggested in the current literature, using a digital photography-based measurement method with excellent reliability. We observed "positive," "negative," and "paradox" reactions in both intervention and control conditions at all investigated post-mortem time points, suggesting spontaneous changes in pupil size to be causative for the finding. According to our observations, post-mortem chemical excitability of the iris should not be used in forensic death time estimation, as results may cause false conclusions regarding the correct time point of death and might therefore be strongly misleading.

Природа циркона в габбро Волковского массива (Средний Урал): проблема возраста и геохронологические следствия

The article presents new isotope-geochemical data on zircon from gabbronorites of the Volkovsky massif in the Middle Urals. The massif is a complex combination of different rock associations - from ultramafic rocks to syenites and quartz diorites, whose geological and geochronological ratios are not well-defined yet. The most widespread in the massif are gabbroids, which form three blocks - the Central, Western and Southern ones. This massif is associated with: 1) industrial deposit of copper-iron-vanadium ores and 2) gold-palladium mineralization of low sulfide type. Gabbronorites, which form peripheral parts of the gabbro blocks and in some cases form dykes among olivine gabbro, have a dual relationship with mineralization. They are host for copper-iron-vanadium type and postmineral concerning the gold-palladium mineralization localized in ultramafic rocks and olivine gabbro of the Southern block. The comprehensive study of zircon (its morphology, internal structure, U-Pb age, and silicate inclusions) has shown that in gabbronorites of the Volkovsky massif, zircon aged 427.5 ± 5.3 Ma and 428 ± 7 Ma, extracted from two different samples, contains the same set of polymineral inclusions, alien to the hosting rocks. The composition of inclusions (plagioclase ( An 21), biotite (f = 0.49-0.56), quartz and apatite) corresponds to gneiss or plagiogranite. However, the zircon, according to its morphology, internal structure and age characteristics is similar to that from metamorphic rocks of the dynamothermal halo of gabbro-ultramafic bodies. This suggests that the zircon in gabbronorites of the Volkovsky massif could be borrowed from the surrounding metamorphic rocks, and therefore, the gabbronorite intrusion occurred when high-temperature metamorphic rocks of the dynamothermal halo had already existed and might have undergone anatexis and retrogressive metamorphism of amphibolite facies. The zircon age (≈427 Ma) limits the lower time limit of the formation of gabbronorite intersecting olivine gabbro of the Volkovsky massif, and may be close to the time of the formation of copper-iron-vanadium and gold-palladium mineralization type controlled by the reaction processes between gabbronorites and olivine gabbro.

Resilience through the lens of interactionism: a systematic review.

This systematic review presents findings from a conceptual and methodological review of resilience measures using an interactionist theoretical framework. The review is also intended to update findings from previous systematic reviews. Two databases (EBSCOHost and Scopus) were searched to retrieve empirical studies published up until 2013, with no lower time limit. All articles had to meet specific inclusion criteria, which resulted in 17 resilience measures selected for full review. Measures were conceptually evaluated against an interactionist framework and methodologically reviewed using Skinner's (1981) validity evidence framework. We conclude that inconsistencies associated with the definition and operationalization of resilience warrant further conceptual development to explain resilience as a dynamic and interactive phenomenon. In particular, measures of resilience may benefit from a greater focus on within-person variance typically associated with behavioral consistency across situations. The use of alternative measurement modalities to self-report scales, such as situational judgment tests, is proposed as a way of advancing knowledge in this area.