Lower Levels Of Agreeableness Research Articles

Understanding Suicide Cases in Nepal: A Comprehensive Analysis of Personality Traits

Understanding the intricate relationship between personality traits and suicidal tendencies is crucial for effective suicide prevention strategies. This paper delves into the influence of the Big Five personality traits - Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism (OCEAN) - on susceptibility to suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Through a comprehensive review of the literature and analysis of relevant cases, it explores how various personality traits intersect with suicidal ideation. Findings reveal that high neuroticism, characterized by emotional instability and negative affectivity, significantly correlates with suicidal intentions. Additionally, lower levels of agreeableness are associated with elevated suicide rates, suggesting a lack of empathy and cooperation may contribute to suicidal thinking. The paper underscores the importance of considering personality factors in suicide risk assessment and intervention strategies. By recognizing the role of personality traits in shaping individuals' responses to distress, tailored interventions can be developed to mitigate suicide risk and promote mental well-being.

Finding and Developing the 21st Century Scientific Pioneer

Research on the personality of creative scientists is revisited using the Neo-Socioanalytic model of personality psychology as an organizing framework. Past research shows that creative scientists, largely from the 20th century, were distinguished by high levels of openness to experience, dominance, ambition, intelligence, and low levels of agreeableness. Contradictory findings for environmental influences highlighted the potential importance of both supportive and adverse diversifying experiences. Developmental trends also run contrary to the likelihood of scientific creativity occurring later in life, which is consistent with the life span models of creativity. Based on this review, we highlight much needed updating to the basic science of scientific creativity, including the need to test these findings in populations other than older white men, and the testing of both environmental experiences and individual differences simultaneously. An agenda for identifying and developing the 21st century creative scientist is provided.

The Spanish Short Dark Tetrad (SD4): Association With Personality and Psychological Problems.

The Short Dark Tetrad (SD4) is a recently developed instrument for assessing the "dark" personality traits of psychopathy, narcissism, Machiavellianism, and sadism. We aimed to examine the SD4's psychometric properties, adapting it into Spanish and exploring its structure, gender invariance, reliability, concurrent validity, and nomological network. A sample of 668 adults (Mage = 26.36, SD = 10.64, 69.2% females) completed the SD4 and other self-report questionnaires. The results demonstrated sound indices of reliability and concurrent validity, an adequate four-factor structure, and support for gender invariance. Furthermore, most of the findings about the nomological network were in line with prior hypotheses: All four SD4 scales were associated with low levels of agreeableness and antagonism; psychopathy was also related to low conscientiousness, disinhibition and impulse-control problems; narcissism was positively associated with extraversion and negatively associated with internalizing symptoms; Machiavellianism was uncorrelated with impulsivity-related problems, which made it distinct from the psychopathy profile; finally, sadism showed a similar pattern of associations to psychopathy, albeit less strongly linked to impulsivity problems and externalizing behavior. Overall, the SD4 presents sound psychometric properties, although the overlap between psychopathy and sadism warrants some caution.

Personality Traits, Ideology, and Attitudes Toward LGBT People: A Scoping Review

ABSTRACT This scoping review investigates the existing literature regarding personality traits, ideology, gender roles, and attitudes toward LGBT people. The review was conducted through PubMed and Web of Science databases. After establishing inclusion- and exclusion criteria, 12 studies published between 2013 and 2023 were reviewed, three themes (personality traits, gender roles and differences, and political ideology) were identified through thematic analysis. Several of the studies reported a relation between the personality traits Openness to Experience, Agreeableness and Conscientiousness, and homo- and transnegative attitudes. In particular, lower levels of Agreeableness, high levels of Conscientiousness, and lower levels of Extraversion were related to prejudice. The Dark Triad, especially the antagonistic traits Psychopathy and Machiavellianism, had a strong association with homo- and transnegativity. Multiple studies showed a connection between negative attitudes and ideological views. Especially right-wing authoritarianism (RWA) and social dominance orientation (SDO) were strong predictors of negative attitudes toward LGBT people. The majority of the studies also reported a significant gender difference in attitudes, with men being more prone to exhibit prejudice toward LGBT people than women. There are practical implications of this review relating to interventions which may target the prevention of homo and trans-negative attitudes, promoting inclusion and integration.

The Dark Tetrad: analysis of profiles and relationship with the Big Five personality factors

The Dark Tetrad (DT) is composed of the traits of Narcissism, Machiavellianism, Psychopathy, and Sadism. Most studies analyzing the DT have employed a variable-centered approach, analyzing the traits separately. In the present study, we treat DT as a whole, adopting a person-centered approach. We analyzed different homogeneous subgroups of individuals characterized by specific DT profiles, aiming to examine their relationship with Big Five personality factors. A sample of 1149 participants (50.1% women, 18–79 years) completed The Short Dark Triad and the Assessment of Sadistic Personality instrument to assess DT, while the Mini-IPIP was used to assess the Big Five personality factors. Cluster analysis yielded five groups: Narcissism, Machiavellianism, Mean DT, Low DT, and High DT group. The main results showed that the High DT group was distinguished by higher levels of extraversion and lower levels of agreeableness and conscientiousness (compared with the Low DT group). Moreover, the Narcissism group was characterized by higher scores on emotional stability, openness to experience, and extraversion. Finally, distribution according to gender varied across DT groups (more men than women in the High DT group and the opposite in the Low DT group). Limitations and future lines of research are discussed.

Moderators of the relationship between callous-unemotional traits and externalizing problems in youth.

[Correction Notice: An Erratum for this article was reported online in Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment on Oct 26 2023 (see record 2024-19662-001). In the original article, the authors changed the order of authorship from "Blair D. Batky, Allison N. Shields, Jennifer L. Tackett, and Randall T. Salekin" to "Blair D. Batky, Allison N. Shields, Randall T. Salekin, and Jennifer L. Tackett." All versions of this article have been corrected. The names appear correctly in this record.] Callous-unemotional (CU) traits (i.e., tendencies to experience low levels of guilt and empathy) are associated with severe and persistent conduct problems in youth. However, some youth with elevated CU traits do not exhibit severe externalizing problems, and further research is needed to identify conditions under which CU traits are more versus less strongly associated with higher levels of externalizing behavior. To this end, the current preregistered study examined whether internalizing problems, five-factor model personality traits, and parenting practices moderated associations between CU traits and externalizing problems. Caregivers of 1,232 youth ages 6-18 (Mage = 11.46) reported on youths' CU traits, externalizing, internalizing, and five-factor model traits as well as on their own parenting practices. We found that the relationship between CU traits and externalizing was robust to the moderating effects of internalizing problems and parenting practices, but CU traits were more strongly related to externalizing problems at higher levels of neuroticism and at lower levels of agreeableness and conscientiousness. Results contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of externalizing problems among youth high in CU traits and may inform future longitudinal and intervention research seeking to identify factors that reduce externalizing behavior among high-CU youth. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Fear of Relationship Commitment and Singlehood

Not having an intimate partner is a common state in contemporary post-industrial societies. One reason that individuals report for being single is their fear of relationship commitment. The objective of the current research was to investigate the factors that are associated with the fear of relationship commitment and how this fear is associated with singlehood. In a sample of 453 Turkish-speaking participants, we found that lower levels of agreeableness, openness, mating performance, and relationship quality were associated with a higher fear of relationship commitment. Moreover, a higher fear of relationship commitment was linked to a greater likelihood of being single compared to being in an intimate relationship. Additionally, we found that lower levels of self-esteem, extraversion, and openness were associated with reduced mating performance, which, in turn, was associated with a higher fear of relationship commitment and a higher probability of being single compared to being in an intimate relationship.

Effect of English Learning Motivation on Academic Performance Among English Majors in China: The Moderating Role of Certain Personality Traits.

Previous studies have explored the interrelationship among learning motivation, personality traits, and academic performance, but little is known about the role of personality traits in the relationship between foreign language learners' motivation and academic performance, especially in the Chinese setting, where English is taken as a compulsory course in universities. This study aimed to fill the gap by investigating the relationship between English learning motivation and academic performance among English majors in China and identifying the moderating role of certain personality traits, sequentially providing some implications for improving college English teaching strategies in China. English majors (N=273) from different types of universities in China were recruited to complete the revised version of the English learning motivation scale and big five personality traits scales via an online survey platform. Descriptive statistics, correlation analyses and hierarchical regression analyses were performed to explore the relationships among the three variables. Results demonstrated that English learning motivation and openness both significantly influenced academic performance and significant interaction effects were found between English learning motivation and agreeableness. Specifically, agreeableness partially moderated the relationship between English learning motivation and academic performance, and English learning motivation had a positive effect on academic performance only for learners with lower levels of agreeableness. These findings not only addressed the gap of the moderating role of personality traits in the motivation-performance relationship but also extended our knowledge of the roles of English learning motivation and certain personality traits in English learning within the context of China, where English is taken as a foreign language, thus providing practical suggestions for college English teachers and researchers in China to improve students academic performance.

Developing Inclusivity from Within: Advancing Our Understanding of How Teachers’ Personality Characters Impact Ethnic Prejudice and Homophobic Attitudes

IntroductionUnderstanding how internal characteristics of teachers impact their teaching practices can shed light onto ways to promote inclusivity. Specifically, teachers’ personality traits and social anxiety could influence their acceptance of others, influencing student acceptance and achievement, yet minimal research has explored these relationships.MethodThe role of personality characteristics and social anxiety related to ethnic prejudices and homophobic attitudes were investigated in a sample of 551 Italian secondary school teachers (76% female, age range: 20–70; M = 46.20) using the teachers’ attitudes towards the representation of homosexuality in film and television scale, the big five questionnaire short form, the subtle and blatant prejudice scales, and the Social Phobia Inventory.ResultsThe first model suggested that higher levels of conscientiousness combine with lower levels of agreeableness and extraversion are related to blatant prejudice. As participant age increased, those with lower levels of agreeableness and higher levels of conscientiousness expressed subtle prejudice. Increased age combine with lower levels of agreeableness was also linked to negative attitudes towards lesbian and gay topics. Similar results were found in the second model, which included social anxiety; however, social anxiety was found to impact negative attitudes towards lesbian and gay topics only, while the effect of age towards subtle prejudice disappeared.ConclusionsPersonological characteristics such as personality and social anxiety were found to impact ones attitudes and acceptance towards ethnic groups and lesbian and gay populations.Policy ImplicationsOur findings highlight key areas of focus to help raise awareness and address socio-emotional through school supports, teacher trainings, and policy aimed at promoting inclusive education systems.

Big Five Personality Domains and their Impact on Problematic Mobile Phone Use among Medical Students in a Rural Tertiary Care Centre in Tamil Nadu India: A Cross-sectional Study

Introduction: The increasing usage of smartphones across the globe has resulted in considerable changes in people's daily lives, especially in terms of personality traits among adults. Research shows that the Big Five personality traits influence Problematic Mobile Phone Use (PMPU). Aim: To estimate the prevalence of PMPU using the Mobile Phone Problem Use Scale (MPPUS-10) and to evaluate the personality predictors of PMPU using the Big Five Inventory (BFI) questionnaire. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 289 medical students at a rural tertiary care centre in Tamil Nadu, India from November 2021 to April 2022. The questionnaire consisted of three sections. The first section collected demographic characteristics, the second section included questions on the MPPUS-10, and the third section contained questions from the BFI questionnaire. Reliability analysis was conducted to assess the internal validity of the MPPUS-10 questionnaire. Exploratory factor analysis using principal component analysis with varimax rotation and Kaiser normalisation was performed to measure the structural validity of the MPPUS-10 scale. A multiple linear regression model was applied to determine the relationship between PMPU and the personality domains. Results: The prevalence of PMPU among medical students was found to be 106 (36.7%). Spearman's rank correlation revealed a negative correlation between agreeableness personality (r=- 0.307, p-value <0.001) and conscientiousness personality (r=-0.369, p-value <0.001) with PMPU. Additionally, a positive correlation was observed between neurotic personality and PMPU (r=0.325, p-value <0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis demonstrated that agreeableness, conscientiousness, and neuroticism significantly predicted 44.4% of the scores on the PMPU (F=23.276, p-value <0.001 at the 1% level). Therefore, individuals with lower levels of agreeableness, conscientiousness, and higher levels of neuroticism scored higher on the MPPUS-10 scale. Conclusion: The prevalence of PMPU among medical students was found to be high, requiring attention. Individuals with lower levels of agreeableness and conscientiousness, as well as higher levels of neuroticism, were more likely to exhibit PMPU.

Pet cat personality linked to owner-reported predation frequency.

The domestic cat, Felis catus, is one of the most popular and widespread domestic animals. Because domestic cats can reach high population densities and retain at least some tendency to hunt, their overall impact on wildlife can be severe. Domestic cats have highly variable predation rates depending on the availability of prey in their environment, their owners' practices, and individual cat characteristics. Among these characteristics, cat personality has recently been hypothesized to be an important factor contributing to variations in the hunting activity of cats. In this study, we surveyed 2508 cat owners living in France about their cats' personalities, using the Feline Five personality framework, and the frequency with which cats bring home prey. Personality traits were analyzed using factor analysis and related to predation frequency using cumulative logit models. For both birds and small mammals, cats with high levels of extraversion or low levels of neuroticism had significantly higher frequencies of prey return. Owners whose cats had low levels of agreeableness or high levels of dominance reported a significantly lower frequency of bird return. Personality differences therefore seem to contribute to the high variability in predation rates among domestic cats. We also found that the owner-reported prey return frequencies were significantly higher for cats spending more time outdoors, for non-pedigree cats, and for owners living in rural or suburban areas as opposed to urban areas. By contrast, we did not detect an effect of cat sex or age on their reported prey return rates.

BJS Prize 2 Exploring variation in surgical practice: the colorectal surgeon's personality influences anastomotic decision-making in rectal cancer

Abstract Background The influence of internal surgeon-specific factors, such as personality, on cognitive bias and decision-making in surgery is not well understood. These factors may be particularly influential in clinical cases where there is a high degree of equipoise. This study aimed to explore personality traits that may influence anastomotic decision-making in rectal cancer. Methods Colorectal surgeons were invited via social media to participate in a 2-part online survey (Snap11). The survey included: 1) 44-item Big Five Inventory (personality), 2) 30-item DOSPERT (risk-taking), 3) 3-item Cognitive Reflection Test (thinking style), and twenty hypothetical patient scenarios involving rectal anastomotic decisions. Results 186 certified colorectal surgeons participated with 127 completing both parts (68.3%). 143 participants in this cohort were aged 30–49 years (79.6%) and 131 participants were male (70.4%). Surgeons scored higher than average population levels for emotional stability (degree of even-temperedness; 3.25 vs 2.97), with lower levels of agreeableness (ability to cooperate with others; 3.03 vs 3.74) and openness (creativity; 3.19 vs 3.67). Personality influenced anastomotic decision-making in specific circumstances e.g., high levels of openness predicted stoma formation when providing a second opinion, whereas high levels of extraversion predicted stoma formation when the patient was a staff member. Early career surgeons were highly influenced by colleague criticism following recent anastomotic leakage. Conclusions Surgeon personality influences anastomotic decision-making in difficult circumstances. Colleague support is vital following anastomotic leakage and is influential upon early career surgeons’ subsequent decision-making. Personality is modifiable through experiences, therefore targeted educational interventions (e.g. reflexivity) may enable surgeons to recognize their own cognitive biases.

Exploring variation in surgical practice: does surgeon personality influence anastomotic decision-making?

Decision-making under uncertainty may be influenced by an individual's personality. The primary aim was to explore associations between surgeon personality traits and colorectal anastomotic decision-making. Colorectal surgeons worldwide participated in a two-part online survey. Part 1 evaluated surgeon characteristics using the Big Five Inventory to measure personality (five domains: agreeableness; conscientiousness; extraversion; emotional stability; openness) in response to scenarios presented in Part 2 involving anastomotic decisions (i.e. rejoining the bowel with/without temporary stomas, or permanent diversion with end colostomy). Anastomotic decisions were compared using repeated-measure ANOVA. Mean scores of traits domains were compared with normative data using two-tailed t tests. In total, 186 surgeons participated, with 127 surgeons completing both parts of the survey (68.3 per cent). One hundred and thirty-one surgeons were male (70.4 per cent) and 144 were based in Europe (77.4 per cent). Forty-one per cent (77 surgeons) had begun independent practice within the last 5 years. Surgeon personality differed from the general population, with statistically significantly higher levels of emotional stability (3.25 versus 2.97 respectively), lower levels of agreeableness (3.03 versus 3.74), extraversion (2.81 versus 3.38) and openness (3.19 versus 3.67), and similar levels of conscientiousness (3.42 versus 3.40 (all P <0.001)). Female surgeons had significantly lower levels of openness (P <0.001) than males (3.06 versus 3.25). Personality was associated with anastomotic decision-making in specific scenarios. Colorectal surgeons have different personality traits from the general population. Certain traits seem to be associated with anastomotic decision-making but only in specific scenarios. Further exploration of the association of personality, risk-taking, and decision-making in surgery is necessary.

Trolling as a Destructive Online Practice: Adolescents and Young People as Victims, Aggressors and Bystanders

Adolescents and young people, as active online users, face various forms of destructive online behavior, among which cyberaggression dominates. The widespread use of cyberaggression as a negative manifestation of digital sociality determines the interest of psychologists to study its various forms. Yet there is a lack of research on even the most common manifestations of online aggression, particularly trolling, which is an emotionally significant online practice for the younger generation. The aim is to identify the socio-psychological factors of adolescents and young people encountering trolling and to analyze, taking into account the role structure of this situation, the features of negative manifestations of digital sociality as a result of the experience of social interaction online. 1554 adolescents aged 12–17, 736 young people aged 18–30, and 1105 parents of adolescents aged 12–17 from 8 federal districts of Russia evaluated their experiences and possible reactions to trolling and also completed questionnaires measuring user activity, compliance with online and offline communication rules, Internet addiction, personality traits, tolerance, empathy, aggressiveness. Survey results reveal the role of trolling witness as the most common among adolescents and young adults, often underestimated by parents of adolescents. A higher risk of encountering trolling is typical for users with higher digital activity, especially for adolescents aged 12–13. The personal characteristics associated with trolling are less willingness to observe communication etiquette, less tolerance and conscientiousness, more aggressiveness and neuroticism. The choice of the “troll” role was associated with lower levels of agreeableness and tolerance and higher levels of aggressiveness, while the preference for an active prosocial role was associated with higher levels of empathy, tolerance, agreeableness and willingness to comply with online and offline communication.

Do birds of a feather flock together? Clients' perceived personality similarity, real relationship, and treatment progress.

In the present study, we examined whether clients' perceptions of similarity to their therapists in terms of the Big Five personality traits were associated with the real relationship and, indirectly through the real relationship, to treatment progress. Data collected through an online crowdsource platform from 212 adult clients in individual psychotherapy were analyzed using polynomial regression and response surface analysis. Results indicated that clients who perceived greater similarity to their therapists at higher (vs. lower) levels of Conscientiousness and Openness to Experience reported stronger real relationships, as did clients who perceived greater similarity at lower (vs. higher) levels of Neuroticism. Similarly, clients reported a stronger real relationship when they perceived their therapists as similarly high in Extraversion, but the real relationship decreased slightly when the similarity was perceived at higher (vs. moderate) levels of this trait. Perceived similarity at high and low levels of Agreeableness was also associated with stronger real relationships. There was no evidence of an indirect association between client-perceived similarity and treatment progress via the real relationship. However, clients who perceived greater similarity to their therapists at higher (vs. lower) levels of Openness to Experiences and Conscientiousness reported more progress in treatment. Implications for theory, research, and practice are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

321 Subjective Sleep and NEO Five Factor Personality Domains in Individuals with Primary Insomnia Compared to Good Sleeper Controls

Abstract Introduction Insomnia is a common sleep disorder in adults. Primary Insomnia (PI) can be specified in cases where the insomnia symptoms cannot be overtly attributed to medical, psychiatric, or environmental reasons. Although the underlying predisposing causes of insomnia are unclear, one possible contributing factor may be personality traits. To date no consensus on the relationship between insomnia and personality has been determined, although many studies have found a general association with neuroticism. To better explore these associations, this study compared NEO Five Factor Model (FFM) personality traits with measures of subjective sleep in PIs and Good Sleeper (GS) controls. Methods Nine PI and nine GS matched for age, sex, and education were studied. Each participant was administered the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and NEO FFM. Participants also completed a sleep diary for 1-week. ANOVAs compared PI vs GS on ISI, PSQI, NEO FFM, and 7-day averaged data from the sleep diary. Lastly, sleep variables were collapsed across groups and Pearson correlations were run to explore the relationship between sleep and personality. Results PIs (4M/5F, age=39.6+/-10.1, education=16.0+/-1.7) and GSs (4M/5F, age=38.6+/-7, education=15.1+/-1.5) showed significant differences in ISI (p&amp;lt;.001) and PSQI (p&amp;lt;.001) total scores. Additionally, the groups differed on diary measures of total sleep (p=.001), sleep efficiency (SE: p&amp;lt;.001), sleep latency (p=.005), and wake after sleep onset (p&amp;lt;.001). On the NEO FFM only the Agreeableness domain was found to differentiate the two groups (p=.004). Pearson correlations found significant negative relationships for Agreeableness with ISI (r= -.625/p=.006), PSQI (r= -.611/p=.007), and a significant positive relationship with SE from the sleep diary (r=.602/p=.008). Conclusion In a small but well-matched study of PI and GS, significant differences in Agreeableness on the NEO FFM were observed. Lower levels of agreeableness were associated with poorer sleep on the ISI and PSQI, and lower SE on the sleep diaries. Unlike other published reports this study did not find a relationship between insomnia and neuroticism, which may reflect the use of a well-screened Primary Insomnia sample with limited comorbidities. Future research should determine if other insomnia subtypes (e.g., psychophysiological, paradoxical insomnia) are associated with different personality profiles. Support (if any):

Differential response to SSRI versus Placebo and distinct neural signatures among data-driven subgroups of patients with major depressive disorder

Objective: To identify data-driven subgroups in Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) in order to elucidate underlying neural correlates and determine if these subgroups have utility in predicting response to antidepressant versus placebo. Methods: Using 27 clinical measures at baseline of Establishing Moderators and Biosignatures of Antidepressant Response for Clinical Care for Depression (EMBARC) study, participants with MDD (n=244) were sub grouped using principal component (PC) analysis. Baseline-to-week-8 changes in depression severity with sertraline versus placebo were compared in these subgroups. Resting-state functional connectivity of these subgroups were compared to those of healthy controls (n=38). Results: Eight subgroups were identified from four PCs: (PC1) severity of depression-associated symptoms, (PC2) sub-threshold mania and anhedonia, (PC3) childhood trauma, medical comorbidities, and sexual dysfunction, and (PC4) personality traits of openness and agreeableness. Participants with high childhood trauma experienced greater improvement with sertraline (Cohen's d=0.87), whereas those with either higher levels of subthreshold hypomanic symptoms (Cohen's d=0.67) or with lower levels of agreeableness and openness experienced greater improvement with placebo (Cohen's d=0.71). Participants with high childhood trauma had greater connectivity between salience and dorsal attention networks, whereas those with higher levels of subthreshold hypomanic symptoms and lower levels of agreeableness and openness had greater connectivity within limbic network and that of visual network with hippocampus and dorsal attention network. Conclusion: Assessing history of childhood trauma, presence of subthreshold hypomanic symptoms and personality traits may help to identify subgroups of patients with MDD who respond differentially to sertraline or placebo and have distinct neural signatures.

Workplace violence, post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms, and personality

Patient violence against staff members in forensic psychiatric institutions is highly prevalent. To date, little is known about individual characteristics that increase the likelihood of being victimized. Therefore, the current cross-sectional study was designed to investigate the extent to which staff members' Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptoms and the Big Five personality traits are linked to perceived patient violence. Moreover, it was investigated to what extent staff members' personality affected the association between PTSD symptoms and perceived workplace victimization. Data were obtained from 353 staff members in forensic psychiatric institutions (51.8% female, age, M = 42.4, SD = 12.1). Regression analyses showed that lower levels of emotional stability and higher reports of PTSD symptoms were associated with experiencing more verbal patient violence, whereas lower levels of openness and higher levels of extraversion were associated with experiencing more physical patient violence. Personality moderated the association between PTSD symptoms and physical victimization with the association being stronger for individuals with higher levels of conscientiousness and lower levels of agreeableness. These findings provide useful information for tailoring interventions in clinical practice aimed at reducing the risk of patient-staff violence.

AGREEABLENESS SEBAGAI MODERATOR HUBUNGAN EKSPOSUR TAYANGAN ANTISOSIAL DAN PERUNDUNGAN-SIBER PADA REMAJA

This study examined the moderating effect of agreeableness on the relation between exposure of antisocial media and cyberbullying. The subjects of the research were 293 junior high school students 12-16 years old (M = 13,58; SD = 0,74) in Malang City. Instruments used were The Cyberbullying Questionnaire, Content-based Media Exposure Scale, and The Big Five Inventory. The result indicated that agreeableness is moderator exposure of antisocial media and cyberbullying (β = -0,155; p = 0,006). Correlation between exposure of antisocial media and cyberbullying is stronger in adolescents with low levels of agreeableness than adolescents with high agreeableness.

A prospective study of personality and illicit drug use in Australian adults

This study explored whether personality relates to past and subsequent use of illicit drugs. A near-representative sample of 12,525 Australian adults (5772 men; 6743 women) completed self-report measures of personality at baseline and returned to complete measures of personality and illicit drug use four years later. After controlling for sociodemographic factors, higher levels of neuroticism, extraversion and openness, and lower levels of agreeableness and conscientiousness, were associated with a greater likelihood of subsequent illicit drug use, as well as a greater likelihood of having ever used an illicit drug. Increases in openness and decreases in conscientiousness over four years were also associated with a greater likelihood of recent illicit drug use. These findings were relatively consistent for cannabis, methamphetamine, cocaine, ecstasy, and hallucinogens. There were no sex moderation effects, but the association between openness and likelihood of having ever used an illicit drug was stronger among older adults. Personality traits were unrelated to age of first use of an illicit substance. Small–medium effect sizes were observed for personality dimensions combined, and small effect sizes were observed for individual effects. Overall, findings indicated that openness and conscientiousness were most strongly related to past and subsequent illicit drug use.