Low-skilled Jobs Research Articles

Innovative approaches to measuring and promoting employee vitality and sustainable employability

Abstract Background Employers find it difficult to develop interventions for vitality and sustainable employability (SE), particularly for employees in low-skilled jobs. Measures based on the employee perspective on SE that would give direction to interventions fall short, and effective programs to improve vitality and SE in this group are lacking. This study aims (1) to get insight into the effect and implementation of an innovative organizational, dialogue-based approach ‘Healthy HR’ (HHR)* to promote job control and SE, and (2) to refine and further validate the Maastricht Instrument for SE (MAISE)-Easy (an HHR tool for needs assessment). Methods (1) An effect evaluation with a pretest-posttest design with a 1 year follow up (N = 71), and a mixed-methods process evaluation were conducted. Data were collected using questionnaires, interviews with employees and employers (N = 26), focus groups (N = 4) and logbooks. (2) A questionnaire containing the MAISE-Easy-items, proxy variables (health and vitality) and demographics was answered by 1223 employees from 7 organizations. Construct validity, reliability and criterion validity were tested through PCA, CFA, Cronbach’s alpha and correlations. Results (1) A higher dose of HHR resulted in better job control and SE (n.s.). HHR had a positive impact on the awareness level of vitality and healthy workplaces of all stakeholders. (2) Reliability, construct and criterion validity of the MAISE-Easy were good, and MAISE-Easy 2.0 was constructed. This tool consists of 8 scales and 20 items divided over 4 areas: (1) Level of SE; (2) Factors affecting my SE; (3) Overall responsibility for SE; and (4) Responsibility for factors affecting my SE. Conclusions MAISE-Easy 2.0 is a valuable, valid and reliable tool in HHR which serves as a needs assessment for SE interventions. The innovative participatory approach HHR can improve job control and SE of employees in low-skilled jobs by giving them an active voice. *doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-11278-7 Key messages • Healthy HR (HHR) is an effective, organisational dialogue-based approach (online toolkit) to promote job control, vitality and sustainable employability (SE) of employees in low-skilled jobs. • MAISE-Easy-2.0 (Maastricht Instrument for SE) is a new and thoroughly validated HHR tool for needs assessment, which measures SE and the responsibility for SE from the employee perspective.

Injury risk in foreign workers: a proposal for a prevention plan in South Tuscany

Abstract Background There are nearly 2.3 million foreign workers in Italy, many of whom hold low-skilled and heavy jobs that expose them to greater safety risks. The aim of the study is to analyze data on the accident phenomenon by using information flows from the national work accident insurance institute, in order to ensure a safe and inclusive work environment. Methods The total number of foreign workers’ accidents in the South Tuscany during the five-year period 2017-2021 was quantified. General injury trend was assessed, breaking down the events by province (Siena, Arezzo, Grosseto), year of occurrence and severity. We analyzed the events by nationality of the injured ones and by severity of compartment. Results A total of 38,254 occupational accidents were recorded, of which 6,172 (16.13%) occurred to foreign workers. Compared to the incidence of foreigners residing in the reference territory, the accident figure is 16.13% out of the 10.5% resident population. The majority involve people from Eastern Europe (60.8%). The most representative nationalities are: Romania (1,477 events), Albania (1,022), Morocco (404), Macedonia (341), Kosovo (264), Tunisia (190) and India (170). Romanian workers are the population most affected by occupational injuries in Southeast Tuscany with 1,477 events. Agriculture is the predominant sector with 17.7% of total injuries. Conclusions Information flows on foreign workers’ accidents is the starting point for specific design of prevention plans (supervision, assistance, research, information and training, awareness raising) aimed at reducing specific accident risk factors. Language and cultural differences represent an element of possible conditioning of risk perception, which must be considered in an effective design of safety training courses for foreigners. Key messages • The study of accident information flows of foreign workers provides the basis for specific design of prevention plans in order to reduce accident risk factors. • Language and cultural differences must be considered in an effective design of safety training courses for foreigners.

The hidden abode of artificial intelligence production: Stretching the limits of artificial intelligence ethics and critique

The present article aims to discuss the possibility of including the sphere of artificial intelligence production within the domain of artificial intelligence ethics and investigate its moral implications. In the first section, the role of human labour in the artificial intelligence production processes is considered, with particular reference to the distinction between high-skilled and low-skilled jobs, their differential distribution in the production process itself, and the labour conditions of ghost workers, in order to analyse the main ethical issues emerging within the field. In the second section, some aspects of the existing critical literature concerning artificial intelligence and labour are discussed, focusing on Marxist and decolonial scholarship and more precisely on its lack of consideration of the global value chain through which artificial intelligence AI production processes are structured. Finally, the possibility and limits of an ethics of artificial intelligence production are reconsidered by assuming the centrality of workers’ struggles and agency along artificial intelligence's global value chain.

Divergent rhythms of motherhood. Patterns of paid and unpaid work and domestic outsourcing among mothers in the United Kingdom and Western Germany

Objective: This article investigates class differences in mothers’ daily organization of paid and unpaid work, and how they are associated with domestic outsourcing in the United Kingdom and Western Germany. Background: Operating hours of schools and daycare facilities often conflict with long working hours in high-skilled jobs and nonstandard working hours in low-skilled jobs. However, little is known on whether advantaged mothers rely on domestic outsourcing to resolve such scheduling conflicts, and how disadvantaged mothers reconcile their daily care responsibilities with paid work, depending on the welfare state context. Method: The study uses sequence and cluster analyses on time-use data to identify typical patterns of paid and unpaid work (N=1,947). Regression models predict how these patterns differ by the mothers’ education and household income, and how they are associated with outsourcing housework and childcare. Results: In both contexts, disadvantaged mothers were more likely to have unpaid workdays rather than nonstandard workdays. However, British advantaged mothers were considerably more likely to outsource childcare to pursue standard workdays. By contrast, the pattern of partial workdays in the morning, combined with more unpaid work allocation, prevailed among Western German mothers. Conclusion: In the United Kingdom, more market-oriented as opposed to conservative family policies, stronger labor market deregulation, and more consistent policy incentives for domestic outsourcing seem more effective than in Western Germany in promoting advantaged mothers’ careers. However, this comes at the expense of greater class differences in how mothers organize their time.

Meaningful work through craft: how workers in low-skilled roles engage in anomalous craft to gain autonomy and receive recognition

Meaningful work is work that offers a degree of autonomy and the opportunity to receive recognition from others. It is traditionally associated with highly skilled work whereas low-skilled jobs are often equated with meaningless work. Previous research assumes that workers in low-skilled roles have little access to the autonomy or recognition characteristic of highly skilled labour. Rather it suggests that in their efforts to make their working lives more tolerable, such workers are limited to either discursively reframing the significance of their roles or engaging in acts of resistance against the organisation. In this paper, based on an eight-month ethnographic study of a mould-producing company in France, we identify three processes through which workers in low-skilled roles find temporal opportunities to engage in anomalous craft where latent or underused craft skills and attitudes are utilised to enable them to work more autonomously and earn recognition from peers and supervisors rendering their work more meaningful. Our work offers insights into how workers can use craft to activate or re-establish meaning in contexts where work has been stripped of significance.

Aspiration and Capability to Aspire: How Do French Institutions Affect Socio-Occupational Groups?

ABSTRACT How do workers in low-skilled jobs picture their futures? How are aspirations for career reorientation activated? What influence do institutions have on the objectives that individuals pursue? How do various socio-occupational groups approach and manage their future? What are the major differences between skilled and low-skilled workers? These are some of the questions raised after a series of reforms passed in France that aim to make all individuals the genuine agents of their professional lives and pathways rather than being the passive focus of training programmes and employability initiatives. This paper seeks to investigate these issues. Based on Sen's capability approach and the French linked and longitudinal Defis surveys, we contend that French low-skilled workers are more likely to aspire to career reorientation but have less capability to aspire.

Digital Competence of Young Adults in Poland

Digital transformation is a challenge for many areas of modern society functioning. The effects of digitalisation are particularly noticeable in the labour market and are expressed, among others, in new requirements of employers both for professionally active people and those entering the labour market. Technological advances and automation are reducing the number of low skilled jobs. Moreover, employees are required to be more flexible. As a consequence, there is a need to adapt to changing trends in the labour market, and to constantly learn and acquire new competences, including digital competences. This paper aims to identify vulnerabilities regarding digital competences and their determinants amongst young adults in Poland. Furthermore, detailed objectives were defined: (1) assessment of the level of digital competences of young adults in Poland; (2) identification of the gaps in this area; (3) identification of factors differentiating the level of digital competences. The catalogue of competences under study was taken from the European Digital Competence Framework, which includes 21 digital competences grouped into five areas: (information and data literacy; communication and collaboration; digital content creation; safety; problem solving). To achieve the objective, a nationwide survey was conducted. The sample consisted of 1,000 young adult respondents (aged 18–30), with at least secondary education, selected by quotas from panel participants. The research methods used statistical analysis, including descriptive statistics, regression modelling (stepwise regression), as well as t-tests for independent samples, and One-Way ANOVA. Research results indicate that digital competences of young adults vary depending on the area. The respondents are aware of their insufficient skills, especially in the area of digital content creation (skills connected with programming). A relatively considerable share of individuals have no intention of acquiring these competences as part of lifelong learning. Self assessment of competences also indicates that their level differs due to individuals’ gender, age, level of education, and profile of education.

Not a good fit? The roles of aesthetic labour, gender, race, Indigeneity, and citizenship in food service employment

Abstract Companies and business lobby groups bemoan a lack of qualified workers, even for entry-level or low-skill jobs. At issue is a stated inability to find workers with the right ‘fit’ for the role or business. But what does fit really mean? We draw on human capital theory and labour segmentation theory to examine how perceptions of fit are shaped. We conducted ninety-three interviews with food service workers, managers, and other industry stakeholders and found that employment decisions are shaped by stereotypes, with a particular focus on ‘pretty privilege’ or aesthetic labour, as well as Indigeneity, citizenship, race, and gender. We present implications for research and practice in the food services industry.

Impact of Immigration Policies on Economic Growth in Germany

Purpose: To aim of the study was to analyze the impact of immigration policies on economic growth in Germany. Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: Germany's immigration policies have had a significant impact on its economic growth. These policies have facilitated the influx of skilled labor, which has helped to address the country's demographic challenges, particularly the aging population and labor shortages in key sectors. Immigrants have contributed to the labor market by filling both high-skilled and low-skilled jobs, boosting productivity and innovation. Additionally, immigration has increased consumer demand, further stimulating economic growth. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Human capital theory, dual labor market theory & endogenous growth theory may be used to anchor future studies on the impact of immigration policies on economic growth in Germany. Implement comprehensive language and vocational training programs for refugees and low-skilled immigrants to facilitate their economic integration and productivity. Formulate balanced immigration policies that address sector-specific labor demands without disadvantaging native workers.

Examining the Social Consequences of Automation and Artificial Intelligence in Industrial Management

This article examines the social consequences of automation and artificial intelligence (AI) in industrial management, drawing on the findings of Damioli, Van Rooy, and Vertsy’s (2021) study on the impact of AI on labor productivity. The integration of AI technologies in industrial settings has led to significant improvements in efficiency and productivity. However, these advancements come with substantial social implications that affect both the workforce and broader societal structures. Internally, automation and AI have shifted the demand from low-skilled to high-skilled labor, necessitating ongoing education and skill development for employees. Additionally, the reliance on AI for managerial decisions raises ethical concerns regarding algorithmic biases and the potential erosion of human judgment.Externally, the broader societal impact includes economic disparities, as regions with a high concentration of low-skilled jobs experience greater unemployment and underemployment. The displacement of workers due to automation presents challenges such as increased socio-economic divides and disruptions to community stability. Ethical considerations, including data privacy and security, are crucial to ensuring fair and responsible AI deployment. This article underscores the need for strategic collaboration between industry leaders, policymakers, and educational institutions to address these social consequences. By fostering an inclusive approach to technological advancement, it is possible to balance the productivity benefits of AI with the imperative to mitigate its adverse social impacts.

Recidivism, Labor Markets, and Prison Conditions: Evidence from Uruguay

What explains prison recidivism? Relying on previously unavailable data on prison inmates in Uruguay, we study how external factors, such as employment dynamics on labor-intensive low-skilled jobs, and internal, such as prison-related factors, affect recidivism. Whereas the literature on recidivism has mostly focused on developed countries, we bring its study to the developing world and find that greater employment opportunities in labor-intensive, low-skill sectors, such as construction and domestic services, reduce recidivism. Consistent with the logic of economic opportunities, we also find heterogeneous effects by type of crime (property vs non-property). Finally, we find that prison-specific factors are also relevant, pointing to the importance of understanding prisons as part of the illegal ecosystem and the crime repression system. This analysis is novel to Latin America, a region besieged by the growing influence of criminal organizations that usually extend their influence and power to prisons.

Exploring work ability, psychosocial job demands and resources of employees in low-skilled jobs: a German cross-sectional study

BackgroundExtending working lives due to labour market and pension regulations makes maintaining and promoting work ability necessary. The coronavirus pandemic has shown that employees in low-skilled jobs (no qualification required) contribute significantly to society and the economy. Research on these employees has been neglected in Germany for many decades despite demanding working conditions. Therefore, we investigate the relationship between low-skilled jobs and work ability. Moreover, we explore this relationship’s variation by psychosocial work demands and resources.MethodsWe use two waves of the German Study on Mental Health at Work (S-MGA). We calculate Ordinary-Least-Squares (OLS) regression models with pooled data (n = 6,050) to analyse the relationship between job requirement level and work ability. We also explore the contribution of job demands and resources on this relationship with interaction models. We use the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire (COPSOQ), to assess psychosocial work demands and resources.ResultsEmployees performing low-skilled jobs report significantly less work ability than those in medium- or high-skilled jobs. Interaction models show significantly greater work ability for employees in medium- and high-skilled jobs with high influence on their work (amount or tasks). Unexpectedly, employees in low-skilled jobs have lower work ability with more influence on their work. Furthermore, high role clarity, describing responsibility, authority and work goals, is associated with lower levels of work ability among employees in low-skilled jobs.ConclusionsThe moderating effect of role clarity on the work ability of employees in low-skilled jobs can possibly be attributed to skills mismatch and limited responsibility, as well as a lack of self-perceived collective purpose of the job. The moderation of the influence on work dimension supports results of previous studies. Too much job autonomy can have negative effects under certain circumstances and is therefore perceived as a job demand in some studies. Consequently, mechanisms concerning psychosocial work demands and resources must be investigated in further studies with different theoretical approaches. The imbalance of job demands and resources shows that employers should invest in preserving the work ability to prevent early exit from the labour market in an aging society.

Career Choice and Family Expectations of Individuals With Visual Impairments in Turkey: A Qualitative Study

Introduction: This study aimed to explore the career choice of individuals with blindness or low vision (i.e., visual impairments) and their experiences with the expectations of their families. In societies where family is important, family members can influence the career choices of individuals with visual impairments. Method: This study was carried out in 2022. The online interview method was chosen to collect data due to the difficulties in conducting face-to-face interviews during the COVID-19 pandemic. The participants were 18 adults with visual impairments. Their ages ranged from 22 to 36 years. Participants were asked about the role of their families in their career choices. They were also asked about their expectations from effective career counseling. The researcher used deductive thematic analysis. Results: Four themes emerged from these data: (a) work not school, (b) guaranteed jobs are good enough, (c) daughters should marry, and (d) discrepancies in expectations based on household income. Discussion: As in many low- and middle-income countries, people with visual impairments in Turkey are discouraged from continuing their education. With the exception of affluent families, participants were generally directed to guaranteed or low-skill jobs. Gender stereotypes of families were a career barrier for women with visual impairments. Implications for Practitioners: Because of the essential role played by family members of people with visual impairments in Turkey, career counselors should work with families for effective practice. It is also essential for career counselors to inform families about the education and employment rights of individuals with visual impairments.

Policy Instruments to Improve Foreign Workforce’s Position and Social Sustainability of the Agriculture in Italy

Agricultural employment in advanced economies has been suggestively described as a “short and step” pyramid with only limited opportunities for workers to climb to higher positions, especially when they belong to the most vulnerable categories, such as migrants. The presence of poor jobs and living conditions for temporary agricultural workers reported by mass media, trade unions, NGOs, and international observers contrasts dramatically with the idea of a modern and thriving sector, as the Italian agricultural sector should be, and it represents a challenge for the social concerns that have been alongside environmental ones in the definition of sustainability since the Brundtland Report released in 1987 by the World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED). Even mechanisation does not necessarily facilitate better working conditions. In fact, where the workforce is largely replaced by machineries, the remaining opportunities for paid workers are mainly for unskilled, physically demanding, and seasonal jobs. This has brought about the so-called “paradox of prosperity”, where the gap between farm and nonfarm workers in economically advanced countries has widened in terms of wages, benefits, and prospects for upward mobility. This in turn triggers a vicious circle with a structural lack of available workforce for the sector, which has been increasingly provided by migrants with very little bargaining power. On the other hand, the adoption of new technologies and digitalisation in agriculture is leading to an increasing demand for skilled workers, which often remains uncovered because of the low conditions offered. Against this background, the aim of our work is twofold. First, we characterise the role of the foreign workforce in relation to the structural changes in Italian agriculture and considering territorial differences. Second, we examine the main policy instruments to facilitate recruitment and tackle undeclared work and more specifically the Quality Agricultural Work Network (Rete del lavoro agricolo di qualità) launched in Italy in 2016 to tackle undeclared work and exploitative labour. We do so by conducting a literature review and semi-structured qualitative interviews with 16 farmers in Italy carried out in 2022 within the project Rural Social ACT funded by the Asylum, Migration, and Integration Fund (2021–2027). The results show that even though foreign workers are a key resource for agriculture in Italy, there remain severe recruitment issues and segregation in low-skilled and precarious jobs. Overall, it is necessary to improve the awareness of the key role of work in agriculture and to strengthen the effectiveness of tools to enhance the visibility of compliant farms. So far (January 2024), only 6600 farms have joined the Quality Agricultural Work Network, with an overall modest enthusiasm from the farmers interviewed about its current effectiveness. Other instruments are explored such as employee sharing contracts, and there clearly emerges a need for public support of professional training through the Common Agricultural Policy to improve both the bargaining power of foreign workers and the productivity of the sector.

Employment policy and unemployment problems in Georgia

Methods: The study of the labor market is based on the analysis of the data of the National Department of Statistics of Georgia and studies conducted by international organizations. In the research process, the methods of scientific abstraction were used – when defining the labor market and the essence of the concepts «unemployment» and «employment»; comparative analysis – when comparing the employment situation of the population of Georgia and some other countries; statistics – when determining the dynamics of the main indicators of the labor market. Results. The current state of the labor market in Georgia was analyzed and the dynamics of its main indicators for the period 2017–2023 were determined. The main problems in the field of employment of the Georgian economy were identified, which include incomplete use of labor resources, differentiation of population incomes, imbalance between demand and supply of professions. The analysis of the labor market in Georgia revealed that the majority of jobs in the national economy are created in industries that do not use modern technologies and, therefore, do not require highly qualified specialists; employees with a high level of qualification cannot find a job in their specialty for a long time, as a result of which they lose their qualifications or are forced to work in low-skilled jobs; the level of education received and real knowledge often turn out to be incompatible with each other. The components of state policy in the sphere of employment regulation are considered. A comparative analysis of this policy was carried out in such countries as: Georgia, Latvia, Estonia, Hungary, Austria. Prospects for increasing the effectiveness of employment policy in Georgia are outlined. Novelty. As a result of the study of the employment policy, it was found that its tools have different effects on solving the problem of unemployment with regard to the short-term and longterm periods. Job search assistance programs have been shown to have the same results in both the short and long term, while vocational training programs have been shown to perform much better in the medium and long term. Practical value. The results obtained during the research can be useful in the formation of employment policy at both the regional and state levels of the functioning of the national economy.

Effects of the three-child policy on the employment bias against professional women: evidence from 260 enterprises in Jiangxi province

AbstractBased on the samples from 260 enterprises in Jiangxi Province in 2022, this study examines the enterprises’ employment attitudes towards female employees from the perspective of HR managers. Through factor analysis, one-way analysis of variance, product-moment correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis, this study investigates the female employment bias and its underlying mechanism across five dimensions: employee change, career development bias, policy impact, job competency and gender bias. The research findings confirm the employment bias against professional women by employers. The study reveals that the implementation of China’s three-child policy has exacerbated employment bias against female employees, especially in male-dominated enterprises. It is therefore recommended to provide more preferential policies for such enterprises. Furthermore, job competency has a significant negative correlation with gender employment bias. Continuing education and skills training are effective measures for professional women of childbearing age, particularly those in low-skilled jobs. With the further implementation of the three-child policy, this study anticipates a more challenging employment or promotion prospects for professional women. This study has also indirectly confirmed the employment dilemma of professional women of childbearing age, indicating potential obstacles in achieving the intended outcomes of the three-child policy.

Economic Consequences of Mass Migration: The Venezuelan Exodus in Peru

We study the effects of an unexpected and large migration from Venezuela on Peruvian labor markets. From 2017 to 2019, about 800,000 Venezuelans migrated to Peru, with 84% settling in the Lima metropolitan area. The percentage of Venezuelans in the working age population in Lima increased from nearly 0 to over 10%, with migrants having higher education on average than the local labor force. We propose a simple assignment model of the labor market, which suggests that migration will lead to a reallocation of local workers toward low-skilled jobs. Using synthetic control methods and comparing Lima with a group of other Peruvian metropolitan areas, we find evidence of adjustment in occupational structure in the direction predicted by the model with few decreases in employment of local workers. JEL Classification Codes: F22; J04; O15

Strengthening the labour force participation of low-qualified individuals in Europe

This article addresses the labour market challenges faced by adults with low formal qualifications. While low-level formal qualifications are usually associated with a lower skill level, it is crucial to recognise the large heterogeneity of skills within the group of low-qualified individuals in all countries. Although better skills enhance the job opportunities of low-qualified workers, their lack of formal qualifications limits their job prospects, even if they are as skilled as more highly qualified workers. Their placement in low-skilled jobs has implications for their participation in further training. Limited access to adult training is primarily caused by employment in these low-skilled jobs rather than by differences in cognitive skills or motivation to learn. Policies should, therefore, focus on strategies that improve training opportunities in the workplace, and employers should consider modifying hiring methods to place greater weight on actual skills in addition to formal qualifications. Both approaches would, economically speaking, enable the utilisation of the existing skill potential of low-qualified adults and, socially, enhance the employment prospects of this group.

АНАЛІЗ СТАНУ СВІТОВОГО РИНКУ ПРАЦІ В УМОВАХ ГЛОБАЛЬНОЇ ДІДЖИТАЛІЗАЦІЇ

In the context of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, there is a continuous transformation of processes in the labor market. Digitalization of society affects the structure of the employment sector, when some professions become obsolete due to automation of work processes. At the same time, there is a demand for new competencies aimed at working in an online environment. The purpose of this article is to analyze current global economic and technological trends affecting the transformation of the labor market and the formation of new socio-economic relations in the context of the formation of the digital economy. The author draws attention to changes in the nature of work and forms of work activity, requirements for professional skills and abilities. It shows how changes related to the digitalization of the economy directly affect the issues of training and retraining of the most popular specialists. The article systematizes the main global trends in the labor market caused by the digitalization of the economy and the widespread introduction of Information Computer Technologies. In the course of the research, the author revealed that digitalization of the economy has the opposite impact on labor markets, leading to multidirectional processes in the medium term, which is expressed in the reduction of low-skilled jobs, an increase in the level of robotization of production, differentiation of forms of Organization of production, revision of types of economic relations. As a result of digital transformation in industry, it became possible to produce products with higher quality, and the human factor became less significant in many production and technology sectors. The negative consequences of digitalization include the disappearance of a large number of professions, the release of workers, and an increase in unemployment. The author concludes that digital inequality in regional labor markets, with its further development, may negatively affect ensuring the country's economic sovereignty. At the same time, the results of the study suggest that no automation can completely replace a person, so forecasting total unemployment due to the robotization of production is temporary.

SUSTAINABLE LIVELIHOODS FOR WOMEN IN UNORGANISED SECTOR: A STUDY OF HOME BASED WOMAN WORKERS IN DELHI

Woman empowerment and sustainable development are primarily co-related in one direction, and sustainable development alone can play an indispensable and pivotal role in reducing inequality between man and woman which is enshrined in SDG Goal-5; in the other direction. Empowering women may benefit in reducing poverty SDG Goal-1, contribute to better education for younger generation, over all health, nutrition and nourishment for those who rely on them (SDGs 2, 3 and 4). Equivalently, elimination of all forms of crime against women and girls (Target no. 5.2) are not only a prerequisite element of SDGs 5 but also crucial to enhancing healthy living and over all well-being for individuals of all ages (SDGs 3). The idea 'sustainable livelihoods' has been presented to define the integration of poverty reduction strategies, sustainable development in every direction, participation of all actors and empowerment process into a structure for policy and project analysis and planning. This research delves into the experiences of women in the unorganized sector, shedding light on their unique challenges and opportunities. The unorganized sector, characterized by informal and non-standard work arrangements, plays a significant role in many economies, particularly in developing countries. Within this sector, women form a substantial workforce, often engaging in low-skilled and precarious jobs. The study reveals the working circumstances and experiences of women who are home based worker. It examines how they balance their responsibilities as caregivers, wage workers, and homemakers while underlining the difficult balancing act they must have. However, the study reveals the numerous challenges faced by women in this sector. It highlights on issues such as low wages, limited job security, lack of social security benefits, and vulnerability to exploitation.