Lower Levels Of Depressive Symptoms Research Articles

Sexual orientation concealment, hope, and depressive symptoms among gay and bisexual men: a moderated-moderation model

ABSTRACT The prevalence of depressive symptoms among gay and bisexual men is cause for concern. This study aimed to investigate whether hope and its two components (agency and pathways) moderated the relationship between sexual orientation concealment and depressive symptoms in gay and bisexual men and whether the moderating effects were conditional on sexual orientation. Participants were 197 gay men aged 18 to 71 years (M = 35.13 years, SD = 12.18 years) and 212 bisexual men aged 18 to 66 years (M = 29.24 years, SD = 10.46 years) who completed The Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, The Sexual Orientation Concealment Scale, and The Adult Hope Scale. Results did not support the moderating role of hope, agency, or pathways. The interaction between sexual orientation and pathways was significantly associated with depressive symptoms. Higher levels of pathways were associated with lower levels of depressive symptoms for both groups of men, however, the association was stronger for gay men compared with bisexual men. Higher levels of hope, agency, and pathways were associated with lower levels of depressive symptoms. Interventions aimed at increasing hope may be beneficial for reducing depressive symptoms among gay and bisexual men.

Self-Warmth, Self-Coldness, and Depressive Symptoms Among Sexual Minority Adults

Depression is more prevalent among sexual minority adults than heterosexual adults. Whilst research has shown self-compassion is related to lower levels of depressive symptoms, few studies have focused on sexual minority adults. Furthermore, few studies have examined the relationship between the positive (self-warmth) and negative (self-coldness) components of self-compassion and depressive symptoms. This study aimed to investigate whether self-warmth and self-coldness were associated with depressive symptoms among sexual minority adults and whether these relations were moderated by gender and sexual orientation. An international sample of 439 sexual minority women aged 18 to 69 years (M = 30.21, SD = 10.70) and 391 sexual minority men aged 18 to 71 years (M = 32.20, SD = 11.74) completed the Center for Epidemiology-Depression Scale and the Self-Compassion Scale. Results indicated both self-warmth and self-coldness were significantly associated with depressive symptoms, however, self-coldness explained more unique variance (12%) than self-warmth (1%). Higher levels of self-warmth were significantly associated with lower levels of depressive symptoms and the association was not conditional on gender or sexual orientation. Higher levels of self-coldness were associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms. This association was conditional on sexual orientation but not gender. The association was stronger for bisexual adults than monosexual adults. Interventions such as compassion-focused therapy that target self-coldness among sexual minority adults may be beneficial for reducing depressive symptoms, particularly bisexual adults.

Effect of MAOA rs1465108 polymorphism on susceptibility to substance/alcohol use disorder: a novel PCR-RFLP assay for the detection of MAOA rs1465108.

The health and social consequences of substance/alcohol use disorders are harmful. Most of the individuals cannot stop using them due to more likely their genetic background. The current study aimed both to develop a novel PCR-RFLP method for genotyping of MAOA rs1465108 and to analyze the effect of MAOA rs1465108 on the risk of alcohol (AUD), opioid (OUD) or methamphetamine (MUD) use disorders and on the depressive and anxiety symptoms in a Turkish population. A total of 353 individual with AUD (n = 154), OUD (n = 160) or MUD (n = 39) and 109 healthy subjects were included. The intensity of anxiety and depressive symptoms and craving and opioid withdrawal were measured by appropriate scales. Logistic regression analysis revealed no association between MAOA rs1465108 polymorphism and substance/alcohol use disorder (p > 0.05). Healthy subjects (3.0) had significantly lower levels of depressive symptoms than individuals with OUD (27.0), AUD (21.0) and MUD (25.5) groups. The severity of depressive symptoms was significantly higher in OUD as compared to AUD. There was a statistically significant difference between individuals with AUD, OUD and MUD in view of the average ages of first use (17, 19 and 20 years, respectively) (p < 0.05). The results presented here do not support the hypothesis that MAOA rs1465108 is associated with substance/alcohol use disorders. The intensity of depressive symptoms could be changed according to the abused substance type. A novel PCR-RFLP was developed for genotyping of MAOA rs1465108 polymorphism, which could be a better option for laboratories without high technology equipment.

Understanding the Interplay of Religion, Social Relationships, and Depressive Symptoms in Later Life: An Analysis of Dynamics in Individual and Dyadic Contexts.

This study examined how religious participation at the individual level and the dyadic religious similarity at the couple level influenced depressive symptoms via social relationships among older Korean couples aged 65 and above. The sample included 1,191 couples from the seventh assessment of the Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing. The findings indicated that older adults who participated in religious activities more frequently showed lower levels of depressive symptoms through increased social interactions and marital satisfaction. Additionally, older couples with similar religious backgrounds showed higher levels of marital satisfaction than those without similar religious backgrounds, subsequently leading to lower levels of depressive symptoms. Overall, the associations between religion and depressive symptoms were similar for both genders. The findings provided insights into potential mechanisms leading to later-life depressive symptoms at both the individual and couple levels in terms of religion and social relationships and informed practical implications for older couples' marital relationships.

Informal Caregiver Social Network Types and Mental Health: The Mediating Role of Psychological Resilience

ABSTRACT Little is known about whether and why social networks protect mental health among informal caregivers. This study examined the association between informal caregiver social network types and depressive symptoms and the mediatory mechanism of psychological resilience. Latent class analysis, applied to cross-sectional data on 278 Singaporean caregivers, identified four social network types: restricted (42%), friend (16%), family (21%), and diverse (21%). Path analysis showed that the diverse social network type, compared to the restricted social network type, was associated with a lower level of depressive symptoms, and psychological resilience fully mediated this association. Interventions should help caregivers to maintain social networks with their family and friends.

Daily Functionality of People with Low Vision: The Impact of Visual Acuity, Depression, and Life Orientation-A Cross-Sectional Study.

Low vision (LV) has a significant negative impact on the activities of daily life as well as on the psychological health of patients. The objective of this study is to investigate psychological, clinical, and demographic factors that may impact the daily functionality of patients with LV. A convenience sample of 53 patients, meeting the WHO criteria for LV, was recruited. Questionnaires on daily functionality, depression, and life orientation (in terms of optimism/pessimism) were administered along with a semistructured personal interview. Key Findings. The main results revealed a significant negative correlation between daily functionality and depression (r = -0.423, p < 0.001). Conversely, there is a positive correlation between daily functionality and visual acuity (r = 0.415, p < 0.001), while years since diagnosis were negatively correlated with depression (r = -0.345, p < 0.001). Depression seems to be a moderate predictor of a person's daily functionality (β = -0.389, p < 0.002), followed by visual acuity (β = -0.344, p = 0.006), explaining the 31.1% of the total variance. The study supports a correlation between daily functionality and both depression and visual acuity. Optimism as a personality characteristic did not factor into the prediction model for daily functionality, but it showed a strong correlation with lower levels of depressive symptoms. This highlights the potential for developing coping strategies for chronic disease management. Recommendations. The study could serve as a useful guide and may urge clinicians to pay attention to the psychological evaluation of these patients, supporting their unique emotional needs. Mental health professionals can use patients' positive resources to provide appropriate counseling and embrace the coping skills that encourage their engagement in activities of daily life.

The influence of sibling relationship quality on emotional distress from adolescence to early midlife.

This study examines continuity and change in sibling relationship quality (warmth and hostility) from adolescence to adulthood, as well as how changes in sibling relationship quality across developmental stages are associated with early midlife emotional distress. Data come from the Family Transitions Project, a two-decade longitudinal study of youth and their families followed from adolescence to adulthood. The present study included target adolescent self-report data on warmth and hostility toward and received from their sibling over ten data points from ages 15 to 31. Target to sibling warmth decreased from ages 23 to 31, whereas sibling to target warmth increased in emerging adulthood and then decreased into adulthood. Both sibling to target and target to sibling hostility decreased in adolescence and emerging adulthood and then remained low and stable from emerging adulthood to adulthood. Target to sibling warmth at age 23 predicted lower levels of anxiety at age 41. Sibling to target warmth at age 23 also predicted lower levels of depressive symptoms. Target to sibling hostility at age 23 predicted anxiety and hostility in middle adulthood, whereas sibling to target hostility at age 23 predicted anxiety, depressive symptoms, and hostility. In addition, a slower decline in sibling to target hostility from ages 15 to 19 was associated with higher levels of anxiety at age 41. This study is one of the first to examine the quality of sibling relationships across developmental stages and exemplifies how relationship quality between siblings from adolescence to young adulthood can influence emotional distress into early midlife. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Associations of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviors with Depressive Symptoms and Mood Disturbance Throughout Pregnancy.

Purpose: Mental health is critical for a healthy pregnancy, yet few studies have evaluated its associations with best practice, objectively measured moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA) or sedentary behavior (SED). This study evaluated associations of MVPA and SED with mental health across pregnancy. Materials and Methods: Two cohort studies (total n = 125, mean [standard deviation] 31 [5] years, and 14.4% Black) measured MVPA (waist-worn ActiGraph GT3X) and SED (thigh-mounted activPAL) as well as self-reported depressive symptoms and mood disturbance in each trimester. Associations of group-based trajectories of MVPA and SED with depressive symptoms and mood disturbance were analyzed using regression analyses, both overall and by trimester. Results: Overall, the medium versus low trajectory of MVPA was associated with lower levels of depressive symptoms (B = -1.82, 95% confidence interval [CI] -2.97 to -0.68). In the second trimester, women in either the medium or high MVPA trajectories had lower levels of depressive symptoms compared with women in the low MVPA trajectory (B = -8.73, 95% CI -15.74 to -1.71; and B = -2.18, 95% CI -3.80 to -0.56). SED trajectories were not associated with depressive symptoms. Higher trajectories of MVPA and lower trajectories of SED were associated with lower total mood disturbance, with significant associations in the second trimester for MVPA and the first and second trimesters for SED. Higher MVPA trajectories were associated with higher tension, fatigue, and confusion subscales, while higher SED trajectories were associated with higher anger and fatigue and lower esteem and vigor subscales. Conclusions: MVPA and SED levels appear to affect mental health during pregnancy, although larger prospective studies are warranted. Clinical Trail Registration Number: NCT03084302.

Relationships among intimate partner violence, unfair treatment, depressive symptoms, and family support: A community-based study of Gujarati women in the Midwestern USA.

Intimate partner violence (IPV) and unfair treatment can negatively affect the health and well-being of many women, especially women of color. Few studies have investigated the mental health impact of both forms of victimization together. Unlike most research on Asian Indian women, which has used aggregated samples of women of various Asian Indian or South Asian descent, this study focused on a specific group of Asian Indians. Data were collected from a probability sample of Gujarati residents, aged 18-65 years, in a midwestern state of USA via computer-assisted telephone interviews. One third of married women reported having experienced IPV and two thirds received unfair treatment during the previous 6 months. Respondents overall reported a low level of depressive symptoms. Analyses using negative binomial regression models found that while both IPV and unfair treatment were positively associated with depressive symptoms, their interaction effect was not statistically significant. When IPV victimization and support from family were included in the model, the incidence rate ratio for unfair treatment became nonsignificant, but the significant effect of IPV remained. Findings suggest that practitioners not only in mental health and IPV programs but also in alternative settings frequented by Gujarati women should inquire about these types of interpersonal victimization and assist women in connecting with and cultivating supportive networks. More research on the mental health impact of IPV and other types of interpersonal victimization is needed for underresearched yet growing population groups to inform socioculturally responsive assistance programs. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Long-term Impacts of Civic Engagement during Emerging Adulthood: A Nationally-representative Study.

We examined if civic engagement during emerging adulthood positively impacted a broad array of outcomes in middle adulthood, and if associations varied based on race, gender, age, and urban-rural status. Prospective design used to determine if civic engagement during emerging adulthood (M age = 21.81) predicted outcomes 15years later. Restricted data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health. Wave 1 participants who completed surveys 7years (77% follow-up rate), 14years (80% follow-up rate), and 22years later (follow-up rate 72%) and who had valid sampling weight to ensure national representativeness (n = 9349). Predictor - civic engagement; Outcomes-mental health, substance use, criminal behaviors, and healthy behavior. Linear regression using MPLUS 7.2. Civic engagement predicted lower levels of depressive symptoms (b = -1.05, SE = .28), criminal behaviors (b = -.47, SE = .12), and substance use (b = -.66, SE = .13), and higher levels of healthy behaviors (b = 1.26, SE = .19), after controlling for demographics, family, peer, neighborhood, and school-related background variables. Moderation analyses revealed that civic engagement benefited females and white participants more. Civic engagement during emerging adulthood has a positive impact on a broad array of outcomes in middle adulthood. Implications and future research recommendations will be discussed.

Bedouin mothers' sense of authentic inner compass as a parenting resource: Relations with autonomy-supportive parenting and adolescents' well-being.

Sense of authentic inner compass (AIC) is the feeling that one knows what is important to oneself because one has values, aspirations, and goals with which one deeply identifies. Past research demonstrated the benefits of AIC, but there is no published research on parental dispositions promoting youth AIC. To increase knowledge of this issue, we examined whether mothers' sense of AIC is associated with a corresponding sense of AIC in their children, and explored autonomy-supportive child-rearing practices that may serve as pathways linking mothers' AIC with adolescents' AIC and subsequent well-being. We examined a Bedouin Israeli sample because it represents a fairly patriarchal, autonomy-eschewing, context, where the benefits of mothers' authenticity and autonomy-support are not obvious. One hundred and thirty-six mothers (Mean age = 44.33, SD = 5.22) and their children (Mean age = 13.79, SD = 0.45; 60% females) participated in a study conducted in June 2019. SEM analyses supported a model where mothers' sense of firm AIC was linked with adolescents' sense of firm AIC via adolescents' experience of their mothers as using the practices of inherent value demonstration and fostering inner valuing. Adolescent reported AIC in turn was associated with adolescents reported vitality and low levels of depressive symptoms. Mothers' AIC was associated with minimal use of conditional regard, which was negatively associated with depressive symptoms. Results suggest that mothers' AIC may be an important parenting resource, enabling mothers to convincingly demonstrate their values, as well as foster children's attunement to their authentic preferences, even in patriarchal-hierarchical contexts.

청소년이 지각한 부모의 심리적 통제 유형과 우울 증상 간의 관련성

This study aims to investigate the different profiles of parental psychological control, specifically focusing on separation-anxious psychological control and achieve-ment-oriented psychological control, and their associations with depressive symptoms in adolescent children. Participants were 367 middle and high school students in Seoul and Gyeonggi area. The levels of parental psychological control and depressive symptoms were measured using self-report questionnaires. The data were analyzed using t-test, Pearson’s correlations, latent profile analysis, and one-way ANOVA. The findings from the latent profile analysis indicated the existence of four distinct subtypes of psychological control as perceived by adolescent children: high maternal separation-anxiety control (HMSC, 7.1%), no parental psychological control (NPPC, 67.6%), low parental psycho-logical control (LPPC, 17.2%), and high parental psychological control (HPPC, 8.2%). Adolescent children in the NPPC profile exhibited significantly lower levels of depressive symptoms when compared to those in the other profiles. These results suggest that psy-chological control even from a parent may aggravate depressive symptoms of adolescents.

The impact of depressive symptoms on cognitive impairments in chronic ketamine users

BackgroundChronic ketamine use has been associated with cognitive impairments, while depressive symptoms are commonly observed in individuals using ketamine. However, the influence of depressive symptoms on cognitive impairments in chronic ketamine users remains unclear. This study aimed to examine the impact of depressive symptoms on cognitive function in this population. MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of chronic ketamine users. Participants underwent comprehensive cognitive assessments, including measures of attention, executive function, working memory, verbal and visual memory. Depressive symptoms were assessed using Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) scores. Multivariate analyses were utilized to compare the cognitive performance of individuals who use ketamine, both with and without depressive symptoms, as well as a control group, while controlling for relevant covariates. ResultsThe results revealed a significant negative impact of depressive symptoms on cognitive impairments, particularly in the domains of memory and executive function, among chronic ketamine users. The analysis of partial correlations revealed that among individuals who use ketamine and have depressive symptoms, those with higher levels of depressive symptoms demonstrated poorer cognitive performance compared to individuals with lower levels of depressive symptoms, controlling for potential confounding factors. ConclusionsThe findings suggest that depressive symptoms contribute to cognitive impairments, specifically in memory and executive function, in chronic ketamine users. Therefore, it is crucial to evaluate depressive symptoms when considering cognitive enhancement treatment for this population.

Associations Between Social Support, Resilience, HIV Stigma, And Depression Among People Living With HIV In Malang, Indonesia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Objective — This study aimed at analyzing the associations between social support, resilience, HIV stigma and depression among people living with HIV (PLHIV) in Malang, Indonesia. Material and Methods — We carried out a cross-sectional study using convenience sampling at four community health centers in Malang, Indonesia, from June to September 2018. All PLHIV 18 years of age and older coming to a healthcare center for medical services were offered a possibility to participate in this study. Consequently, 634 PLHIV enrolled in antiretroviral therapy (ART) programs were recruited. Measurement tests included sociodemographic questionnaire, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), HIV Stigma Scale, Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale (10-item version), and Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale Revised (CESD-R). While maintaining the confidentiality in the course of data collection, clinical staff assisted with recruiting and face-to-face interviews via standardized questionnaires. Multivariate logistic regression models were employed to assess the relationships between predictors and depression. Results — A multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that higher levels of social support and resilience, along with a lack of stigma, were associated with lower levels of depressive symptoms (Nagelkerke's R2=0.2). Conclusion — Calls to action to encourage and raise public awareness through health policies in Indonesia that focus on improving social support and resilience, as well as reducing social stigma, may have a positive impact on supporting the psychological health of PLHIV.

Fatalistic and Optimistic Coping Strategies Predict Depression in Arab Muslim Patients With End-Stage Renal Disease.

Depression is one of the common psychological problems in patients on hemodialysis. We aimed to identify the predictors associated with depressive symptoms among patients on hemodialysis from a population under-represented in research and minoritized in countries like the United States. This cross-sectional study used a convenience sample of patients in Oman. Data were analyzed using linear multiple regression. A total of 157 patients on hemodialysis participated in the study, with 40.5% reporting different levels of depressive symptoms. Higher stress levels (β = .643; p < .01) and higher perceived effectiveness of the fatalistic coping style (β = .144; p < .05) were significant predictors of depressive symptoms. Patients with a higher optimistic coping style (β = -.182; p < .01) had lower levels of depressive symptoms. Arab Muslim hemodialysis patients have significant levels of depressive symptoms. Identifying predictors of depressive symptoms may help identify those at risk and provide culturally appropriate interventions.

A CROSS-CULTURAL EXAMINATION OF SOCIAL PARTICIPATION, FAMILY INTERACTION, AND DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS

Abstract Social participation and family interaction are core components of later life. Less is known about cross-cultural differences regarding the relationships between social participation, financial support, caregiving, and depressive symptoms among older adults. This study aimed to estimate the association between these factors and depressive symptoms among older adults in Europe and China. We selected individuals aged 60 years and above from the 2017 Harmonized Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) (n = 11,676) and the 2018 Harmonized China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) (n = 5,559). Stepwise linear regression was used to analyze the data. Participation in social activities was found to be associated with lower levels of depressive symptoms among both European and Chinese older adults. Among Chinese older adults, providing financial transfers to adult children was associated with lower levels of depressive symptoms, whereas transfers to older parents was not significant. Care for older parents was associated with lower levels of depressive symptoms, while caregiving for children or grandchildren was not significant. Among European older adults, providing financial transfers to others was not significant. Care for grandchildren was associated with lower levels of depressive symptoms, while caring for other family members was associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms. In conclusion, participation in social activities, providing financial transfers to adult children, and caring for older parents have positive effect on psychological well-being of Chinese older adults. For European older adults, social activities and caring for grandchildren prove to be more beneficial.

NO PENSION, NO HAPPINESS?—FINANCIAL SUPPORT EXPECTATION IN THE OLDEST-OLD AGE AND DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS

Abstract Objective This paper aims to explore the effect of financial support expectation on depressive symptoms among the oldest-elderly. Method. Data were drawn from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) 2018. The analytical sample included 10641 respondents who were older than 45. Financial support expectations refer to whom they would reply on when they cannot work, which includes four categories: children, themselves (savings or commercial life insurance), pensions, and others. Linear regression models were employed after controlling for pension, health insurance and urban-rural household registration (hukou). Results More than half of the sample reported that they would rely on their children when they became too old to work. Those who reported that they would rely on themselves (b=-1.72, p=0.000) or pensions (b=-1.23, p=0.000) reported lower levels of depressive symptoms compared to those who would rely on their children. When pension and health insurance were controlled for, only those who would rely on themselves presented lower level of depressive symptoms. Pension and health insurance (except rural health insurance) mediated the association between the financial support expectation and depressive symptoms. However, the hukou status inhibited the mediating effect of pension and health insurance. Conclusion Financial uncertainty is a potential threat in the oldest-old age. Reducing the urban-rural inequality in pension and health insurance would help reduce the negative effects of financial uncertainty.

THE EFFECT OF MEDIA USAGE DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS IN KOREAN OLDER ADULTS

Abstract The current study was conducted to examine the structural relationship between change in the media usage during the COVID-19 pandemic, media use frequency, perception of social connectivity and depressive symptoms among older people in South Korea. The study sought to address the increased use of media among older adults during the pandemic. A cross-sectional dataset with 398 older adults aged 65 to 94 living in Seoul was analyzed using a structural equation model with the bootstrapping method. The findings are as follows. In terms of direct effects, older adults who used more media during the COVID-19 pandemic showed lower level of depressive symptoms (β=-.141,p&amp;lt;.001), older adults who used media more frequently showed an increase in the perception of social connectivity (β=.123,p&amp;lt;.001), and older adults with higher perception of social connectivity showed lower level of depressive symptoms (β=-.371,p&amp;lt;.001). In terms of the indirect effects, the perception of social connectivity had a significant mediating effect in the relationship between change in the media usage during the COVID-19 pandemic and depressive symptoms (95% CI: -0.044, -.001), as well as in the relationship between media use frequency and depressive symptoms (95% CI: -.059, -.033). The findings of the study underscore the importance of social connectivity in promoting mental health among older adults during periods of social isolation and highlight the potential benefits of media usage.

SEXUAL MOTIVES, MARITAL QUALITY, AND DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS OF MID-LIFE SAME- AND DIFFERENT-SEX COUPLES

Abstract Self-determined sexual motives, or self-endorsed reasons for having sex, is a significant determinant of psychological health with notable gendered patterns. However, previous studies mostly focused on young adult different-sex couples and fell short of exploring the mechanisms through which self-determined sexual motives are associated with psychological health. Using dyadic data from the Health and Relationships Project (HARP) on 124 gay, 171 lesbian, and 124 straight midlife married couples, this study examined the mediating role of marital quality in the association between self-determined sexual motives and depressive symptoms. Actor-partner interdependence mediation model (APIMeM) was used for analyses. Results showed significant mediating effects of individual’s own marital quality for all couple types (i.e., gay, lesbian, straight couples), such that individuals with higher levels of self-determined sexual motives reported better marital quality, which in turn was associated with their lower levels of depressive symptoms. For partner effects, same patterns emerged for lesbian and gay couples wherein individuals’ own marital quality mediated the association between their spouse’s sexual motives and their own depressive symptoms. However, there were gendered patterns within straight couples. For women, their own marital quality mediated the association between their partner’s sexual motives and their own depressive symptoms. For men, their spouse’s marital quality mediated the association between their partner’s sexual motives and their own depressive symptoms. These findings suggest marital quality as a useful intervention point to enhance the psychological health of midlife couples in same-sex and different-sex marriages and also highlight the salience of gendered dynamics within straight couples.

GRANDMOTHER CAREGIVERS’ RESILIENCE, MINDFULNESS, AND RESOURCEFULNESS AND MCCUBBIN’S MODEL OF FAMILY STRESS

Abstract Grandmothers raising grandchildren face numerous challenges that are reflected in their levels of depressive symptoms and perceived family functioning. Using McCubbin’s Resiliency Model of Family Stress, Adjustment and Adaptation, we examine how demographics, family demands (intra-family strains), mediators of problem-solving/coping (resilience, mindfulness and resourcefulness), resources (support) and situational appraisals (stress and reward) affect a) depressive symptoms and b) family functioning. Our participants were a nationwide sample of 300 American grandmothers raising grandchildren who participated in an online research study. Our regression model for general family functioning had an adjusted R2 of .44. Better self-appraisal of family functioning was significantly associated with younger participant age, identifying as white, higher levels of resourcefulness, fewer reported intra-family strains, more subjective social support and instrumental support. Situational appraisals, the problem solving/coping factors of resilience and mindfulness, employment status, and marital status did not significantly predict family functioning. Depressive symptoms, as measured by the CES-D scale, had an adjusted R2 of .46. Participants who were married, had fewer intra-family strains, higher levels of mindfulness and resilience, higher subjective support, and who appraised greater reward from caregiving to grandchildren had lower levels of depressive symptoms. There was no effect from caregiving stress, resourcefulness, employment status, or race. These analyses show the continued utility of McCubbin’s model, despite different patterns of predictors of family functioning and depressive symptoms. This further develops our prior work showing that resilience, mindfulness, and resourcefulness are correlated but independent theoretical constructs as they interact very differently with our two outcomes.