Lower Odds Of MetS Research Articles

Associations of dietary pattern, insulin resistance and risk of developing metabolic syndrome among Chinese population.

Evidence regarding the role of dietary patterns in metabolic syndrome (MetS) is limited. The mechanistic links between dietary patterns, insulin resistance, and MetS are not fully understood. This study aimed to evaluate the associations between dietary patterns and the risk of MetS in a Chinese population using a longitudinal design. Data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey, a nationally representative survey, were analyzed. MetS cases were identified based on biomarker data collected in 2009. Factor analysis was employed to identify dietary patterns, while logistic regression models were utilized to examine the association between dietary patterns and MetS. Mediation models were applied to assess multiple mediation effects. Two dietary patterns were revealed by factor analysis. Participants in the higher quartiles of the traditional Chinese dietary pattern had lower odds of MetS than those in the lowest quartile (Q1) (OR = 0.58, 95%CI: 0.48, 0.69 for Q4; OR = 0.75, 95%CI: 0.63, 0.89 for Q3). Conversely, participants in the higher quartiles of the modern Chinese dietary pattern had higher odds of MetS compared to those in the lowest quartile (Q1) (OR = 1.40, 95%CI: 1.17, 1.68 for Q4; OR = 1.27, 95%CI: 1.06, 1.52 for Q3). Significant associations between dietary patterns and MetS were mediated by insulin resistance. Therefore, dietary patterns in Chinese adults are associated with MetS, and these associations appear to be mediated through insulin resistance. These findings underscore the critical role of dietary patterns in the development of MetS and establish a foundation for culturally tailored dietary interventions aimed at reducing rates the prevalence of MetS among Chinese adults.

The association between composite dietary antioxidant index and the metabolic syndrome: NHANES 2007–2018

BackgroundMetabolic syndrome (MetS) is a pathological condition. Oxidative stress is intricately linked to MetS, and may be reflected by composite dietary antioxidant index (CDAI). We aimed to explore the association between CDAI and MetS. Methods12,580 participants aged over 20 years were involved. The relationship between CDAI and MetS was examined through binary logistic regression. Subgroup analysis and interaction tests were employed. ResultsThe negative association between high scores on CDAI and the prevalence of MetS were found. Notably, an interaction between CDAI and physical activity in relation to MetS was observed. High scores on CDAI were significantly and negatively linked to MetS prevalence within the active physical activity groups. ConclusionHigher scores on CDAI was significantly associated with lower odds of MetS. An interaction existed between CDAI and physical activity. It is advisable for individuals to enhance their personal scores on CDAI.

ACTIGRAPHIC MEASURES OF SLEEP AND METABOLIC SYNDROME AMONG OLDER ADULTS

Abstract Self-reported sleep disturbances are associated with obesity and diabetes, but little is known about links between objectively measured sleep and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in later life. We investigated associations between actigraphic sleep parameters and MetS in 406 participants (53.5% women, 20.9% Black) aged 72.8±10.1 years at baseline (range: 50-96) in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. Participants completed wrist actigraphy (6.6±1.0 nights) and were classified as having MetS if they had ≥3 of the following: waist circumference ≥102 cm for men, ≥89 cm for women; high-density lipoproteins < 40 mg/dL in men, < 50 mg/dL in women; triglycerides >150 mg/dL; high blood pressure ≥130/85 mmHg; fasting blood glucose ≥100 mg/dL. Overall, 37 participants had MetS at baseline and 27 participants developed MetS over 2.3±2.2 years of follow-up. Cross-sectionally, compared to participants with total sleep time (TST) < 6 hours, those with 6-8 hours TST had lower odds of MetS (OR=0.28, 95%CI 0.13,0.61); higher sleep efficiency (SE) was associated with lower odds of MetS (OR=0.65, 95%CI 0.48,0.89) and longer wake bout length (WBL) was associated with higher odds of MetS (OR=1.47, 95%CI 1.07,2.01). Excluding 37 participants with MetS at baseline, TST >8 hours was associated with faster increases in the likelihood of developing MetS (OR=1.62, 95% CI 1.03, 2.55). Findings link intermediate TST and higher SE to lower odds of MetS, and longer WBL to higher odds of MetS in older adults cross-sectionally; TST >8 hours was associated with higher odds of incident MetS. Further studies are needed to understand mediators of sleep-MetS associations.

Associations between serum vitamin D status and the cardiometabolic profile of patients with obstructive sleep apnea

PurposeObstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and the metabolic syndrome (MetS) frequently coexist. Low serum vitamin D has been positively associated with OSA presence and severity; however, data on its link to cardiometabolic features in patients with OSA remain scarce. We aimed to assess serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and explore its association with cardiometabolic parameters in OSA.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study among 262 patients (49 ± 9 years old, 73% men) with polysomnography-diagnosed OSA. Participants were evaluated in terms of anthropometric indices, lifestyle habits, blood pressure, biochemical, plasma inflammatory and urinary oxidative stress markers, and the presence of MetS. Serum 25(OH)D was assessed by chemiluminescence, and vitamin D deficiency (VDD) was defined as 25(OH)D < 20 ng/mL.ResultsMedian (1st, 3rd quartile) serum 25(OH)D levels were 17.7 (13.4, 22.9) ng/mL and 63% of participants had VDD. Serum 25(OH)D correlated negatively with body mass index (BMI), homeostasis model of assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), and urinary oxidized guanine species (oxG), and positively with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (all P < 0.050). In logistic regression analysis, serum 25(OH)D was associated with lower odds of MetS [odds ratio (95% confidence interval): 0.94 (0.90–0.98)], after adjustment for age, sex, season of blood sampling, Mediterranean diet score, physical activity, smoking, apnea–hypopnea index, HOMA-IR, hsCRP, and oxG. In the same multivariate model, VDD was associated with ~ twofold greater odds of MetS [2.39 (1.15, 4.97)].ConclusionVDD is highly prevalent and is associated with a detrimental cardiometabolic profile among patients with OSA.

Dietary polyphenols, metabolic syndrome and cardiometabolic risk factors: An observational study based on the DCH-NG subcohort

Background and aimsPolyphenol-rich foods have beneficial properties that may lower cardiometabolic risk. We aimed to prospectively investigate the relationship between intakes of dietary polyphenols, and metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components, in 676 Danish residents from the MAX study, a subcohort of the Danish Diet, Cancer and Health–Next Generations (DCH-NG) cohort. Methods and resultsDietary data were collected using web-based 24-h dietary recalls over one year (at baseline, and at 6 and 12 months). The Phenol-Explorer database was used to estimate dietary polyphenol intake. Clinical variables were also collected at the same time point. Generalized linear mixed models were used to investigate relationships between polyphenol intake and MetS. Participants had a mean age of 43.9y, a mean total polyphenol intake of 1368 mg/day, and 75 (11.6%) had MetS at baseline. Compared to individuals with MetS in Q1 and after adjusting for age, sex, lifestyle and dietary confounders, those in Q4 – for total polyphenols, flavonoids and phenolic acids–had a 50% [OR (95% CI): 0.50 (0.27, 0.91)], 51% [0.49 (0.26, 0.91)] and 45% [0.55 (0.30, 1.00)] lower odds of MetS, respectively. Higher total polyphenols, flavonoids and phenolic acids intakes as continuous variable were associated with lower risk for elevated systolic blood pressure (SBP) and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) (p < 0.05). ConclusionsTotal polyphenol, flavonoid and phenolic acid intakes were associated with lower odds of MetS. These intakes were also consistently and significantly associated with a lower risk for higher SBP and lower HDL-c concentrations.

Abstract P605: Neo-Traditional Diets Are Associated With Lower Odds of Metabolic Syndrome Among Adults in Puerto Rico

Prolonged marginalization of traditional food cultures has diminished local food production and increased dependence on highly processed imports in Puerto Rico (PR), contributing to low-quality diets and cardiometabolic disease. Recent efforts have been made to decolonize diets by increasing local food intake; however, what dietary patterns (DPs) exist and how they are associated with cardiometabolic disease risk remain unknown. This study aimed to 1 ) identify food-system-specific DPs and 2 ) determine associations with metabolic syndrome (MetS), a multicomponent cardiometabolic risk factor, among adults in PR. We hypothesized that a neo-traditional DP would emerge, characterized by use of minimally processed local foods and associated with lower odds of MetS. Data were obtained from adults (30-75 y) in the PR Observational Study of Psychosocial, Environmental, and Chronic Disease Trends ( n = 989). DPs were derived using partial least squares analysis on food frequency questionnaire data, with nutrients significantly associated with local food purchasing (fiber, magnesium [Mg], saturated fat) as response variables. MetS was classified using harmonized criteria from clinical and laboratory measures (waist circumference, fasting glucose, systolic/diastolic blood pressure, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol) and medication use. Fully adjusted generalized linear models tested associations between tertiles of DPs and MetS. Approximately half (52%) of participants were classified with MetS. Four DPs were extracted, described as neo-traditional (local plants and seafood), transitioning (beans and coffee), industrial: meat-centric (red/processed meats and fast foods), and industrial: sugar-centric (rice and sugary beverages). Individuals in the highest (vs. lowest) tertile of the neo-traditional DP were more likely to purchase local (not imported) fruits, vegetables, and seafood; those in the transitioning DP were more likely to reside in rural areas; those in the meat-centric DP were more likely to purchase local meats; and those in the sugar-centric DP had lower educational attainment and household income. Individuals in the highest (vs. lowest) tertile of the neo-traditional DP were 0.69 (0.49, 0.97) times less likely to have MetS ( P = 0.035); they also had 4.1 (1.3) cm lower mean (SE) waist circumference ( P = 0.002). In contrast, individuals in the highest (vs. lowest) tertile of the meat-centric DP had higher mean waist circumference (102 vs. 99 cm, P = 0.01), fasting glucose (106 vs. 98 mg/dL, P = 0.019), and systolic blood pressure (123 vs. 119 mmHg, P = 0.022). The sugar-centric and transitioning DPs were not significantly associated with MetS or its components. A neo-traditional diet in PR holds promise in supporting local food production and augmenting cardiometabolic health. Results can guide local food promotion as a healthful, decolonizing approach in island settings.

Association of Absolute and Relative Handgrip Strength with Prevalent Metabolic Syndrome in Adults: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2014-2018.

Maintaining or improving muscular strength may be a key preventive strategy for metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, whether the association of handgrip strength (HGS), as a well-established marker of whole-body muscular strength, with the prevalent metabolic syndrome (MetS) varies with age stratification remains unclear. Additionally, whether absolute of relative HGS is superior to another in predicting MetS is less clear. We examined the association of both relative and absolute HGS with the prevalence of MetS in different age groups. Korean adults aged ≥19 years (n = 28,146; 55.7% female) from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2014–2018) were examined. HGS was categorized using tertile split (highest, intermediate, lowest) and participants were stratified into different age groups at 10-year intervals. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine the association between absolute/relative HGS tertiles and MetS with adjustment for covariates. Lower odds of MetS were observed across lower absolute HGS tertiles and the associations were significant in young participants (19–29 years) in both sexes (odds ratio (OR): 0.59 (95% CI: 0.38–0.92) for intermediate and OR: 0.55 (95% CI: 0.34–0.89) for lowest in males; OR: 0.36 (95% CI: 0.20–0.65) for intermediate and OR: 0.42 (95% CI: 0.24–0.74) for lowest in females; all p < 0.05). By contrast, higher odds of MetS were observed across lower relative HGS in all age groups in both sexes (in total participants, OR: 2.32 (95% CI: 2.06–2.62) for intermediate and OR: 3.69 (95% CI: 3.27–4.16) for lowest in males and OR: 2.04 (95% CI: 1.83–2.28) for intermediate and OR: 3.28 (95% CI: 2.94–3.65) for lowest in females all p < 0.05). The associations of both absolute and relative HGS with MetS attenuated with an increase in age. Our findings suggest that poor relative HGS, as a marker of muscular strength, and not absolute HGS, may be associated with a higher risk of MetS in adults. Our findings also suggest that relative HGS may overestimate MetS in young adults.

Association between kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) use and metabolic syndrome

Background and aimsThere are evidence about effects of kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) use on parameters related to metabolic syndrome (MetS). The present study aimed to determine the association between kratom use and MetS. MethodsThis study is a cross-sectional study of 581 subjects (kratom users and non-users) aged 18 and over from the Nam Phu sub-district, Surat Thani province, Thailand. The association was determined using multivariate logistic regression. ResultsMetS prevalence in kratom users and non-users was 11.9% (95% CI, 8.4–16.3%) and 21.6 % (95% CI, 17.1–26.8%), respectively. The use of kratom was associated with the lower odds of MetS (adjusted OR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.33–0.96). Kratom use were associated with smaller waist circumference, lower triglycerides, and higher high-density lipoprotein. ConclusionsThe current study demonstrated a potential protective effect of kratom use against MetS.

Adherence to the healthy lifestyle guideline in relation to the metabolic syndrome: Analyses from the 2013 and 2018 Indonesian national health surveys

In this study, we aimed to investigate differences in lifestyle factors and prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in the Indonesian population between 2013 and 2018. In addition, we investigated whether adherence to the 2015-released national healthy lifestyle guideline (‘GERMAS’) is associated with MetS in different sex, age, urban/rural, and BMI categories. We performed cross-sectional analyses in individuals aged >15 of the 2013 (n = 34,274) and 2018 (n = 33,786) Indonesian National Health Surveys. A stratified, multi-stage, systematic random sampling design and the probability proportional to size method were used to select households in the 34 provinces across the country. MetS was defined according to the Joint Interim Statement Criteria, and adherence to ‘GERMAS’ guideline was defined as fulfilling the national healthy lifestyle recommendations of ≥150 min/week physical activity (PA), ≥5 portions/day fruit and vegetable (FV), no smoking (NS), and no alcohol consumption (NA). We examined the associations of each lifestyle factor with MetS using logistic regression categorised by sex, age groups, urban/rural, and BMI, and adjusted for sociodemographic factors. We observed that men who adhered to the guideline had lower odds ratio of MetS [OR(95%CI) associated with PA: 0.85(0.75–0.97); NA: 0.75(0.56–1.00)] than non-adherent men. Middle-aged adults who adhered to the guideline had lower OR of MetS [PA: 0.85(0.72–1.01); FV: 0.78(0.62–0.99); NA: 0.66(0.46–0.93)] than non-adherent adults <45 years. The adherent urban population had lower OR of MetS [FV: 0.85(0.67–1.07); NA: 0.74(0.52–1.07)] than the non-adherent urban population. Those with overweight or obesity who adhered to the guideline had relatively lower odds of MetS than those who did not. In conclusion, in this nationally representative study, adherence to the ‘GERMAS’ guideline may confer cardiometabolic health benefits to several groups of the Indonesian population, particularly men, middle-aged, those with overweight and obesity, and potentially urban population.

Nighttime sleep duration, daytime napping, and metabolic syndrome: findings from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study.

This study aimed to assess the association between nighttime sleep, daytime napping, and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in an elderly Chinese population. A cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the 2011 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) to examine the association between nighttime sleep, daytime napping, and MetS (defined according to the Chinese Diabetes Society criteria). Sleep duration was assessed by a self-reported questionnaire. Binary logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals of the associations adjusting for covariates. Among 4785 elderly Chinese aged over 65years old, there was no association between short-time sleep duration (< 7h/day) and MetS. However, long-time sleep duration (> 8h/day) decreased the odds of MetS by 53% (aOR= 0.47; 95% CI0.23-0.96)compared to normal sleep duration (7-8h/day). Compared to no daytime napping, short-time napping (≤ 30min/day) was associated with increased odds of MetS (aOR = 1.55, 95% CI 1.02-2.36) and long-time napping (> 30min/day) was associated with even higher odds of MetS (aOR = 1.77, 95%CI 1.24-2.53). Individuals who were over 75years old, with elementary school education, and good health status had lower odds of MetS, while women, individuals living in rural areas, and those who reported poor health status had higher odds of MetS. Long-time sleep duration decreased and daytime napping increased the risk of MetS among the elderly Chinese population. We speculate that increasing nighttime sleep duration and decreasing daytime napping may help reduce the risk of MetS.

Withdrawal: “Meal‐specific dietary patterns and their relation to metabolic syndrome among Iranian adults” Fatemeh Mohtashaminia, Yahya Jalilpiran, Zahra Akbarzade, Mohammad Hassan Javanbakht, Sakineh Shab‐Bidar, Kurosh Djafarian

Evidence on the association between dietary patterns and metabolic syndrome (MetS) focused on habitual intake without considering dietary intake at specific eating meals. We aimed to examine the association between meal-based dietary patterns and metabolic syndrome and the odds of MetS in Iranian adults. This cross-sectional study performed on 840 healthy subjects aged 20-59 years in Tehran, Iran. Food intake was assessed by the three 24-hour recall method. Using principal component analysis (PCA), we identified three major dietary patterns per meal (breakfast, lunch, dinner). We used logistic regression analysis to compute the overall trend of odds ratios (ORs) across increasing tertiles of meal-specific pattern scores. We identified three specific patterns for meals. Our results showed an inverse association between adherence to breakfast pattern (BP) 1 (rich in bread and grains, fat, and meat products) and MetS (OR: 0.65, 95%CI: 50.46-0.93; P for trend: 0.02). Also, adherence to BP3 (rich in fruits and vegetables, egg and potato) was inversely associated with lower fasting blood sugar (OR: 1.52, 95%CI: 1.08-2.14; P for trend: 0.01) and diastolic blood pressure (OR: 0.64, 95%CI: 0.41-0.99; P for trend: 0.04). Our results also indicated that adherence to a lunch rich in fats, bread and grains, poultry associated with lower triglyceride (TG) (OR: 0.60, 95%CI: 0.41-0.88; P for trend: 0.01) and higher HDL (OR: 0.61, 95%CI: 0.42-0.87; P for trend: 0.006). Besides, it was found that LP2 (rich in egg and potato) associated with lower odds of MetS (OR: 0.61, 95%CI: 0.41-0.90; P for trend: 0.02). The results suggest that the meal-specific dietary patterns might be associated with decreased odds of MetS and its components.

Dose–Response Relationships of Physical Activity with Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Korean Adults

ABSTRACT Background: Dose–response relationships between physical activity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) by sex and age are unclear. Purpose: We examined the associations of different intensities of physical activity with MetS by sex and age group. Methods: We analyzed 17,614 (56.5% women) adults from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2016–2018. Self-reported minutes per week of activities by intensity (walking, moderate, vigorous) were categorized by dose. Associations of activity intensities with MetS and its components were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and multinomial logistic regression models. Results: There were distinct patterns of associations of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and walking categories with the MetS components by sex and age groups. Walking, moderate, and vigorous activities were associated with lower odds of MetS (independent of sex, age, and other covariates) in the highest category (≥225 min/week) when compared with the lowest category (<10 min/week) by 12%, 30%, and 40%, respectively. Discussion: MVPA and walking were favorably associated with MetS, but the associations varied by sex, age, and the intensity of physical activity. Translation to Health Education Practice: Our findings would be pragmatic for health education in providing evidence on the dose–response relationship between physical activity and cardiometabolic risk factors.

Higher dietary insulin load and index are not associated with the risk of metabolic syndrome and obesity in Iranian adults.

Data about the relation between dietary insulin load (DIL) and dietary insulin index (DII) with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and obesity are scarce. Therefore, the present study aimed to examine the association of the insulinemic potential of the diet with MetS and obesity amongst Iranian adults. This cross-sectional study was conducted amongst 850 adults aged 20-59years. Dietary data were collected using a 168-item food frequency questionnaire. DIL was calculated using a standard formula and DII was obtained by dividing DIL by the total energy intake of each participant. The guidelines of the International Diabetes Federation were used to define MetS. General obesity was considered as body mass index ≥ 30kg/m2 , and abdominal obesity as waist circumference ≥ 94cm for men and ≥ 80cm for women. Mean DIL and DII values were 101684±54802 and 49.4±33.4, respectively. The mean age of participants was 44.9±10.7years and 36.8%, 28.5% and 48.8% of participants were suffering from MetS, general and abdominal obesity, respectively. In contrast with DIL (P=.73), participants in the last quartile of DII (P=.62) had lower odds of MetS than the first quartile. There were non-significant inverse associations between DIL (P=.91, P=.85) and DII (P=.59, P=.53) with odds of general and abdominal obesity before and after the adjustment of confounders, respectively. We did not observe any significant association of DIL and DII with the risk of MetS and obesity amongst the Iranian population. Further prospective studies are needed to confirm the findings of this study.

Higher Diet Quality in African-American Adolescents Is Associated with Lower Odds of Metabolic Syndrome: Evidence from the NHANES.

Development of clinical risk factors linked to metabolic syndrome (MetS) in adolescence is associated with higher incidence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular events in adulthood. Given the increasing burden of obesity and MetS in African-American (AA) youth, there is a need to establish the relation of MetS with modifiable risk factors such as diet quality, because these data may enhance preventative and treatment approaches. The purpose of this study was to assess diet quality, measured by the Alternative Healthy Eating Index 2010 (AHEI-2010) and the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) pattern score, in AA adolescents and youth (aged 12-21 y) from the NHANES, and to investigate the association of diet quality with MetS and its components. This study is a cross-sectional analysis of NHANES data from the 2005-2016 cycles (n=2459). Survey-weighted logistic regression models were used to assess the association of diet quality with the prevalence of MetS and individual cardiometabolic components [overweight/obesity, hypertensive blood pressure (BP), impaired fasting glucose, low HDL cholesterol, hypertriglyceridemia]. The mean±SD AHEI-2010 score was 38.9±9.7 and DASH pattern score was 21.8±4.4, which is equivalent to 35% adherence to recommendations to achieve an optimal diet quality and 45% adherence to the DASH-style dietary pattern, respectively. Compared with those within the lowest quartile of DASH pattern score, individuals in the fourth quartile group had 0.63 (95% CI: 0.41, 0.97) times the odds of having hypertensive BP. Among individuals with complete clinical measures (n=1007), individuals within the highest-quartile AHEI-2010 group had 0.25 (95% CI: 0.06, 0.99) times the odds of having MetS compared with those within the lowest quartile. Diet quality in US AA youth is low. Higher DASH pattern scores were associated with lower odds of hypertensive BP and higher AHEI-2010 scores were associated with lower odds of MetS.

Associations of Light, Moderate to Vigorous, and Total Physical Activity With the Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in 4,652 Community-Dwelling 70-Year-Olds: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study.

In this cross-sectional study, the authors investigated the associations of objectively measured physical activity (PA) with the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in older adults. Accelerometer-derived light-intensity PA, moderate to vigorous PA, and steps per day were measured in (N = 4,652) 70-year-olds in Umeå, Sweden, during May 2012-November 2019. The MetS was assessed according to the American Heart Association/ National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute criteria. The prevalence of MetS was 49.3%. Compared with the reference, the odds ratios for MetS in increasing quartiles of light-intensity PA were 0.91 (0.77-1.09), 0.75 (0.62-0.89), and 0.66 (0.54-0.80). For moderate to vigorous PA, the corresponding odds ratios were 0.79 (0.66-0.94), 0.67 (0.56-0.80), and 0.56 (0.46-0.67). For steps per day, the odds ratios were 0.65 (0.55-0.78), 0.55 (0.46-0.65), and 0.45 (0.36-0.55). In summary, this study shows that greater amounts of PA, regardless of intensity, are associated with lower odds of MetS. With the limitation of being an observational study, these findings may have implications for the prevention of MetS in older adults.

Association of Diet Quality and Food Insecurity with Metabolic Syndrome in Obese Adults.

Background:The link between diet quality, food insecurity (FI), and metabolic syndrome (MetS) remains unclear in obese adults. The aim of this study was to examine the association of diet quality and FI with MetS in obese Iranian adults.Methods:This cross-sectional study was conducted on 300 obese adults. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated 168-item food frequency questionnaire. Diet quality and FI were measured using the Diet Quality Index-International (DQI-I) and an adapted USDA2000 household food security status questionnaire, respectively. MetS was defined according to the International Diabetes Federation diagnostic criteria. Association was determined using logistic regression analysis adjusting for potential confounders.Results:MetS subjects had lower DQI-I score than subjects without MetS (67.5 ± 8.7 vs 71.5 ± 7.4, P = 0.05). The prevalence of food insecurity was 48.6% (95% confidence interval (CI): 41.2, 56.1) in MetS subjects and 39.4% (95% CI: 29.4, 49.9) in subjects without MetS. After adjustment, participants in the fourth quartile of DQI-I score had 70% lower odds of MetS (Adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 0.3; 95% CI: 0.1–0.7), 70% lower odds of hypertriglyceridemia (AOR, 0.3; 95% CI: 0.2–0.7) and 60% lower risk of reduced high-density lipoprotein [HDL] (AOR, 0.4; 95% CI: 0.2–0.9) compared with the first quartile. Obese food insecure adults had 60% higher odds of high blood pressure (AOR, 1.6; 95% CI: 1.0–2.6) and 70% higher odds of hypertriglyceridemia (AOR, 1.7; 95% CI: 1.0–2.8) compared with food-secure obese adults. There was no statistically significant interaction observed between DQI-I and food insecurity on MetS.Conclusions:Lower DQI-I score and food insecurity were associated with an increased risk of MetS and some features such as hypertriglyceridemia, reduced HDL, and high blood pressure in obese Iranian adults.

Dairy Consumption and Risk of Metabolic Syndrome in Korean Adults and Elderly People.

Background: To investigate the association of dairy consumption with metabolic syndrome (MetS) in a representative sample of Korean adult and elderly population. Methods: We used data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2013-2018. A total of 18,206 adults (19-64 years) and 5113 elderly people (≥65 years) were included in the analysis. Dairy product consumption was assessed with a 24-hr dietary recall, and the subjects were divided into three groups based on their total dairy consumption (0, <1, ≥1 serving/day). The primary outcome, MetS, was defined according to the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III and the Korean Society for the Study of Obesity. Results: After adjusting for covariates, high dairy consumption was associated with 12% lower odds of MetS in adults compared with no dairy consumption [odds ratio (OR) 0.88, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.78-0.998, P for trend = 0.048]. A similar inverse association was found in adult men (OR 0.84, 95% CI 0.71-0.99), but no significant association was found in adult women (OR 0.93, 95% CI 0.78-1.11). For the elderly, high dairy consumption was associated with 20% lower odds of MetS (OR 0.80, 95% CI 0.65-0.98, P for trend = 0.020); a significant inverse association was shown in elderly women (OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.56-0.94) but not in elderly men (OR 0.93, 95% CI 0.68-1.28). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that one or more servings/day of dairy products were associated with lower prevalence of MetS in Korean adult men and elderly women.

Breastfeeding and Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome among Perimenopausal Women.

Little is known about the long-term benefits of breastfeeding for mother’s metabolic health. This study aimed to investigate the links between breastfeeding duration and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components in perimenopausal women. The analysis included a group of 7621 women aged 55.4 ± 5.4 years. MetS and its components were defined according to the International Diabetes Federation guidelines. Women who breastfed for 13–18 months and beyond 18 months were at lower risk of MetS (odds ratio OR) = 0.76, 95% CI 0.60–0.95; p = 0.017 and OR = 0.79, 95% CI 0.64–0.98; p = 0.030, respectively) than those who never breastfed. Meanwhile, women who breastfed for 7–12 months showed increased glucose concentration (OR = 0.77, 95% CI 0.63–0.94; p = 0.012) compared with those who had never breastfed. The additional analysis involving parity showed that women who had given birth to two babies and breastfed them had lower odds of MetS than those who never breastfed (p < 0.05), although there was no significant difference among women who breastfed for >18 months. Women who had given birth to at least three children and breastfed for 1–6 and 13–18 months had lower odds of MetS and increased triglyceride concentration (p < 0.05). Moreover, participants having breastfed for 1–6 months were found to have a reduced risk of abdominal obesity compared with those who had not breastfed (p < 0.05). Breastfeeding is associated with lower prevalence of MetS in perimenopausal women and can be recommended as a way of reducing the risk of MetS and its components.

The Association between Salt Taste Perception, Mediterranean Diet and Metabolic Syndrome: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a widespread disorder and an important public health challenge. The purpose of this study was to identify the association between salt taste perception, Mediterranean diet and MetS. This cross-sectional study included 2798 subjects from the general population of Dalmatia, Croatia. MetS was determined using the Joint Interim Statement definition, and Mediterranean diet compliance was estimated using Mediterranean Diet Serving Score. Salt taste perception was assessed by threshold and suprathreshold testing (intensity and hedonic perception). Logistic regression was used in the analysis, adjusting for important confounding factors. As many as 44% of subjects had MetS, with elevated waist circumference as the most common component (77%). Higher salt taste sensitivity (lower threshold) was associated with several positive outcomes: lower odds of MetS (OR = 0.69; 95% CI 0.52–0.92), lower odds for elevated waist circumference (0.47; 0.27–0.82), elevated fasting glucose or diabetes (0.65; 0.45–0.94), and reduced HDL cholesterol (0.59; 0.42–0.84), compared to the higher threshold group. Subjects with lower salt taste threshold were more likely to consume more fruit, and less likely to adhere to olive oil and white meat guidelines, but without a difference in the overall Mediterranean diet compliance. Salt taste intensity perception was not associated with any of the investigated outcomes, while salty solution liking was associated with MetS (OR = 1.85, CI 95% 1.02–3.35). This study identified an association between salt taste perception and MetS and gave a new insight into taste perception, nutrition, and possible health outcomes.

Association between residential greenness and metabolic syndrome in Chinese adults

BackgroundResiding in greener areas has several health benefits, but no study to date has examined the effects of greenness on metabolic syndrome (MetS). We aimed to assess associations between residential greenness and MetS prevalence in China, and to explore whether air pollution and physical activity mediated any observed associations. MethodsWe analyzed data from 15,477 adults who participated in the 33 Communities Chinese Health Study during 2009. We defined MetS according to standard guidelines for Chinese populations. Residential greenness was estimated using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), the Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI), and the Vegetation Continuous Field (VCF). We used generalized linear mixed models to assess the associations between greenness and MetS, and mediation analyses to explore potential mechanisms underlying the associations. ResultsHigher greenness levels were associated with lower odds of MetS [e.g., for every interquartile range increase of NDVI500-m, SAVI500-m, and VCF500-m, the adjusted odds ratio of MetS was 0.81 (95% confidence interval: 0.70–0.93), 0.80 (95% confidence interval: 0.69–0.93), and 0.91 (95% confidence interval: 0.83–1.00), respectively]. The direction and the magnitude of the associations persisted in several sensitivity analyses. Stratified analyses showed that age and household income modified the associations, with greater effect estimates observed in participants younger than 65 years old or those with higher household income. Particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤10 μm, nitrogen dioxide, and ozone mediated 2.1–20.3% of the associations between greenness and MetS; no evidence of mediation was observed for physical activity. ConclusionsOur findings suggest a beneficial association for residential greenness and MetS in Chinese urban dwellers, especially for participants younger than 65 years old and those with higher household income. Particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤10 μm, nitrogen dioxide and ozone, but not physical activity, may only partially mediate the association.