Low Liquid Level Research Articles

A Stacking Ensemble Learning Algorithm for Anomaly Early Detection of Liquid Levels in High-Pressure Heaters of Turbine Reheat Systems

In the steam turbine reheating system, maintaining the high-pressure heater liquid level is crucial to prevent equipment damage and safety accidents. High liquid levels may cause steam to enter the feed system, while low liquid levels may lead to overheating and damage to the heater tube bundle. In this study, the stacking ensemble learning model for combined data decomposition is proposed for high-precision liquid level prediction and early warning. Initially, outliers in the high-pressure heater liquid level data from the DSC system are processed. The Adaptive Local Iterative Filtering (ALIF) algorithm is used for the first data decomposition, followed by Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) for a second decomposition. Time-domain features such as summation, maximum value, skewness, and peak value are extracted to construct reconstructed data. Random Forest (RF) reduces the dimensionality of the reconstructed data. The prediction model combines Deep Belief Network (DBN), Deep Neural Networks (DNN), Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LGBM), and eXtreme Gradient Boosting (xGBoost) as base models, with Echo State Network (ESN) as the meta-learner. Finally, based on historical data, warning level values are set, and the system outputs warnings when the actual liquid level significantly deviates from the predicted value.

Dynamic Response and Damage Analysis of a Large Steel Tank Impacted by an Explosive Fragment

Abstract The fragments generated by explosions of storage tanks in chemical industrial parks may cause perforations or dents in adjacent tanks and trigger a domino effect. This paper determined reasonable fragment parameters based on the statistical laws of accidents and empirical formulas. The dynamic response process of large steel tanks impacted by fragments was simulated with ls-dyna. The typical impact process and results were analyzed in detail, and the damage laws of the tanks were discussed under various filling coefficients, volumes, fragment velocities, and impact angles. The results indicate that the inertial resistance of the inner liquid shortens the impact duration. Multiple collisions occur between the fragment and tank during impact, and the impact process involves three stages: initial collision, crushing and collision, and separation flight. The impact center displacement shows a fast and then slow reduction trend as the liquid level height increases, and the damage to the tank is negatively correlated with the liquid level height. The damage is lower when the tank volume is larger in an empty tank or at a high liquid level, while the damage instead increases when the volume exceeds 5000 m3 at a low liquid level. The peak impact force of the end-cap fragment is greatest when frontal impact occurs. Fragment flipping and curling occur at 45 deg and 90 deg impact, respectively. As the vertical impact angle increases from 0 deg to 90 deg, the fragment impact mode changes from initial frontal impact to flip detachment and finally to curling deformation.

The role of blockchain technology and smart contracts in enhancing the transparency of fragmented investments in overseas real estate

As the mobility of global capital is getting higher, more and more investors tend to invest in overseas real estate. However, the conventional model of investing in real estate possesses several disadvantages including high entry hurdles, low levels of market liquidity, and low transparency, particularly for retail investors. This article will seek to establish how blockchain technology as applied in smart contracts can help in the clarification of unclear fragmented investments in overseas property. First of all, this paper begins with the definition and examples of applying conventional and advanced blockchain technology and then describes the work of smart contracts and the comparison between regular contracts and smart contracts. The paper also evaluates the nature of fragmented investment in overseas property and its associated risks before suggesting the use of blockchain and smart contracts for a new institutional structure of the investment platform. This study demonstrates how the technologies can advance data sec, promote trust in transactions, and how investment can be automated. It can be concluded that blockchain technology, and smart contracts, can enhance Overseas Real Estate Investment by increasing transparency and decreasing the investment threshold as well as the instances of fraud. This study also presents an analysis of the potential difficulties that may be encountered in real-world applications and a recommendation of what may be done in subsequent studies. On one hand, this research offers a new perspective to the theoretical world, on the other hand, it offers practical problems and solutions to the practitioners who are a part of overseas real estate markets and businesses by steadily helping the overseas real estate markets to move in the fairer and more transparent direction.

Investment Strategies and Financing Approaches in Emerging Enterprises

Investment activities are arguably the most crucial factor in the development and sustenance of an enterprise, especially in emerging markets. While there have been numerous studies on the financing structure, there is a substantial gap in the literature regarding the impact of capital structure and cost of capital on investment efficiency in transitional economies. This research seeks to address this gap, using a mixed-method approach that combines qualitative case studies and quantitative financial analysis. The research involved conducting case studies with five enterprises from the technology, manufacturing, and services sectors. In addition, the researcher used secondary data obtained from the websites of the Bucharest Stock Exchange and the Romanian National Registry of Financial Statements. The data was used to calculate the Return on Investment, debt-to-equity ratio, and cost of capital. The analysis shows that businesses that adopt the optimal capital structure perform better, relative to their counterparts, in the aspect of profitability and market value. They also have a lower cost of capital, as well as greater financial sustainability. On the other hand, businesses with higher leverage perform poorly, with their failing market position forcing them to adopt measures such as providing discounts to customers and investing in motor vehicles to reduce operational costs. This research shows that even in the current state, some of the basic principles that have traditionally applied still have bearing. However, there are some underlying problems, some of which have been highlighted in Nenite-Petrescu et al.’s case study of three Romanian companies. Some of the factors which have been identified as contributing to the negative performance of the three companies include poor return on assets, return on capital employed, and return on investment; low levels of liquidity; low sales and profits; and high cost of Sales, as well as low purchase and employment of personnel. All these factors represent significant inefficiencies in the aspect of capital unproductivity for the businesses. Some of the lessons learnt from the analysis include the non-recognition of business risks and their mitigation. A business should consider the various events and circumstances that may impact negatively on their ability to meet obligations toward obligations taken by such businesses. In conclusion, enterprises need to manage their financing strategies to ensure that they minimize their risk, while maximizing their long-term growth potential. This research will prove important for future researchers and business enterprises in transitional economies.

Does climate change matter for bank profitability? Evidence from China

Using panel data from 87 China’s banks from 2011 to 2022, this research investigates whether and how climate change affects bank profitability. It is discovered that the improvement of bank profitability is severely hampered by climate change. The main ways that climate change affects bank profitability are by causing financial losses to bank creditors, changing the likelihood of defaults and the quality of bank credit assets. Energy conservation and carbon reduction, the implementation of green financial policies, and ensuring that banks have enough capital are all factors that can help mitigate the negative effects of climate change on bank profitability. In addition, climate change has a greater negative effect on the profitability of small-sized banks, regional banks, and banks with lower levels of liquidity. In conclusion, this study offers forward-looking suggestions for banks to reduce risks from climate change, which is critical for encouraging low-carbon and green development and averting systemic financial risks. It also offers theoretical references for Chinese banks to develop customized policies and strategies to address these risks.

Subatmospheric pool boiling of water at very low liquid levels

Subatmospheric pool boiling of water at very low liquid levels

Financial statement analysis was conducted to assess the financial performance of PT Unilever Indonesia Tbk in the 2018-2022 period using the Current Ratio, Debt Equity Ratio, and Return on Asset

Financial performance is a formal effort to evaluate the efficiency and effectiveness ofa company in generating profits. The method used is a qualitative method using a descriptive approach; the subject in this study is PT Unilever Indonesia Tbk and the object in this study is the financial statement data of PT Unilever Indonesia Tbk. The data source used in this study is secondary data taken from the official website of PT Unilever Indonesia Tbk. This study aims to determinethe financial performance of PT Unilever Indonesia Tbk using the CurrentRatio, debt-to-equityRatio, and return on assets. It is expected to provide helpful information for companies and investors in making investment decisions. Based on the attached data, it shows that during the 2018-2022 period, the average Ratio of each Ratio in PT Unilever Indonesia Tbk is as follows: at the liquidity ratio of current assets of 8,178,740 and current liabilities of 12,488,997. At the Ratio of total debt solvency of 14,415,546 and total equity of 5,223,178. Theprofitability ratio of total assets amounted to 56,794,724, and net profit amounted to 6,955,753. From the results of this study, the Company's financial performance shows a low level of liquidity, a higher level of risk due to the use of more considerable debt, and suboptimal operational performance. Therefore, companies must pay attention to cost management, debt management, and sales activities to improve financial performance. TheCompanyCompany should increase sales toenhance efficient financial performance. This research is expected to make theoretical contributions to the literature in this context, including in the context of economic and banking management.

Аналіз грошових потоків у системі управління фінансово-господарською діяльністю суб’єктів аграрного бізнесу в умовах дисфункції соціально-економічного розвитку

The article is devoted to the analysis of cash flows in the system of management of financial and economic activities of subjects of agrarian business in the context of dysfunction of socioeconomic development. In the process of preparing the article, such general scientific methods as generalization, analysis, synthesis, tabular and monographic, as well as methods of financial analysis were used. According to the results of the study, it is found that in the conditions of dysfunction of socioeconomic development, the following challenges for the financial and economic activities of the subjects of agricultural business are increasing: complication of logistics, decrease in demand, lack of own financial resources, instability of the exchange rate, complexity of planning and forecasting activities. A relatively positive forecast for the profitability of agricultural enterprises in the field of crop production in 2024 is specified. Insufficient demand, labor shortages, the so-called «other factors» (these include the challenges of martial law) are identified as the factors that most hinder agricultural activity. Based on the processing of reporting data of PJSC «Lebedyn Seed Plant», the leading agricultural enterprise of the Cherkasy region, it is determined that 2022 was a kind of «peak» of socioeconomic dysfunction, negatively affecting the indicators of the financial and economic activities of the enterprise. Attention is focused on the fact that in 2023 the enterprise demonstrated a partial improvement in indicators, but the analysis of cash flows allows us to conclude that there is a generally low level of liquidity, which may adversely affect the solvency of this economic entity. Prospects for further research are related to the study of financial management instruments that can be used to improve the efficiency of the financial policy of enterprise. Thus, it is expedient to analyze the possibilities of using financial leverage in order to optimize the structure of equity and debt capital and increase the profitability of activities. The main methodological challenge for the implementation of analytical calculations is the complexity of forecasting performance indicators.

Effect of Piping Configuration on Determining Alarm Response Time in HP Scrubber Using Dynamic Simulation

The HP scrubber is an equipment used to separate liquid from gas in the oil and gas industry. The low liquid level in the vessel is one of the abnormal conditions in the HP scrubber, a blowby gas event will happen because of a low level. So, the controller level indicator is required to prevent system damage and workplace accidents. The alarm response time is calculated in order to avoid an accident. To determine the alarm response time for a HP scrubber, a dynamic process simulation method can be used using Aspen HYSYS version 12. In a process simulation modeling also requires a process description that can describe real-world conditions, one of which is the condition of the existing piping in the system. Failure scenarios caused a process to have abnormal conditions, allowing the alarm response time to be calculated, and it can be modelled by using the event scheduler facility In Aspen HYSYS. The HP scrubber's maximum alarm response time without pipe segments and with the addition of 16 m pipe segments are 2.42 minutes and 2.56 minutes. Meanwhile, the time from alarm to failure on the HP Scrubber without and with the addition of 16 m pipe are 13.60 minutes and 28.70 minutes, respectively. So, the length of segment pipes added to the pipe configuration does not really affect the alarm response time. However, it can affect the time until a process failure occurs.

Does it pay to treat employees well?: The case of informal finance

AbstractWe examine the role of employee treatment in firms’ access to informal finance in the form of trade credit. We find that better employee treatment improves the amount of informal finance a firm can obtain. This effect is stronger in environments with (1) more intensive product market competition, (2) highly customized inputs, (3) lower social capital and (4) high demand for skilled labor. Furthermore, the role of employee treatment varies according to a firm's financial health and liquidity. Employee treatment becomes less important for firms having a low level of liquidity but is more pronounced for firms experiencing financial distress.

Modeling of transition from stratified flow to condensation-induced water hammer in horizontal steam-water pipes

Kelvin-Helmholtz (K-H) instability theory is extensively used to predict the transition from stratified flow to slug flow. This study developed a one-dimensional (1-D) model based on K-H theory and considered the variation of axial wave amplitude to predict the transition from stratified flow to condensation-induced water hammer (CIWH). The prediction results of the present model were compared with the experimental data and existing models. The comparison shows that the present model could reasonably predict critical instability, which is the boundary between stratified flow and CIWH. Critical instability is divided into three types according to the wave amplitude of critical instability. Critical instability occurs at the upper limit, middle, and starting point of the exponential growth of wave amplitude under low, medium, and high liquid levels. The effects of major parameters, including liquid level, water temperature, pipe diameter, and pipe length, on the critical inlet steam Froude number and position of critical instability were analyzed. When the liquid level increases, the critical inlet steam Froude number decreases, then increases, and then decreases, and the position of critical instability moves downstream, then upstream, and finally turns to the steam inlet. The effect of water temperature, pipe diameter, and pipe length on the critical instability depends on the liquid level and is complex.

ФІНАНСОВА БЕЗПЕКА УКРАЇНИ ТА ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ЇЇ ІНСТИТУЦІЙНИХ ДЕФОРМАЦІЙ

The article examines the peculiarities of institutional deformations of the financial security of Ukraine. It was established that the functioning of the national economy of Ukraine in the conditions of the Russian-Ukrainian war creates additional risks of the negative impact of macroeconomic, financial and social factors on the economic security of the country. It was determined that the main institutional threats to the financial security of Ukraine in modern conditions are the shadow economy, corruption, raiding and unproductive capital outflow. First of all, the shadow economy is considered as an economic activity that is not taken into account, not controlled and not taxed by the state, aimed at obtaining income by violating the legislation of Ukraine. In Ukraine, the shadow economy accounts for almost a third of the produced GDP, and in 2010–2022 its size varies between 28–36 %. The calculation of the integral indicator of shadowing of the economy is calculated with the help of various methods: energy (level of electricity consumption), monetary (demand and supply of cash), estimation of population expenditure / retail turnover and unprofitability of enterprises. It was established that among the factors restraining the processes of detinization of the national economy are a low level of property rights protection, an insufficient level of intellectual property protection, a low level of stock market liquidity, the protection of investors’ rights and the inability of the regulator to counter abuses of money, etc. Secondly, it was established that the anti-corruption rating for 2022 has worsened, the country received 33 points out of 100 possible in the Corruption Promotion Index. It was determined that the dynamics of this indicator is improving, but there has been a certain “stagnation” in the fight against corruption in recent years. Thirdly, it was established that raiding complicates doing business and worsens investment attractiveness, and in conditions of martial law, increases the risk of illegal seizure of other people’s property. Raiding is not only a threatening institutional deformation, but also the most acute business problem. The problems of raiding are solved by tracking registration actions that are carried out with immovable property. It has been established that unproductive capital outflow is an illegal and inefficient operation of capital withdrawal abroad. Since the beginning of 2022, the Russian-Ukrainian war has significantly affected investor confidence and caused capital outflows, which has jeopardized the country’s economic and financial stability. Key words: shadow economy, raiding, corruption, unproductive capital outflow, financial security.

DEVELOPMENT OF EXCHANGE TRADING: CURRENT STATE AND PROSPECTS

The article analyzes the main trends in the development of global and domestic stock exchange trade. The development trends of the international stock market are considered and characterized. The current state and structure of global exchange trading in commodity and financial derivatives in 2013-2022 is analyzed. An analysis of the structure of the world exchange trade was carried out, in particular its following groups: stock indices, securities, interest rates, currency, energy resources, agricultural products, precious metals. The structure of the world stock market was studied by geographical regions. . The volume of trade activity in various regions was studied in 2013, 2021-2022. It was found that the largest percentage share of world trade activity during the last decade was occupied by the Asia-Pacific region. The main factors affecting the current state of development of stock trading in the world are systematized. The dynamics of exchanges in Ukraine during 1995-2022 were considered. The number and structure of exchanges by specialization were analyzed. The main problems of the development of the domestic exchange trade are summarized. The main problems of the development of domestic exchange trading are the imperfection of regulatory regulation and the inconsistency of the legislative framework, the low level of liquidity of exchange operations on commodity exchanges, the presence of non-exchange goods at auctions, the absence of trading in futures and options, the absence of an exchange culture. The directions of the development of exchange trade in the domestic economy have been determined. The key prospects for the development of domestic exchange trading are the establishment of effective development of exchange trading in agricultural products, the development of the market for renewable energy sources, the participation of Ukrainian producers in bidding on world exchanges, the creation of a favorable legislative space, the implementation of state programs to stimulate participation in exchange trading, preventing the increase in the number of exchanges on the commodity market. market, educational activities.

A Newly Developed Inverted Rotating Disk Electrode (IRDE) Setup for the Investigation of Photoelectrochemical Reactions

A new setup for an inverted rotating disk electrode (IRDE) was developed for the investigation of photoassisted or photoelectrochemical processes involving mass transfer reactions, as in electrodeposition or etching processes. In this setup, rotation of the disk electrode is achieved by magnetic coupling between a driver magnet (i.e. a magnetic stirrer) and the follower magnet included in the sample holder. For photoelectrochemical experiments, the cell allows a homogeneous illumination and removal of gaseous reaction products, while still providing leak tightness. In this way, controlled flow conditions are provided with the possibility to simultaneously illuminate the sample surface from a distance as small as 20 mm. At the same time gases formed during the reaction can easily ascend through the electrolyte.The light source is placed on top of the cell and illumination is done through the electrolyte. A low liquid level (≥ 15 mm) allows a small distance between the sample and the light source and therefore a high light intensity on the sample surface. Illumination is done using a high-power LED. Due to the high power, thermal effects need to be taken into consideration and especially an effective cooling of the LED is essential.As a wide band gap semiconductor, silicon carbide (SiC) has gained large interest due to its high chemical and physical stability. Since photoassisted anodic etching of n-type 4H silicon carbide in potassium hydroxide solutions [1] requires both UV illumination and the removal of gaseous reaction products, this reaction is investigated in the newly developed IRDE setup. Possible applications for such a process are defect decoration [2], trench etching, and dicing.Photoassisted anodic etching of n-type SiC occurs in three steps: (1) hole generation in the material through illumination with light with an energy higher than the bandgap of the semiconductor (2) oxidation of silicon and carbon through the holes driven to the semiconductor-electrolyte interface by an external potential and (3) dissolution of the oxidation products in the electrolyte. In accordance with the three steps of the reaction, different processes can be limiting: For low light intensities (either through a large distance between the sample and the LED or through low driving currents through the LED) the number of photon-induced holes is limiting. At low electrolyte concentrations, the transport of hydroxyl ions and the dissolution of the oxidation products determine the etch rate. For high light intensities and high electrolyte concentrations, the external potential and thereby the oxidation reaction are limiting for the overall current flow. These different reaction regimes can be distinguished in cyclic voltammetry measurements in the newly developed IRDE cell.[1] D. H. van Dorp und J. J. Kelly, „Photoelectrochemistry of 4H–SiC in KOH solutions,“ Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Bd. 599, Nr. 2, pp. 260-266, 2007.[2] J. L. Weyher, S. Lazar, J. Borysiuk und J. Pernot, „Defect-selective etching of SiC,“ physica status solidi, Bd. 202, Nr. 4, pp. 578-583, 2005. Figure 1

NFTs and Value

NFTs and Value

RESOURCE PROVISION OF FINANCIAL POTENTIAL OF A PRODUCTION ENTERPRISE

The financial condition of domestic enterprises in the modern economy is quite problematic. It's due to the low level of liquidity, monetary stability, the business activity of companies, and their inability to generate a sufficient level of profit. The situation is complicit by the lack of attention to the content, quality, and composition of the resource provision of the financial potential of the production enterprise. Resource provision solves the issues of continuous, targeted, timely selection of resources of the desired quality and quantity of preparation of operational managerial decisions within the financial potential of the production enterprise. The article aims to study the essence and system characteristics of the resource provision of the financial potential of the production enterprise. According to the study results, it was stated that resourcing is a functional system that resolves issues of continuous, targeted, timely selection of resources in the necessary quality and quantity for the analysis, planning, and preparation of operational managerial decisions within the financial potential of the productive enterprise. These provisions compel us to dwell on structuring such parts of the resource provision of the financial potential of a production enterprise as information and organizational support; methodical support. The structure of resource provision is a complex a resource system (financial, information and organizational resources, human resources, technological resources, and flows of all the resources listed), communicative environments (channels of movement of resources and communication between them), technical means (carriers and transmitters of information). Technological resources and their flows create a communicative environment. The optimum resource system of production enterprises is achieved by optimization of technological support in accordance with the modern management paradigm of the financial potential of production enterprises, in particular the introduction of a balanced scorecard. The results of the study determined the need for structuring: information support of the financial potential of the production enterprise; organizational support of the financial potential of the production enterprise; elements of the method of managing the financial potential of the production enterprise.

Technical Efficiency’s Nonparametric Analysis of Ecuadorian Saving and Credit Cooperatives before and during the Pandemic

Ecuador’s credit unions or COACs play a key role inside the local economy, and the pandemic period has shown the weakness of the entities. Understanding the efficiency of the country’s largest COACs and the different factors related to it can provide important information for policymakers and the sector in general. Therefore, our main goal was the evaluation of technical efficiency and the factors that influenced it during the years from 2009 to 2020 which included the pandemic period. For this, the DEA model was applied with production and intermediation focus, and this was applied to 19 COACs from the first segment of the sector. Findings reveal that the level of technical efficiency was larger in the pre-pandemic than the pandemic period. Efficient credit unions were characterized by higher profitability, low levels of liquidity and portfolio coverage, and a high rate of financial intermediation, among others, through the pre-pandemic period; however, debt restructuring was one the most important characteristics of nonefficient Credit Unions. The most important contribution of this study is the possible projection of different decisions that will allow the COACs to improve their role in the system given all the difficulties that the pandemic is causing around the world.

Performance analysis of a single-wire capacitance sensor for interface level measurement in stratified multiphase flows

A single-wire capacitance sensor can be used to measure the interface level of a conductive liquid in a stratified multiphase flow. This type of capacitive sensor uses the conducting core in an insulated wire as its first electrode, and the conductive fluid as its second electrode, separated by the wire insulation, producing a coaxial capacitor with a variable electrode length linearly correlated to the liquid level. Therefore in theory, there should be a linear relationship between the liquid level and measured capacitance value. However, at low liquid levels, the authors have observed a noticeable departure from the theoretical correlation in the way of an upward offset. The cause for such a departure is investigated by means of a simplified model geometry and attributed to an additional capacitance between the wire conductor and conductive plane provided by the liquid interface. Analytical and numerical modelling have been carried out to better understand this effect. Recommendations are given on how to correct it.

ТЕОРЕТИКО-МЕТОДОЛОГІЧНІ АСПЕКТИ ТА ЕКОНОМІЧНА НЕОБХІДНІСТЬ РЕСТРУКТУРИЗАЦІЇ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ

The scientific article is devoted to the study of theoretical and methodological features inherent in the restructuring of enterprises. The approaches of domestic and foreign scientists to the essence of the concept of "restructuring" are considered, which are divided into three groups. It was determined that the most objective approach is the approach according to which restructuring is interpreted as a continuous process of making changes in the company's activities, adapted to the conditions of the internal and external environment. Based on the analysis of domestic and foreign literature, a set of types of restructuring is summarized and characterized. In the form of a graphic interpretation, the main forms of restructuring, namely operational and strategic, are presented and described. A list of indicators is presented that are most often suggested to be calculated to determine the need for restructuring based on the identification of its type and form. The specified list of indicators was applied to the activities of the State Enterprise "Horodnytske Forestry". It was found that most of the indicators did not meet the recommended values or directions of change, and some of them even worsened in dynamics. It was determined that the main factors of the need for restructuring at SE "Horodnytske Forestry" are: an increase in the amount of short-term liabilities; low level of asset liquidity; obsolescence of fixed assets; a significant volume of stocks; decrease in revenue from product sales; the decrease in the level of solvency of the population and the COVID-19 pandemic; imperfect cost management policy. A method of assessing the restructuring capacity of the enterprise is proposed, which is based on the calculation of the integral indicator. The proposed method was tested at the studied State Enterprise "Horodnytske Forestry". The obtained value of the integral indicator confirmed the possibility and necessity of carrying out restructuring measures at the SE "Horodnytske lisov estvodstvo", primarily in the areas of profitability and property status. A block diagram for improving the enterprise restructuring mechanism is proposed, which provides for the sequential implementation of 13 stages, and also provides provisions that each restructuring process must comply with.

Numerical simulation of thermal–structural behaviour of liquid helium tank during filling process

In a large-scale helium cryogenic system, a tank is used to store liquid helium. To predict the cooling behaviour and thermal performance of the tank during liquid helium filling, a simple and efficient computational fluid dynamics methodology was used. The phase transition and temperature distribution in the tank were simulated through a two-dimensional thermal–fluid–structure coupling model. Based on the temperature data in the simulation, the stress and deformation on the wall surface were calculated using a finite element model. Liquid helium filling processes with different mass flow rates are analysed and compared, and the impacts on phase transition, liquid temperature, and thermal effects in the tank wall are discussed. The results show that the height of the liquid filling level has a significant influence on the boiling evaporation rate, the degree of temperature stratification, and the flow structure. The gas disturbance at the bottom of the tank is obvious, and the gas–liquid interface is in an unbalanced state, especially with a low liquid level. The simulation data indicate that the mass flow rate has a greater impact on the initial stage of filling. Oscillation of the gas–liquid interface is more evident with a lower mass flow rate. With an increase in the mass flow rate, temperature stratification becomes increasingly severe. According to the thermal calculation data, a filling rate that is too high or too low can lead to higher stress and larger deformation on the tank wall.