Lower Risk Of Stroke Mortality Research Articles

Nuts and Cardiovascular Disease Outcomes: A Review of the Evidence and Future Directions.

Nuts are nutrient-rich foods that contain many bioactive compounds that are beneficial for cardiovascular health. Higher consumption of nuts has been associated with a reduced risk of several cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in prospective cohort studies, including a 19% and 25% lower risk of CVD incidence and mortality, respectively, and a 24% and 27% lower risk of coronary heart disease incidence and mortality, respectively. An 18% lower risk of stroke mortality, a 15% lower risk of atrial fibrillation, and a 19% lower risk of total mortality have also been observed. The role of nuts in stroke incidence, stroke subtypes, peripheral arterial disease and heart failure has been less consistent. This narrative review summarizes recommendations for nuts by clinical practice guidelines and governmental organizations, epidemiological evidence for nuts and CVD outcomes, nut-containing dietary patterns, potential mechanisms of nuts and CVD risk reduction, and future research directions, such as the use of biomarkers to help better assess nut intake. Although there are still some uncertainties around nuts and CVD prevention which require further research, as summarized in this review, there is a substantial amount of evidence that supports that consuming nuts will have a positive impact on primary and secondary prevention of CVD.

Association between meat intake and mortality due to all-cause and major causes of death in a Japanese population.

We examined the association between meat intake and mortality due to all-cause and major causes of death using a population-based cohort study in Japan. 87,507 Japanese aged between 45 and 74 years old at 5-year follow-up study were followed for 14.0 years on average. Associations between meat intake and mortality risk were assessed using a Cox proportional hazards model. A heavy intake of total meat was associated with a higher risk of all-cause mortality relative to the lowest quartile intake in men (Q4: HR,1.18; 95%CIs, 1.06-1.31). A higher intake of total meat was associated with a lower risk of stroke mortality in women (Q2: HR, 0.70; 95%CIs, 0.51-0.94, Q3: HR, 0.68; 95%CIs, 0.50-0.95, Q4: HR, 0.66; 95%CIs, 0.44-0.99). A heavy intake of red meat was also associated with all-cause mortality (Q4: HR, 1.13; 95%CIs, 1.02-1.26) and heart disease mortality (Q4: HR, 1.51; 95%CIs, 1.11-2.06) in men but not in women. Heavy intake of chicken was inversely associated with cancer mortality in men. Heavy intakes of total and red meat were associated with an increase in all-cause and heart disease mortality in men, while total meat intake was associated with a lower risk of stroke mortality in women.

Relationship between carbohydrate and dietary fibre intake and the risk of cardiovascular disease mortality in Japanese: 24-year follow-up of NIPPON DATA80.

The association between carbohydrate intake and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk has been investigated, but whether the quality of carbohydrate is more important than its amount is not known. We examined the associations between intake of dietary fibre (DF), carbohydrate, available carbohydrate, and starch with long-term CVD mortality in a Japanese population. We prospectively followed 8925 participants (3916 men and 5009 women) aged 30-79 years without CVD at baseline who participated in the National Nutrition Survey in Japan. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for CVD mortality by quartiles of exposure variables. During 24 years of follow-up, 823 CVD deaths were observed. In men, the multivariable-adjusted HR for CVD mortality was lower in the highest quartile of DF intake (HR: 0.64; 95% CI: 0.47-0.87; Ptrend = 0.007) compared with the lowest quartile. This association was not significant in women. Multivariable-adjusted HR for total stroke mortality was lower in the highest quartile of DF intake (HR: 0.61; 95% CI: 0.38-0.98; Ptrend = 0.046) compared with the lowest quartile in women. Carbohydrate, available carbohydrate, and starch intake were not associated with CVD mortality. Higher intake of DF was associated significantly with a lower risk of CVD mortality in men and lower risk of stroke mortality in women. Intake of carbohydrate, available carbohydrate, and starch were not associated with the risk of CVD mortality in men or women.

Cardiorespiratory fitness and stroke mortality in men.

We examined the association between cardiorespiratory fitness and stroke mortality in men. This is a prospective cohort study. We followed 16,878 men, ages 40-87 yr, who had a complete medical evaluation including a maximal treadmill exercise test and self-reported health habits. There were 32 stroke deaths during an average of 10 yr of follow-up (167,961 man-yr). After adjustment for age and examination year, there was an inverse association between cardiorespiratory fitness and stroke mortality (P = 0.005 for trend). This association remained after further adjustment for cigarette smoking, alcohol intake, body mass index, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and parental history of coronary heart disease (P = 0.02 for trend). High-fit men (most fit 40%) had 68% (95% CI: 0.12, 0.82) and moderate-fit men had 63% (95% CI: 0.17, 0.83) lower risk of stroke mortality when compared with low-fit men (least fit 20%), respectively. Moderate and high levels of cardiorespiratory fitness were associated with lower risk of stroke mortality in men in the Aerobics Center Longitudinal study population.

Cardiorespiratory fitness and stroke mortality in men

LEE, C. D., and S. N. BLAIR. Cardiorespiratory fitness and stroke mortality in men. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., Vol. 34, No. 4, pp. 592–595, 2002. Purpose We examined the association between cardiorespiratory fitness and stroke mortality in men. Methods This is a prospective cohort study. We followed 16,878 men, ages 40–87 yr, who had a complete medical evaluation including a maximal treadmill exercise test and self-reported health habits. There were 32 stroke deaths during an average of 10 yr of follow-up (167,961 man-yr). Results After adjustment for age and examination year, there was an inverse association between cardiorespiratory fitness and stroke mortality (P = 0.005 for trend). This association remained after further adjustment for cigarette smoking, alcohol intake, body mass index, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and parental history of coronary heart disease (P = 0.02 for trend). High-fit men (most fit 40%) had 68% (95% CI: 0.12, 0.82) and moderate-fit men had 63% (95% CI: 0.17, 0.83) lower risk of stroke mortality when compared with low-fit men (least fit 20%), respectively. Conclusions Moderate and high levels of cardiorespiratory fitness were associated with lower risk of stroke mortality in men in the Aerobics Center Longitudinal study population.