Lower Knowledge Scores Research Articles

Nursing Students' Knowledge, Attitudes and Beliefs About Testicular Cancer and Testicular Self‐Examination

ABSTRACTWhat are the levels of knowledge, attitudes and beliefs of nursing students regarding testicular cancer and testicular self‐examination (TSE)? Is there a significant difference between male and female nursing students in terms of their knowledge, attitudes and beliefs about testicular cancer and TSE? Testicular cancer is the most common cancer affecting young men, yet awareness and knowledge about the disease and early detection methods, such as TSE, remain insufficient among men. Nurses play a critical role in raising awareness and addressing gaps in knowledge about testicular cancer and TSE. This study aims to assess nursing students' knowledge, attitudes and health beliefs concerning testicular cancer and TSE, as well as the factors influencing these outcomes. Nursing students are the future of the nursing profession, and it is essential to address any gaps in their knowledge during their training to ensure they are well‐prepared for their roles in patient education and care. This study employed a descriptive, correlational and multicentred design. The sample consisted of 524 nursing students. The inclusion criteria were being enrolled in the 2nd, 3rd or 4th year of a nursing program. Data were collected through an online survey using Google Forms. Statistical analysis was conducted using chi‐squared tests, independent t‐tests, correlation coefficients, and multiple linear regression to examine the relationships between the variables. The study revealed that both female and male nursing students had low average knowledge scores concerning testicular cancer and TSE. However, a significant gender difference was observed in previous awareness of testicular cancer, with females demonstrating higher levels of awareness compared to their male counterparts. Among the independent variables included in the model, perceived benefits and health motivation had a significant positive effect on male students' knowledge about testicular cancer (β = 0.039, p = 0.018), while perceived barriers had a significant negative effect (β = −0.064, p = 0.002). These variables were statistically significant predictors of male students' knowledge about testicular cancer. The study determined that nursing students' knowledge and attitudes regarding testicular cancer and TSE were low. Among the subscales of the Health Beliefs Scale, the highest mean score was observed for the ‘seriousness’ subscale, while the lowest was for the ‘health motivation’ subscale. Due to the structure of the scale, it was only applicable to male students, which prevented the assessment of female students' beliefs and influencing factors, representing a significant limitation of this research. To ensure nursing students graduate with sufficient knowledge about testicular cancer and TSE, it is recommended to integrate educational and awareness initiatives, such as projects, seminars and public service announcements, into undergraduate nursing curricula.

Parkinson’s disease in the Lebanese population: knowledge and attitude scales’ validation and correlates

BackgroundParkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive degenerative neurological disorder that negatively affects the quality of life of affected individuals as well as their care givers. There is limited information in both epidemiological data and awareness level on PD in the Middle East. Considering the increasing prevalence of PD, the lack of awareness and negative attitudes toward PD pose a barrier in the provision of appropriate care for individuals with PD.ObjectiveThis study aimed to validate scales to explore the knowledge and attitude towards PD among the general population in Lebanon and identify the associated factors related to the knowledge and attitude assessment. This study’s results would guide awareness strategies in the country including public health strategies, campaigns and education sessions for the general population as well as targeted people.MethodologyAn online cross-sectional study was conducted between July and September 2023 in Lebanon. Snowball sampling was used to recruit 400 Lebanese adults living in Lebanon. The validity and reliability of the knowledge and attitude scales were assessed, followed by a thorough statistical analysis to explore the factors associated with these scales.ResultsThe knowledge and attitude scales generated by this study were valid and reliable; Cronbach’s alpha values for knowledge and attitude scales were 0.697 and 0.901, respectively. Using these scales, 91.8% demonstrated inappropriate knowledge and 93% showed positive attitude towards PD. Higher knowledge scores were significantly associated with female gender (Beta = 1.130), being a healthcare professional (Beta = 2.514), having heard about PD (Beta = 5.338), obtaining the source of information from electronic databases (Beta = 1.283), from pharmacist or physician (Beta = 1.212), from personal readings (Beta = 2.386), and having PD or knowing someone with PD; a friend or a family member (Beta = 1.179). However, being illiterate or having primary or secondary education (Beta = -0.874), having a higher household crowding index (Beta = -1.890), not knowing if contents from sources provide negative images about PD (Beta = − 1.908) and preferring not to say to which social class they belong (Beta = − 1.602) were significantly associated with lower knowledge scores. Believing that contents from sources provide negative images about PD (Beta = 8.246) was significantly associated with a higher attitude score, i.e., a more negative attitude towards PD.ConclusionThis study showed low levels of knowledge and an overall positive attitude towards PD in Lebanon. Factors associated with higher knowledge and attitude scores, including gender, education level, profession, knowing someone with the disease, household crowding index, social class, source of information and contents of such sources, reflect the need to consider those when implementing targeted corrective actions. Future studies can focus on educational campaigns to improve public awareness, reduce misconceptions and limit barriers to the early diagnosis and provision of optimal care to the affected patients.

Healthcare workers’ knowledge and preparedness for unprecedented foodborne botulism outbreak in Saudi Arabia

BackgroundThe recent unprecedented foodborne botulism outbreak in Saudi Arabia necessitated an assessment of healthcare workers' (HCWs) knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP). This study assessed healthcare workers' knowledge regarding the transmission, contagiousness, presentation, and diagnosis of foodborne botulism, as well as their management practices, including contacting public health authorities, administering antitoxin, preparedness to respond to botulism cases and consulting generative Artificial Intelligent (AI)-chatbots, like ChatGPT. MethodsA cross-sectional online survey targeting Saudi HCWs was conducted from May 6–19, 2024, following the first foodborne botulism outbreak. The survey, developed by infectious disease and public health experts according to the Saudi Public Health Authority (SPHA) botulism guidelines, covered several sections: demographics, knowledge about foodborne botulism, attitudes and perceptions, intended practices, and worry level. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics, multivariable linear regression to assess factors influencing knowledge, and multivariable logistic binary regression to evaluate factors affecting confidence in handling botulism. ResultsAmong the 1058 participants, the knowledge score was 9.69/20 (48.4 % correct ± 18 %), with higher scores among HCWs working in tertiary centers, older than 34 years, reading SPHA botulism protocol, and using scientific journals as main information sources. HCWs consulting ChatGPT had significantly lower knowledge scores (p-value < 0.001). HCWs displayed highly intended practices in managing botulism, with a mean score of 4.10/5. The self-rated management confidence was moderate (2.84 ± 1.05 out of 5-points). Multivariable logistic binary regression showed that previous experience with botulism and reading SPHA protocol were the most significant factors associated with a higher management confidence. ConclusionsThis study highlights significant HCWs’ knowledge gaps during unprecedented foodborne botulism outbreak. Previous experience with botulism cases and reading recent guidelines were associated with higher knowledge and confidence, while reliance on ChatGPT was linked to lower scores. This study emphasizes the importance of timely publishing local guidelines to favorably affect both knowledge and confidence to deal with infectious outbreaks. Future research should evaluate long-term effectiveness of educational interventions.

Primary care provider beliefs and knowledge of prescribing gender-affirming hormone therapy to transgender and gender diverse patients

BackgroundTransgender patients often cannot access a provider who is knowledgeable about providing gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT). This study evaluated primary care provider (PCP) comfort and experience with, opinions about, and knowledge of prescribing GAHT to adults.MethodsAn anonymous Qualtrics survey was distributed to PCPs in San Diego County. Fisher’s exact test assessed any association between age, years in practice, or practice setting and 1) comfort in prescribing GAHT and 2) favorable statements about learning about, providing, and benefitting from training in GAHT. T-tests determined relationship between age, years in practice, or practice type setting with number of correctly answered multiple choice knowledge-based questions out of 4.ResultsOut of 220 responses, median age was 41, 60% had practiced for ≤ 10 years, and 19% had practiced in an academic setting. Forty-two percent did not receive any education about transgender healthcare during medical training. The most commonly reported barrier to providing GAHT was lack of training (74%). PCPs age ≤ 41 (67% vs 49%, p = 0.009), PCPs practicing for ≤ 10 years (65% vs 51%, p = 0.037), and PCPs in non-academic settings (64% vs. 41%, p = 0.013) were more likely to report being comfortable with prescribing GAHT. PCPs age ≤ 41 (89% vs 62%, p < 0.001) and PCPs practicing for ≤ 10 years (86% vs 66%, p < 0.001) were more likely to show interest in learning about GAHT. PCPs age ≤ 41 (74% vs 46%, p < 0.001) and PCPs practicing for ≤ 10 years (70% vs 50%, p = 0.003) were more likely to show interest in prescribing GAHT. Knowledge scores were higher for PCPs age ≥42 (mean 1.7 vs 1.4, p = 0.033) and PCPs working in academic centers (mean 2.0 vs 1.4, p = 0.002).ConclusionYounger (age ≤ 41) and early career (practicing for ≤ 10 years) PCPs reported being more comfortable with prescribing GAHT and had more favorable opinions in learning about, providing, and benefitting from training in GAHT. They are interested in providing GAHT; however, few prescribe GAHT with most reporting lack of training as a major barrier. This was evident with overall low knowledge scores regardless of age, experience, or clinical setting and underscores the need for increased educational efforts in transgender care throughout medical training.

Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices towards Influenza Vaccine among Guangzhou Residents: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Influenza vaccination is an important prevention strategy for flu illness. However, the vaccination rate is still low in Guangzhou, China. This study aimed to understand the status of knowledge, the attitude towards the vaccines' reliability and safety, and other aspects associated with the willingness and practice of influenza vaccines in the pediatric and adult populations of Guangzhou city. This study was performed in eleven districts in Guangzhou between November 2020 and December 2020, including the Yuexiu, Liwan, Haizhu, Tianhe, Baiyun, Panyu, Huadu, Nansha, Huangpu, Zengcheng, and Conghua districts. The parents of children and teenagers under the age of eighteen in Guangzhou were surveyed using self-administered questionnaires in four domains: demographic information, the knowledge status and perception of influenza vaccination, the willingness and attitude towards influenza vaccination, and previous vaccine uptake. A multivariable logistic regression was employed to assess the possible determinants of willingness and practice to receive influenza vaccination, calculating the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence interval (CI). A two-sided p-value < 0.05 was deemed statistically significant. A total of 13,213 valid questionnaires were collected (validity rate 98.8%). Out of these participants, 42.62% (5631 participants) expressed a willingness to receive the influenza vaccine, while 55.40% (7320 participants) reported that their children and teenagers had been vaccinated against the flu. Furthermore, 40.44% of the respondents (5343 participants) or other family members had received the influenza vaccine. Logistic regression indicated that factors such as being female (OR = 1.395, 95% CI: 1.278-1.522), being involved in the work of COVID-19 prevention and control (1.551, 1.396-1.724), affirming the preventive effects of vaccination (2.474, 2.106-2.906), knowing about annual influenza vaccination (2.756, 2.540-2.992), and understanding prioritized influenza vaccination populations (1.464, 1.343-1.596) were all positively associated with vaccination willingness. Conversely, middle-aged persons (aged 40-49 years old) (0.726, 0.617-0.853), higher educational levels (undergraduate versus middle school) (0.858, 0.768-0.959), heightened concerns about vaccine safety (considering side effects are obvious versus considering it is safe and basically no side effects) (0.284, 0.188-0.429) and lower knowledge scores (0.813, 0.701-0.942) were adversely linked with vaccination willingness. These findings provide essential insights for altering the perception of influence and influenza vaccination, as well as enhancing health communication strategies to improve influenza vaccine uptake among Guangzhou residents.

Public Awareness of the Symptoms and Risk Factors of Thyroid Disease in Saudi Arabia.

Thyroid disorders are a common manifestation of hormonal disorders that result from either excessive or insufficient production of thyroid hormones and the swelling of the thyroid gland. A lack of information and awareness of the signs and risk factors of thyroid problems can lead to untreated patients, thereby harming public health. Observational cross-sectional research was conducted in the Al-Baha region of Saudi Arabia, with 531 residents selected from the general population. The data were analyzed using SPSS to derive significant insights, and questionnaires were used to collect the data. The results revealed that 79 (14.9%) of the participants had been diagnosed with thyroid disease. The risk factors for thyroid diseases reported were as follows: female gender (386, 72.7%); exposure to radiation (329, 62.0%); smoking (312, 58.8%); family history (300, 56.5%); and insufficient or excess intake of iodine (277, 52.2%).Only 110 (20.7%) of the participants knew that the use of amiodarone medication is a risk factor for thyroid diseases. The symptoms reported included fatigue (430, 81.0%), feeling cold, and weight gain (409, 77.0%); neck lump (379, 71.4%); depression (367, 69.1%); and hair loss (336, 63.3%). Early diagnosis (426, 80.2%), a well-exercised program (394, 74.2%), and a well-balanced diet (392, 73.8%) were the prevention methods reported by a majority of the participants. The study results revealed an average score of 13.57±2.11, with a minimum knowledge score of 0 and a maximum of 25. A statistically significant difference was observed in knowledge scores based on the participant's gender, age, education level, previous diagnosis with thyroid diseases, family history of thyroid diseases, and having performed thyroid gland investigation with p-values <0.05 (<0.001, 0.019, 0.027, <0.001, 0.023, and 0.031), respectively. Nearly half of the participants had low knowledge scores regarding the risk factors and clinical manifestations of thyroid diseases. Although a sizable proportion of participants demonstrated awareness of some clinical presentations and prevention methods, there are serious knowledge gaps regarding the risk factors and symptoms of thyroid disease among the general population in the Al-Baha region. There is a need for targeted health education programs to improve public awareness of risk factors and early detection and prevention measures of thyroid diseases to improve the quality of life among community members.

Evaluation of Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices for Hepatitis B Virus Infection Among Primary Healthcare Physicians in Georgia.

A nationwide serosurvey among adults in 2021 showed a 2.7% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.3%-3.4%) prevalence of hepatitis B. Our analysis evaluates knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection among primary healthcare physicians (PHPs) in Georgia. We randomly selected 550 PHPs from medical facilities in Georgia's six largest cities. Using bivariate ordinal regression, we assessed the association of socio-demographic factors with an ordinal knowledge score (low/middle/high). Multivariable logistic regression was performed to calculate adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% CI to determine associations between HBV knowledge score and practices. Of 550 selected PHPs, 506 (92.0%) agreed to participate. Among them, 62.8% scored in the medium or high knowledge tertiles, 72.7% were confident in diagnosing HBV infection, 37.3% were confident in managing patients with hepatitis B; 47.4% reported being screened for and 26.2% reported being vaccinated against HBV infection. Compared to those with low knowledge scores, PHPs with a high score were less likely to recommend activities not supported by evidence, such as: the use of 'hepatoprotective' medications (aOR 0.43, 95% CI 0.25-0.73), caesarean sections (aOR 0.47, 95% CI 0.27-0.82) and withholding breastfeeding (aOR 0.57, 95% CI 0.34-0.96) to prevent HBV transmission. The majority of PHPs were confident in diagnosing HBV infection, but only one in three were confident in managing patients with hepatitis B. PHPs with higher HBV knowledge were less likely to provide inaccurate instructions to their patients. These findings will help to develop awareness and education campaigns supporting HBV elimination in Georgia.

A Survey of the Knowledge and Attitudes of First-Time Pregnant Women Regarding Infant Hearing Loss.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the knowledge and attitudes of first-time pregnant women regarding hearing loss in infants, and to identify the key factors that influence their perceptions. After validating and ensuring the reliability of a well-structured questionnaire consisting of 15 items, it was distributed to a total of 400 pregnant women who were experiencing their first pregnancies. Utilizing a cluster sampling method, participants were selected from both public hospitals and private gynecologist offices across diverse geographic regions in Tehran, Iran. Participants were asked to respond on a three-point scale (No, Not Sure, Yes). The results were analyzed using both descriptive and analytic statistics. The translated questionnaire exhibited suitable face validity, test-retest reliability, and internal consistency. Findings revealed the highest maternal knowledge for "newborns can be born with hearing loss "(77.5%) and the lowest knowledge score was observed for "delayed birth cry can lead to hearing loss" (23.8%). Regarding attitudes, 72.5% of mothers scored above the mean of 5.65 out of 6, indicating a preference for early diagnosis and intervention. Several factors, such as education level and the mother's city of residence, showed a significant correlation with certain knowledge and attitude-related questions. Notably, individuals receiving care at public hospitals showed greater knowledge compared to those visiting private clinics. Mothers play a crucial role in child health and need to have a thorough understanding of pediatric diseases in order to make informed decisions. One particular condition that mothers should be well-informed about is hearing loss, as it has a significant impact on language development. However, this study reveals that there are gaps in maternal knowledge when it comes to the specific causes of hearing loss.

Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Orthodontists and Orthodontic Residents Regarding the Management of Impacted Maxillary Canine Teeth

Aim: This research aimed to assess the understanding, attitudes, and clinical practices of orthodontists and orthodontic residents in managing impacted maxillary canine teeth. Methods: Conducted in 2023, this cross-sectional study surveyed orthodontists and residents from nine provinces in Iran. A custom-designed questionnaire evaluated their knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding the treatment of impacted upper canines. Data analysis involved multiple backward linear regression and Pearson's correlation tests. Results: A total of 96 participants—72 orthodontists and 24 residents—completed the questionnaire. The average knowledge score was 6.41 ± 1.94, and the mean attitude score was 15.9 ± 2.7. A significant positive correlation existed between knowledge and attitude scores (P = 0.001). Participants who saw more patients weekly had higher knowledge scores (P = 0.002), while those with more clinical experience had lower knowledge scores (P = 0.002). Attendance in additional periodontology or oral surgery courses significantly influenced attitudes (P = 0.001). Faculty members preferred apically positioned flaps for labially impacted canines, whereas other participants favored closed exposure techniques (P = 0.025). Clinicians with a higher patient load (P = 0.02) and more experience (P = 0.00) were more inclined to extract the lateral incisor and replace it with the impacted canine. Conclusion: Iranian orthodontists and residents demonstrated above-average knowledge and positive attitudes toward managing impacted maxillary canines. Certain clinical preferences were significantly associated with their knowledge levels.

Evaluating the effectiveness of a community-based health promotion intervention on knowledge improvement regarding low birth weight and its determinants among antenatal couples in Sri Lanka

BackgroundImprovement of the knowledge of pregnant mothers and their partners related to low birth weight (LBW) is a vital factor in preventing LBW and reducing its prevalence.ObjectivesImplement and evaluate the effectiveness of a community based health promotion intervention on pregnant mothers and their partners to increase knowledge on birth weight and its determinants. The second objective is to determine the difference of the birth weight after implementing the intervention.MethodsA quasi experimental study design was used, and the setting was 806 pregnant mothers, 403 each in two districts. In 26 ANCs, twenty six initial training sessions were conducted as a group, with an average of three hours for each session. Three follow up sessions were conducted in each ANC over 04 months (in total 104 sessions). All sessions were conducted in groups of 10 to 20 antenatal couples. The pregnant mothers and their partners completed interviewer-administered questionnaires. Pre and post data were analysed based on four major knowledge categories using statistical methods. The McNemar’s Chi Square test; Chi Square test, Fisher’s Exact test, Paired t test, Student’s independent sample t test, Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test and Mann Whitney U test methods were applied as appropriate.ResultsBoth mothers and their partners in the intervention group (IG) reached significantly higher gains in knowledge than in the comparison group (CG). The participants who got the lowest scores for knowledge, at the pre assessment, in IG, also improved more than the CG {mothers (p = 0.002) and partners (p = 0.007)}. The mean birth weight shows that the IG has significantly improved for both mothers (p < 0.001) and partners (p = 0.013) with low knowledge scores (< 50% of total).ConclusionsKnowledge about birth weight and its determinants among pregnant mothers and their partners improved significantly.

Knowledge, Awareness, and Prevalence of Irritable Bowel Syndrome in the Saudi Community: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background The common chronic condition known as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) lacks any visible anatomical, biochemical, or pathogenic cause. IBS significantly strains healthcare systems by sending a considerable number ofpatients to gastrointestinal clinics. Objective The present study investigated the knowledge, awareness, and prevalence of IBS among a sample of the Saudi community. Methods The current cross-sectional investigation was carried out from January 2, 2024, to March 15, 2024, using an electronically distributed questionnaire. IBMSPSSStatistics for Windows, Version 26 (Released 2019; IBM Corp., Armonk, New York, United States) was employed for statistical analysis. Results The study included 1,008 participants (655, 65% females and 353, 35% males). Most individuals (421, 42%) were from theage group of 18-30 years. Among participants, the prevalence of IBS was 31.8% (n=320). Regarding IBS knowledge, 42.2% (n=425) had low knowledge scores, 38.6% (n=389) had moderate knowledge scores, and only 19.2% (n=194) had high knowledge scores. The majority of respondents (886, 87.9%) believe that IBS affects QoL. Most participants (885, 87.8%) had good knowledge of the common symptoms of IBS. Additionally, 85.1% (n=858) of respondents recognized the psychological and emotional effects associated with IBS. Younger participants (under 20 years old) and single participants had significantly lower knowledge scores than their comparable groups (p<.001). Female participants had a higher percentage of high knowledge scores (13.4%) than males (5.9%) (p=.002). Conclusion The current study's findings showed that participants' knowledgeof IBS was inadequate. Around one-third of the participants suffered from IBS. Younger, unmarried individuals and females had differentknowledge scores than their counterparts. The study's findings imply that further education and awareness campaigns are needed to improve understanding of IBS.

The challenge of colorectal cancer (CRC) screening in low and middle-income countries (LMIC): Acceptance, knowledge, and preferences in Brazil.

153 Background: Presenting an increasing incidence and high mortality rates, CRC is a challenge that many LMIC face and struggle to establish an effective screening strategy. Brazil is one of the few Latin American countries and LMIC that have a population-based CRC screening program, targeting ages 50-74 and performing a fecal occult blood test (FT) every 2 years and colonoscopy/sigmoidoscopy as a confirmatory test. Methods: We conducted a survey in patients visiting the primary care unit in the months of January and March 2024 in three distinct settings (Rural, Suburban, and Urban) aiming to estimate acceptance, knowledge, and preferences regarding FT and colonoscopy. Patients aged 50-74 were invited to join this study, excluding those with a history of CRC, and we used the integrated digital charting platform to set demographic variables. At the end of the survey, participants were invited to undergo CRC screening. Those who refuse to screen would select the main reason. Results: A total of 1,031 individuals responded the survey, which 52% were females and the median age was 62 years. A total of 763 (74%) accepted to undergo CRC screening with an overall preference for FT (72%) compared to colonoscopy (53,5%). FT acceptance remained somewhat constant in both gender subgroups (70-75%), and a lower colonoscopy acceptance in the male subgroup (46%). In the subdivided geographic setting groups, the rural population (12%) had the lowest knowledge score and the lowest overall acceptance rate (65%), ranking “No symptoms” as the main reason for not screening. The suburban and urban subgroups showed an equivalent overall acceptance rate (74-75%), ranking “Busy schedule” and “Healthy lifestyle” as the main reasons for not screening. Conclusions: Data suggests that an effective CRC screening depends on multiple factors. While literature sustains the weight of cost and long waiting times, this study contributes adding a new, more granular perspective. Efforts in patient education, and clarification of misconceptions and anxieties could prove to be an important step in the right direction. A closer contact between patient and healthcare provider could make the difference between screening or not. A leave of absence or mailed FT might be of great benefit for those with a busy schedule, while interaction with CRC survivors seems to drastically increase colonoscopy acceptance, an important intervention that should be encouraged and widespread. Although this study has its limitations due to sample size and geographic characteristics, it lays down a new layer in understanding the individuals and planning actions to prevent the advance of CRC in LMIC.

Awareness and Knowledge of Congenital Cytomegalovirus (cCMV) Among Audiologists and Speech-Language Pathologists in Saudi Arabia: A Cross Sectional Survey.

Congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) is the most prevalent congenital infection in the world. It can result in various neurodevelopmental disorders, one of which is environmental hearing loss among children. This study aimed to assess the awareness and knowledge of cCMV among audiologists and speech-language pathologists (SLPs) in Saudi Arabia and to seek their perception of it. An online survey was conducted from May to June 2023, targeting participants through social media, and a descriptive and inferential analysis was performed. A total of 107 participants (31 audiologists and 76 SLPs) were enrolled in this study. Awareness about cCMV was significantly higher among audiologists (84%) compared to SLPs (49%) (p-value < 0.001). However, both groups exhibited poor cCMV knowledge, which was revealed by their low mean knowledge scores (6.8/14 for audiologists and 5.7/14 for SLPs). The difference between their mean scores was non-significant (p-value > 0.05). The majority of SLPs and audiologists agreed that it is crucial for them to learn more about cCMV to enrich their professional backgrounds. This study emphasized the necessity for cCMV education for audiologists and SLPs. Increased awareness and knowledge may allow them to be more mindful of cCMV symptoms and therefore provide enhanced service to their pediatric patients.

An Alarming Poor Knowledge with Moderate Confidence Towards Asthma Management among School Teachers: The Dunning–Kruger Effect

ABSTRACT Childhood asthma is a highly prevalent chronic illness with a large burden. Schools play an essential role in helping children with asthma manage their illness. This study assessed primary school teachers’ knowledge and confidence in managing children with asthma in Jordan. A descriptive correlational design was used. A total of 131 teachers from 10 primary schools participated in the study and completed the asthma knowledge questionnaire and the confidence scale. Findings demonstrated low teacher knowledge scores (10.47/32) yet moderate levels of confidence in asthma management (59.3/100). No correlation and no significant difference in knowledge and confidence were found between teachers based on their demographics. Findings from this study are consistent with prior research regarding poor knowledge and limited confidence in asthma management among school teachers. The overrated confidence might be explained by the Dunning–Kruger effect. Findings are discussed about supportive efforts to improve teachers’ knowledge and skills of asthma management in schools.

Knowledge and Practice toward DEXA Scan among Women in Jazan City, Saudi Arabia.

Background: Osteoporosis, characterized by reduced bone mass and increased fracture risk, presents a significant public health challenge. Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) scans offer a reliable means of assessing bone mineral density (BMD) and detecting osteoporosis. The aim of this study is to assess awareness, attitude, and practice of women in the Jazan region toward DEXA scan. Methods: Data were collected through a self-administered online questionnaire. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS version 29.0. The total knowledge scores of participants were calculated to assess potential associations with sociodemographic data. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Among 400 women, 230 (57.5%) had low knowledge scores primarily due to poor knowledge of the DEXA scan procedure. Merely 39 women had undergone a DEXA scan mainly due to medical prescription (n = 22, 56.4%). Total knowledge scores were significantly higher among women with high monthly incomes (p = 0.019) and those working in medical-related jobs (p = 0.017). Conclusions: This study underscores the need for targeted interventions to improve awareness of DEXA scans among women in Jazan City. Additionally, the findings suggest that socioeconomic factors may influence awareness levels, emphasizing the importance of tailored educational strategies to reach diverse demographics.

Educational Intervention Effects on Bilateral Tubal Ligation Knowledge among Women Attending Antenatal and Family Planning Clinics in Bomet County

Bilateral Tubal Ligation (BTL) is a highly effective contraceptive method with more than 99% effectiveness at preventing pregnancy. Its uptake remains low in Sub-Saharan Africa, at 1.6%. The Kenya Health and Demographics Survey 2014, indicated that almost half of the married women did not desire further childbearing. The low acceptance of BTL as a method of contraception in this region has been attributed to a lack of knowledge and cultural and religious misconceptions. This study aimed to determine the level of knowledge about BTL at baseline and the impact of an educational intervention among women attending ANC/Family planning clinics at Tenwek and Longisa Hospitals in Bomet County. A quasi-experimental study design was used. Demographic characteristics, knowledge of BTL, perceived risks, and benefits were assessed at baseline and post-intervention. A difference measure was used to assess the impact of the intervention at 95% CI, with a p-value of 0.05 considered significant. The data was analyzed using STATA version 18. The mean age of the participants at baseline and post-intervention was 29.0±5.8 years and 29.2±5.6 years, respectively. Overall, 62% of participants said they would choose BTL, with 52% in the post-intervention arm. When asked if their religion allowed BTL, 80.6% said yes and were supported by their husband (92%), However, 62% said they couldn't have it if their spouse was against it. In general, lower knowledge scores were obtained in the post-intervention arm, implying that the educational intervention provided did not influence participants' knowledge of BTL. There was no statistically significant difference in the participants' knowledge levels at baseline and post-intervention [3.3 (-3.2 to 9.9); p-value=0.3]. Educating families, particularly women of childbearing age, about alternative family planning methods would increase uptake, allowing families to achieve desired family sizes while limiting the impact of unwanted pregnancies and maintaining a healthy population.

Iodine status and knowledge among pregnant and lactating women in Large City in Northern China after nearly 30years of the universal salt iodization.

With the implementation of the universal salt iodization, the iodine nutrition for children and adults has been appropriate, but pregnant women are still at risk of iodine deficiency. It is of great public health significance to explore the iodine status and knowledge, and influence factors and the appropriate health education methods among pregnant and lactating women. From January 2022 to December 2023, at least 50 pregnant women and 50 lactating women were randomly selected from the resident population annually in 16 districts of Tianjin, North China. A total of 1671 pregnant women and 1658 lactating women were recruited. All participants' households salt and random urine samples were collected. A questionnaire was conducted to collect data on iodine related knowledge and behaviors as well as needs of health education from all participants. Logistic regression models were constructed to analyze the factors affecting the iodine related knowledge level. We used the Rasch model and the quadrantal graph to analyze the participants' knowledge level on different iodine-related questions and their needs for health education. The median urine iodine concentration (UIC) of pregnant and lactating women in Tianjin were 152.40 μg/L and 124.60μg/L. In some districts, the median UIC of pregnant and lactating women below the appropriate range. The iodized salt coverage rate of pregnant and lactating women in Tianjin was 76.12% and 77.40%, respectively. In pregnant and lactating women who did not actively supplement with iodine, the median UIC in those who consumed non-iodized salt were significantly lower than that in those who consumed iodized salt (139.26μg/L and 154.40μg/L, P = 0.044; 94.60μg/L and 123.80μg/L, P < 0.001). Compared with the low knowledge score group, pregnant women in the high knowledge score group had a higher proportion of iodized salt consumption (71.25% and 78.05%, P = 0.003), and pregnant and lactating women in the high knowledge score group had a higher proportion of actively supplement iodine (44.61% and 55.34%, P < 0.001; 39.26% and 49.78%, P < 0.001). Health education may be the main factor affecting the iodine related knowledge scores for pregnant and lactating women, with adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of 2.89 (2.30, 3.62) and 2.46 (1.97, 3.07), respectively. Pregnant and lactating women are most expected to acquire knowledge through healthcare professionals (72.11%) and wechat/website (74.91%), respectively. Pregnant and lactating women in some areas of Tianjin are at risk of iodine deficiency. Iodized salt consumption is an important way to ensure iodine nutrition of the population, and the lack of iodine related knowledge is an important factor affecting the consumption of iodized salt. Health education in different ways can be carried out for different people to improve the acceptance and efficiency of health education.

Educator Knowledge of Childhood Conduct Problems and Callous-Unemotional Traits

Research evaluating mental health literacy (MHL) of adults who support children with mental health difficulties is relatively scarce. To date, no studies have investigated educator knowledge of conduct problems and callous-unemotional (CU) traits. This is a significant gap in the literature since conduct problems are among the most prevalent childhood mental disorders, while CU traits are associated with poor academic, behavioral, and social outcomes in school settings. In the current study, we assessed educators’ knowledge of the characteristics and management of conduct problems and CU traits. Participants were N = 390 preschool and primary/elementary school educators (Mage = 38.62 years, SD = 11.66; 91% woman-identifying; 71% White) who completed a Knowledge Test and survey assessing educator characteristics and various student-educator outcomes. Averaged across items, educators scored 57.1% on the Knowledge Test. We identified gaps in educator knowledge with respect to identifying characteristics associated with distinct domains of externalizing difficulties and evidence-based management strategies. Educators’ years of experience and accreditation status were not associated with knowledge. Paraeducators had significantly lower knowledge scores than teachers and leadership. Unexpectedly, greater knowledge was not associated with better student-teacher relationship quality or more positive perceptions of students with conduct problems. Findings support the need for universal MHL programs focused on conduct problems and CU traits, especially among paraeducators, while also suggesting that more intensive interventions may be required to improve educator-student relationship quality.

Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Toward Intracerebral Hemorrhage Prevention Among Patients Taking Oral Anticoagulants.

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) affects up to 1% of chronic oral anticoagulation (OAC) users per year. This study explored the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) towards ICH prevention among patients taking OACs. This multicenter cross-sectional survey was conducted at 4 hospitals from February to May 2023, and a self-administered questionnaire was developed to assess KAP toward ICH prevention among patients taking OACs. Structural equation modeling was used to assess the relationship between KAP. A total of 536 valid questionnaires (67.25%) were analyzed, from 43.8% participants on Warfarin, 40.5% on Rivaroxaban and 15.7% on Dabigatran. The average knowledge, attitudes and practice scores were 9.22, 24.11, and 28.01 out of 16, 35 and 40, respectively. Participants who received Rivaroxaban had lower knowledge scores but higher attitude and practice store compared to those who received Warfarin or Dabigatran (all p < 0.001). According to Structure Equation Modeling, attitude had direct positive effect on practice (β = 0.694 [0.603-0.804], p = 0.012), while knowledge had direct negative effect on attitude (β = -2.077 [-2.507-1.651], p = 0.013), as well as negative effect on practice, both direct (β = -0.450[-0.689-2.03], p=0.012), and indirect (β = -1.441 [-1.928-1.192], p = 0.004). Patients taking OACs showed insufficient knowledge, negative attitude and proactive practice regarding ICH; practice scores were affected by age, type of anticoagulation medication, and attitude rather than knowledge.

Correlation between Knowledge and Attitudes on Arsenic Contamination among Blood Clam (Anadara granosa) Sellers at Traditional Markets in North Surabaya

Background: Indonesia, with its vast coastline, has become a major exporter of seafood products, including clams, generating millions of dollars in revenue. However, clams are frequently associated with foodborne illnesses, due to the presence of hazardous marine pollutants like arsenic. Objective: This research examines the connection between the knowledge and attitudes of sellers, regarding arsenic contamination in blood clams sold at traditional markets in North Surabaya. Method: The study employed a cross-sectional method, collecting primary data through direct interviews and questionnaires from 35 blood clam sellers in North Surabaya, as well as secondary data from previous studies. Results: The data were analyzed using the chi-square test, which indicated that there is / was no significant correlation between the sellers' knowledge and attitudes (p &gt; 0.001). Conclusion: Consequently, it can be concluded that there is a lack of association between the sellers' knowledge and attitudes toward arsenic contamination in blood clams sold at traditional markets in North Surabaya, as evidenced by the high attitude scores (related to healthy practices) but low knowledge scores in the questionnaire.