Lower One-half Research Articles

Вплив стимуляторів росту на вкорінення живців самшиту вічнозеленого Buxus sempervirens L. в умовах закритого ґрунту

Наведено результати досліджень щодо регенераційної здатності самшиту вічнозеленого Buxus sempervirens L. за вегетативного розмноження методом живцювання залежно від впливу оброблення живців розчинами стимуляторів росту рослин (Гетероауксин, Корневін, Емістим С, Ростмомент та Епін) в умовах захищеного ґрунту Вінницького національного аграрного університету. Визначено відсоток вкорінення самшиту вічнозеленого залежно від виду стимулювального препарату. Досліджено вплив регуляторів росту рослин на особливості формування таких біометричних показників вкорінених живців, як висота надземної частини, кількість та довжина коренів, що є умовою розробки та вдосконалення методів ефективного розмноження самшиту вічнозеленого для потреб озеленення. Умовою значного поширення декоративних рослин, зокрема і самшиту вічнозеленого, є розроблення та вдосконалення методів ефективного розмноження з урахуванням їх біологічних властивостей, особливостей масового вирощування та потреб озеленення. Питання щодо забезпечення вітчизняного ринку потрібною кількістю садивного матеріалу рослин, адаптованих до місцевих природно-кліматичних умов, залишається надзвичайно актуальним. Отже, дослідження біологічних основ, а також розроблення нових та вдосконалення існуючих технологічних параметрів, вегетативного розмноження самшиту вічнозеленого завдяки використанню стимуляторів росту рослин, що дає змогу отримувати якісний та стійкий посадковий матеріал, є надзвичайно актуальним завданням, яке потребує глибокого наукового вивчення.

The Frontal Intersinus Septal Air Cell: A New Hypothesis of Its Origin

Air cells are often seen within the frontal intersinus septum. These cells have traditionally been thought to arise from displaced ethmoid cells from the frontal recess. This study explores the possibility that such cells may actually be diverticula from the frontal sinuses themselves and not of a direct ethmoid origin. A prospective study of 200 consecutive CT scans in the coronal and axial planes was performed on patients without a history of recent trauma. The images were interpreted independently by a radiologist and an otolaryngologist. The CT studies were evaluated for the presence of a central intersinus septal air cell. If such a cell was identified, it was further classified as either being completely isolated from both frontal sinuses by a bony rim or as a communicating diverticulum from one of the frontal sinuses. If a central cell was present, it was also assessed for how much of the height of the intersinus septum it involved (lower one-half or full height). There was a complete concordance of the results between the 2 observers. An intersinus septal air cell was seen in 61 (30.5%) of the 200 cases, and 85.3% of these cells were clearly seen to communicate anteromedially with either one of the frontal sinuses or both frontal sinuses (3 cases). In 9 (4.5%) of the 200 cases, the central cell had no demonstrable connection to either frontal sinus. Of the 61 cases with a central cell, 55 (90.16%) of the cells occupied the full height of the septum, and 6 (9.84%) only involved the lower half of the septum. Contrary to the present convention that frontal intersinus septal cells originate as displaced ethmoid cells from the frontal recess, we found that most such cells are actually diverticula from the frontal sinuses themselves.

Inferior Gluteal Artery Based Split Gluteus Maximus Muscle Turnover Flap for Coverage of Sacral Pressure Sores-Two Case Reports

Sacral pressure sores are frequently seen in long term bedridden or spinal cord injury patients. Gluteus maximus muscle flaps, with numerous modifications, have been the first choice in treating sacral wounds. We have used the gluteus maximus muscle based on the inferior gluteal artery as turnover flaps for covering recurrent sacral pressure sores in two cases. The flap design tangentially splits the lower one-half of the gluteus maximus muscle, rather than using the superficial portion or the entire muscle, as in conventional turnover methods. The bulk and length of these flaps are sufficient to easily fill defects and act as excellent cushions in selected patients.

Evaluation of body fat in fatter and leaner 10-y-old African American and white children: the Baton Rouge Children’s Study

Only a few published studies in children used several methods to compare body fat in large groups of fatter and leaner multiethnic children. We hypothesized that the preferred methods of determining body fat may differ in children with larger compared with smaller amounts of body fat, in boys compared with girls, and in African Americans compared with whites. Our objective was to evaluate several methods of predicting body fat in 10-12-y-old white and African American boys and girls. The body fat of 129 African American and white boys and girls aged 10-12 y, distributed equally by sex and race, was measured with use of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), underwater weighing (densitometry), isotope dilution (H(2)18O), bioelectrical impedance, skinfold thicknesses, corporal diameters, and circumferences. With use of DXA as the criterion variable, body fat was bimodally distributed in the boys and skewed to higher values in the girls. Biceps skinfold thickness had the highest predictive value of any single skinfold thickness compared with DXA fat. All formulas for estimating body fat from skinfold thicknesses, body density, or impedance performed better in the children in the upper one-half of the fat distribution (the fatter children) than in those in the lower one-half (the leaner children). Body mass index was highly correlated with body fat (R2 = 0.77); there was a good correlation for the fatter children (R2 = 0.66) and no correlation for the leaner children (R2 = 0.09). The hydration of the fat-free mass was significantly higher in the fatter children than in the leaner ones (79.2% compared with 76.7%). These data are consistent with the hypothesis that all methods of estimating body fat work better in children with larger amounts of body fat. The best formulas use skinfold thicknesses, bioelectrical impedance, and a 4-compartment model.

Ectopic Growth of Mouse Whiskers from Implanted Lengths of Plucked Vibrissa Follicles

A method for transplanting whole or partial whisker follicles from adult mice to a site beneath the kidney capsule of syngeneic mice is described. Follicles were removed from the upper lip and the growing whiskers plucked. The follicles were either left intact or divided into two parts by transection and implanted under the kidney capsule. The intact whole follicles remained viable and regenerated whiskers which were later shed. The lower one-half or one-third follicle implants reorganized their base and produced a short, curled whisker. On the other hand, none of the upper one-half or two-thirds implants regenerated a dermal papilla, and no whisker production was observed. However, when a single dermal papilla which had been dissected out from another follicle was introduced into each upper follicle cavity in contact with the cut edge, a bulbar region emerged, and subsequently, a long, thick, medullated whisker developed from the implants. This technique should be useful in studying the induction and regeneration of adult mouse whiskers.

Middle Atokan to Early Missourian (Pennsylvanian) Conodonts, Fort Worth Basin and Concho Platform, Central Texas: ABSTRACT

Middle and Upper Pennsylvanian strata in the Colorado River Valley and Llano area south of Brownwood, Texas, have not been extensively studies, and little is known regarding their precise correlation. Conodont faunas have been recovered from many units, particularly Smithwick Shale (Atokan), lower Strawn Group (Atokan-Desmoinesian), upper Strawn Group (Desmoinesian-Missourian), and lower Canyon Group (Missourian). Conodonts permit more refined correlation of this important sequence with Mid-Continent and Appalachian series than has previously been possible. In addition, age relationships of stratigraphic units places constraints on developmental models for the Fort Worth basin and adjacent Concho platform. The Smithwick conodont fauna is indicative of a middle to late Atokan age. Diagnostic species are Neognathodus atokaensis, N. bothrops, Neogondolella clarki, N. n. sp. A, and Idiognathoides spp. Approximately the lower one-half of the lower Strawn Group is latest Atokan based on occurrences of Idiognathoides spp. The appearance of Gondolella laevis and advanced neognathodids distinguish the early Desmoinesian portion of the lower Strawn Group. Neognathodus roundyi, N. dilatus, terminal neognathodids, Gondolella bella, and G. magna are typical conodonts of middle to late Desmoinesian strata of upper Strawn Group. Missourian conodont faunas are relatively depauperate, and seemingly have less value for precise correlation than older Desmoinesian and Atokan faunas. End_of_Article - Last_Page 144------------

Mechanism of reduced maximum expiratory flow in methacholine-induced bronchoconstriction in dogs.

Airway sites of flow limitation ["choke points" (CP)] were identified during forced deflation in open-chest dogs before (C) and after (B) bronchoconstriction was produced by nebulizing a solution of methacholine chloride into their airways. CP were identified in two respective groups. In group I (n = 8) a retrograde catheter was used to locate CP and in the other a Pitot static tube (group II, n = 5), CP were identified at multiple lung volumes (VL) over the lower one-half of total lung capacity. Both groups showed similar findings at each condition. At B, corresponding values of maximum expiratory flow (Vmax) at each VL decreased to about 10% of those at C. Movement of CP relative to their original location varied at each VL and, especially at the lower VL, showed little peripheral movement. In group I, equal pressure points were also measured and were found to move peripherally at all the measured VL. In group II, cross-sectional area (A*) and airway compliance (K) at CP were estimated. During bronchoconstriction, A* decreased at the respective VL, and airways became less compliant. The reduction in Vmax could be explained in terms of changes in A* and K as described by wave-speed theory, and Vmax decreased because A* decreased. The decrease in A* was related in part to an increase in viscous pressure losses that reduced total pressure at CP and also in part to a change in the pressure-area behavior of bronchi at CP. Their relative effects on reducing A* and Vmax were examined.

Upper Cambrian stromatolitic biostrome, Clinetop Member of the Dotsero Formation, western Colorado

The Clinetop Member of the Dotsero Formation consists of carbonate pebble conglomerate and stromatolitic algal heads as much as 1.5 m thick. Isopach maps indicate that the Clinetop Member occupies an area 24 to 32 km wide and 64 to 80 km long (1,500 to 2,600 km 2 ) and trends approximately N60°W. The member consists of three stratigraphic units composed of 3 to 43 cm of basal carbonate pebble conglomerate, 0 to 91.4 cm of algal heads, and 0 to 2.1 cm of upper bioclastic and carbonate pebble conglomerate. The lower one-half to two-thirds of the algal heads are of the SH-V (cryptozoon) structural type, whereas the upper one-half to one-third are of the LLH-C (collenia) structural type. Channels filled with clastic carbonate as deep as 68 cm cut the algal-head unit. The orientation of the channels averages N46°E. Comparison of the algal heads to modern stromatolitic heads suggests that they formed in the intertidal environment of a tropical to subtropical sea. The SH-V algal structures formed in a high-energy, seaward, intertidal environment, whereas the LLH-C structures formed in a low-energy, landward, intertidal environment. Channels were formed by tidal runoff. A gradual regression of the sea across a stable platform is suggested to explain the distribution of the Clinetop Member.

Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometric Analysis of the Calcium Ion Gradient in Gladiolus

Atomic absorption spectrophotometry utilizing the Perkin-Elmer method was used to determine the calcium ion content in the stigma, style, and ovary of Gladiolus. A calcium ion gradient was found. The gradient increased steadily, measured by percentage dry weight calcium, from approximately 0.275% in the stigma to 0.620% in the lower one-half of the ovary.

A New Genus of the Gymnoascaceae with Dark Ascocarps

(1964). A New Genus of the Gymnoascaceae with Dark Ascocarps. Mycologia: Vol. 56, No. 4, pp. 482-487.