Low Educational Level Of Mother Research Articles

Assessment of potential risk factors associated with early childhood caries in a subpopulation of children from Thrace region of Turkey.

Early childhood caries (ECC) is considered a global health concern due to its high prevalence and effect on the overall health of children. The present study aimed to investigate prevalence of ECC and associated risk factors in a Turkish subpopulation of children. Five hundred forty-two (299 boys, 243 girls) children were enrolled in this study. Caries experience on primary teeth was measured using decayed or filled teeth (dft) index and the presence of caries was diagnosed if dft >0. A structured questionnaire was employed to mothers through interview. ECC was significantly associated with increased age (OR=1.032; 95% CI, 1.018-1.047; p.

Relation between Water Source and Rotaviral infection: An Observational Study

Fecal pollution of water is a major concern in river based countries as it is associated with transmition of the pathogens. Rotavirus is one of them which is the major cause of acute severe dehydrating diarrhoea in children below five years. This cross-sectional observational study was designed to determine the association of contaminated water source with Rotaviral infection among under five children admitted in the Department of Paediatrics, Sylhet MAG Osmani Medical College Hospital, Sylhet and was carried out in the Department of Microbiology during the period from 1st January to 31st December, 2018. Total 184 under five children with acute watery diarrhoea were enrolled in this study by convenient sampling. Stool samples were obtained and assayed for rotavirus antigens by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Rotaviral antigen was found positive in 86 cases. The Rotavirus infection was found highest in age group of 7 to 12 months (50.56%) and in male (59.30%) children. It was found significantly higher in patients from lower socio-economic condition (64.00%), in rural area (48.75%) and those who consumed unboiled pond water (94.44%). It was found higher among those children who were not exclusively breastfed (83.87%). Bottle feeding, lower educational level of mother and improper hand washing may serve as predisposing factors of rotavirus disease in these children. Using of contaminated drinking and household water has an important relation with Rotaviral infection. Ignorance of using boiled water can play a significant role for increased prevalence of Rotaviral diarrhoea.

Mothers’ Knowledge and Reported Practice Regarding Inhalation Therapy for their Children Suffering from Croup

Background: Croup is one of the most common causes of upper airway obstruction in youngchildren. It is characterized by sudden onset of barky cough, hoarse voice, inspiratory stridor andrespiratory distress caused by upper airway inflammation secondary to a viral infection. Mothers’Knowledge and Reporting Practice constitute a major factor in helping to achieve successful control ofcroup in children. Aim: assess mothers' knowledge and reported practice regarding inhalation therapyfor their children suffering from croup. Design: A descriptive analytic design was used to accomplishthis study. Settings: The study was carried out in inpatient units at pediatric department and outpatientpediatric clinic affiliated to Benha University Hospital and Benha Specialized Pediatric Hospital.Subjects: A convenient sample of 100 mothers accompanying their children with croup at previouslymentioned settings. Tools of data collection: Two tools were used: Tool (1) Arabic StructuredInterviewing Questionnaire Sheet including two parts: a) Mothers and children characteristics. b)Mother’s knowledge about croup and inhalation therapy. Tool (2) Observational check lists, to assessmother's reported practice regarding inhalation therapy, physiotherapy and care of fever. Conclusion:More than half of the studied mothers had inadequate knowledge and unsatisfactory level of practiceabout croup and inhalation therapy .The low knowledge and incorrect practice of mothers mostlyaffected by residence (rural), low educational level of mother, age (less than 30 years and more than 40years), occupational status (housewives) and dis attending training courses. The study recommendedand emphasized the importance of: Improve the knowledge and practice of mothers' by provideadequate education to mothers' about croup cause, signs , symptoms, risk factors, complications andtreatment with focus on inhalation therapy by encourage the role of media, nongovernmentalorganization and health workers

Timeliness of childhood vaccinations in Armenia, 2015–2016

BackgroundSuccessful control of vaccine preventable diseases not only requires high coverage but also requires that vaccines are administered in a timely manner. Prior studies have examined the timing of vaccinations in Armenia and found that although vaccination coverage is high, children are not receiving the vaccinations in a timely manner. This study aims to further elucidate the timing and associated factors of childhood vaccinations among children in Armenia in 2015–2016. MethodsData from the Armenia Demographic and Health Survey (ADHS) from 2015 to 2016 were used to examine the timing of WHO-recommended vaccinations during the first year of life of all living children under three years of age, which included a vaccine against tuberculosis (BCG), three doses of a diphtheria, pertussis and tetanus vaccine (DTP), three doses of a polio vaccine (Pol) and a measles-containing vaccine (MCV). The Kaplan-Meier method was used to assess age-appropriate receipt of vaccinations. Cox proportional hazards models with a shared gamma frailty to account for clustered sampling were used to determine factorsassociatedwith timely vaccinations. ResultsVaccination coverage was high ranging from 80.6% for the third dose of DTP to 98.4% for BCG, yet the proportion of children with delayed vaccinations increased with each dose in a series, with 51.9% and 48.5% having a delayed receipt of the third doses of DTP and Pol respectively. Factors associated with delayed vaccinations included female gender, certain regions of residence, previously delayed vaccinations, poorer wealth index and lower educational level of mother. There were no differences in timing of vaccinations between clusters. ConclusionsAlthough coverage was generally high, a high proportion of children under three in Armenia experienced delays in receiving the recommended vaccinations. Continued focus on adherence to the immunization schedule is necessary to ensure optimal coverage and protection for children in Armenia from vaccine preventable diseases.

Evaluation of Risk Factors Associated with Rotaviral Diarrhoea among Under Five Children in Sylhet Region of Bangladesh

Retrovirus is the major cause of acute severe diarrhea in under five children and contributing 10,000 to 27000 deaths each year in Bangladesh. This cross-sectional study was designed to determine the risk factors associated with Rotaviral among under five children admitted in the Department of Paediatrics, Sylhet MAG Osmani Medical College Hospital, Sylhet and was carried out in the Department of Microbiology during the period from 1st January to 31st December, 2018. Total 184 under five children with acute watery diarrhoea were enrolled in this study by convenient sampling. Stool samples were obtained and assayed for rotavirus antigens by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Rotaviral antigen was found positive in 86 cases.The Rotavirus infection was found highest in age group of 7 to 12 months (50.56%) and in male (59.30%) children. It was found significantly higher in patients from lower socio-economic condition (64.00%), those who were from rural area (48.75%) and children who were not exclusively breastfed (83.87%). Bottle feeding, lower educational level of mother and overweight of children may serve as predisposing factors of rotavirus disease in these children.
 Bangladesh Med J. 2019 May; 48 (2): 32-37

Dietary patterns among preschoolers and its association with education level of the parents

Objective: To identify the dietary patterns among preschoolers in Ma'anshan, and to investigate its association with the education levels of the parents. Methods: A total of 16 439 children aged 3-6 were recruited from 91 kindergartens in Ma'anshan city to participate in the study. Food frequency and socio-demographic information were collected through questionnaire survey. Dietary data was collected using a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), and principal-components analysis was used to derive the dietary patterns. Ordinal multinomial logistic regression was employed to explore the association between the education level of parents and the dietary patterns. Results: Five dietary patterns- "processed" , "beverage" , "snack" , "protein" and "vegetarian" were identified. Data showed that the total variance was 48.02% and the cumulative proportion of processed reached 24.78%. Low educational level of the father was positively associated with both "beverage" (OR=1.36, 95%CI: 1.15-1.63) and "snack" dietary pattern (OR=1.21, 95%CI: 1.01-1.43). Low educational level of mother was positively associated with the "processed" (OR=1.31, 95%CI: 1.09-1.57) and "beverage" dietary pattern (OR=1.48, 95%CI: 1.23-1.77), and showed a negative correlation with "protein" (OR=0.62, 95%CI: 0.52-0.74) and "vegetarian" dietary pattern (OR=0.72, 95%CI: 0.60-0.86). Conclusion: Findings from this study showed that preschoolers in Ma'anshan tend to choose unhealthy dietary pattern. Dietary pattern was directly influenced by the parents, and especially the education level of the mothers.

Risk factors of developmental delay: a community-based study

Background Developmental delay is a common problem inchildren. Early detection of this disorders is mandatory in orderto provide early interventions. Identification of the risk factors isimportant for strategic intervention.Objective To identify risk factors of developmental delay inchildren under five years old.Metlwds A community-based study of developmental screeningwas conducted, in Bambanglipuro, Bantul district, Province ofYogyakarta, between September and October 2007. Developmentalscreening was performed using a Kuesioner Pra Skrining Perkembangan(KPSP).Results Out of 632 children aged 3 to 60 months, 407 (64%) hadnormal development, 81 (28%) doubtful and 43 (8%) suspecteddevelopmental delay. A number of factors identified as the riskof suspected developmental delay were undernourished (OR 2.3,95%CI 1.1 ; 4.8) , low birth weight (OR 2.6, 95%CI 1.1 ; 6.1), loweducational level of mother (O R 2.5, 95%CI 1.3; 4.9) , workingmother (O R 1.8, 95%CI 1; 3.5), and poor socio-economic status(SES) families (OR 2.7, 95%CI 1.3; 5.4). Multivariate logisticregression analysis showed that poor SES was the strongest riskfactor of suspected developmental delay (adjusted OR 2.8, 95%CI1.4;5.7) .Conclusions Poverty, low maternal educational level andintrauterine malnutrition during as well as malnutrition duringinfant period are risk factors of developmental delay. Integratedstrategies should be conducted to solve the problems to preventmore children suferred from developmental delay.

Prevalence and correlates of reading and spelling difficulty in 10 year old children in a semi-urban population in Sri Lanka

Introduction: Reading and spelling disability in children is neurodevelopmental in nature and is associated with a range of cognitive deficits. The condition is of clinical importance due to its comorbidity with other developmental disorders and disruptive and antisocial behaviour disorders. Objective: To estimate the prevalence of reading and spelling difficulty in Sinhala language in 10 year old children attending main-stream education and its relationship between socio-economic and family factors. Method: In this community based cross sectional study, the sample was randomly selected from children attending Grade 5 in all main stream schools in a geographically defined area. The working definition of reading and spelling difficulty was adopted from standards set by the National Institute of Education for Sri Lankan in children 10 years old and attending Grade 5. Assessment was objectively structured into 5 different tasks, which were independently scored by 2 assessors. Data were obtained on developmental adversities, physical health and socio-economic status of family. Results: The total sample was 275 with 56.3% males. Of the 5 domains (reading, comprehension, spelling, sentence writing, expressive written language) assessed, spelling difficulty was the most prevalent (22.5%). Correlation between the performance in the 5 domains was significant ( p Conclusions: The study found a high prevalence of reading and spelling disability in Sinhala language in 10 year old children attending main-stream education. The risk of such disability is significantly higher in the presence of low educational level of mother and low family income.

Factors associated with recurrence of clubfoot treated by the Ponseti method.

AIMTo assess several associated factors on the recurrence of clubfoot after successful correction by the Ponseti method.METHODSA total of 115 children with 196 clubfeet deformities, treated by the Ponseti method, were evaluated. Demographic data, family history of clubfoot in first-degree relatives, maternal educational level and brace compliance were enquired. Based on their medical files, the characteristics of the patients at the time of presentation such as age, possible associated neuromuscular disease or especial syndrome, severity of the deformity according to the Dimeglio grade and Pirani score, residual deformity after previous Ponseti method and number of casts needed for the correction were recorded.RESULTSThere were 83 boys (72.2%) and 32 girls (27.8%) with a male to female ratio of 2.6. The mean age at the initiation of treatment was 5.4 d (range: 1 to 60 d). The average number of casts applied to achieve complete correction of all clubfoot deformities was 4.2. Follow-up range was 11 to 60 mo. In total, 39 feet had recurrence with a minimum Dimeglio grade of 1 or Pirani score of 0.5 at the follow-up visit. More recurrence was observed in non-idiopathic clubfoot deformities (P = 0.001), non-compliance to wear braces (P < 0.001), low educational level of mother (P = 0.033), increased number of casts (P < 0.001), and more follow-up periods (P < 0.001). No increase in the possibility of recurrence was observed when the previous unsuccessful casting was further treated using the Ponseti method (P = 0.091). Also, no significant correlation was found for variables of age (P = 0.763), Dimeglio grade (P = 0.875), and Pirani score (P = 0.624) obtaining at the beginning of the serial casting.CONCLUSIONUsing the Ponseti method, non-idiopathic clubfoot, non-compliance to wear braces, low educational level of mother, increased number of casts and more follow-up periods had more association to possible increase in recurrence rate after correction of clubfoot deformity.

The Prevalence of Intestinal Parasites in Children with Helicobacter pylori Gastritis Evaluated Retrospectively

H. pylori infection is more frequent and is seen in younger ages in developing countries when compared to developed countries. Etiopathogenetic factors include living in crowded families, low educational level of mother, low income and infected drinking water. Intestinal parasites are more frequent in low socioeconomical populations. In this study, it was aimed to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasite in patients with H. pylori gastritis proven with endoscopic and histopathological study. Parasitology laboratory results of children who had undergone upper gastrointestinal system endoscopy (UGE) and were proved to have H. pylori gastritis were evaluated retrospectively. Stool samples were examined using native lugol and precipitation by formol ethyl acetate methods. A total of 138 children had undergone upper GIS endoscopy. Among those children, 97,1% had H. pylori positive gastritis. Of those H. pylori positive gastritis children, we obtained the stool test results of 105 children. Six children (5.71%) had Blastocystis hominis and 2 (1.91%) had Giardia intestinalis so a total of 8 patients had (7.61%) intestinal parasites. H. pylori and intestinal parasites are frequent among individuals living in low socioeconomical countries. The co-existence of hp and intestinal parasites, which have a negative effect on thriving and iron status in a growing child is a very important public health problem. National sanitation education and methods may help decrease the co-existence of these synergistic microorganisms.

Family violence influences mental health of school girls in Iran: Results of a preliminary study

IntroductionThe family plays the first and may be the most important role in the development of individuals’ personality, health and function. The current study aimed to evaluate different aspects of violence against a sample of school girls of Iranian population and its effect on their mental health. MethodsA cluster, randomized sample consisting of 399 school girls was selected from all of the high schools in Tabriz city, northwest of Iran. Students were asked to participate in this study anonymously. Signs and symptoms of depression and anxiety were assessed by the General health questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28) measuring their social function and physical situation as well. Another inquiry form involving questions about different kinds of violence and neglect gathered information about their situation during the recent year. ResultsThe mean (SD) age of the students was 14.9 (0.8) and all were under 18. The mean (SD) total score of GHQ-28 was 24.18(13.61). The sub-threshold score in GHQ-28 (under 23) was observed in 44.1% of students which indicates considerable problems in mental health status. The type of reported violence was not significantly associated with an abnormal score of GHQ-28.A higher score of somatic symptoms was related to verbal violence at home by parents and the educational level of mother. High score on social dysfunction was predicted by lower educational level of mother. The depression scale was related to humility, neglect and discrimination at home. The factors were not predicting the score of anxiety or insomnia subscales. DiscussionThe current study observed a noticeable amount of problems in the mental health of teenage girls in a sample of the Iranian population. The educational level of the mother plays an important role in the mental health of school girls.