Lower Chattahoochee Research Articles

Conservation genetics of the broadstripe shiner, Pteronotropis euryzonus, an endemic species of the middle Chattahoochee River

Abstract The broadstripe shiner, Pteronotropis euryzonus is a freshwater minnow endemic to a small area that includes the tributaries of the middle and lower Chattahoochee River in Alabama and Georgia. Populations of P. euryzonus appear fragmented because individuals have not been detected in the main channel. This suggests limited dispersal potential and low gene flow between populations, and previous studies have suggested multiple forms of P. euryzonus in the Chattahoochee. In total, 125 samples of P. euryzonus were collected for genetic analysis from 23 sites in 11 tributaries of the Chattahoochee River, and museum specimens were used for morphometric analyses. The mitochondrial genes cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) and cytochrome b (cytb) were used to assess the genetic structure of P. euryzonus throughout its range. Geometric morphometrics were used to quantify shape variation among populations. Results suggest the presence of three genetically distinct populations: Northern, Pataula, and Southern, which also exhibit distinct morphologies. These populations support previous hypotheses of multiple forms of P. euryzonus in the Chattahoochee River. The presence of three genetically and morphologically distinct populations has significant conservation implications for P. euryzonus, which is currently listed as imperilled in both Alabama and Georgia. Three distinct populations, a restricted range, and recent disturbance to gene flow from local infrastructure may necessitate further protections to prevent extirpation. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Descriptions of two new, cryptic species of Metasiro (Arachnida: Opiliones: Cyphophthalmi: Neogoveidae) from South Carolina, USA, including a discussion of mitochondrial mutation rates

Specimens of Metasiro from its three known disjunct population centers in the southeastern US were examined and had a 769 bp fragement of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) sequenced. These populations are located in the western panhandle of Florida and nearby areas of Georgia, in the Savannah River delta of South Carolina, and on Sassafras Mt. in South Carolina. This range extends over as much as 500 km, which is very large for a species of cyphophthalmid harvestmen and presents a degree of physical separation among populations such that we would expect them to actually be distinguishable species. We examined the morphology, including the spermatopositors of males, and sequences from 221 specimens. We found no discernible differences in the morphologies of specimens from the different populations, but corrected pairwise distances of COI were about 15% among the three population centers. We also analyzed COI data using a General Mixed Yule Coalescent (GMYC) model implemented in the R package SPLITS; with a single threshold, the most likely model had four species within Metasiro. Given this level of molecular divergence, the monophyly of the population haplotypes, and the number of exclusive COI nucleotide and amino acid differences distinguishing the populations, we here raise the Savannah River and Sassafras Mt. populations to species status: M. savannahensis sp. nov., and M. sassafrasensis sp. nov., respectively. This restricts M. americanus (Davis, 1933) to just the Lower Chattahoochee Watershed, which in this study includes populations along the Apalachicola River and around Florida Caverns State Park. GMYC models reconstructed the two main haplotype clades within M. americanus as different species, but they are not exclusive to different areas. We estimate COI percent divergence rates in certain cyphophthalmid groups and discuss problems with historical measures of this rate. We hypothesize that Metasiro began diversifying over 20 million years ago.

CORE ELEMENTS AND LAYOUT CLASSES IN SWIFT CREEK PADDLE ART

Our work here extends a study in which we identified a set of task models used by early Swift Creek artisans to produce paddle designs. Reconstructed procedures for early bandwork compositions highlighted the importance of the placement of guide points and guidelines to the final product as well as the hierarchal nature of the production sequence, leading to the realization that designs can be profitably classified by the geometry of these initial steps. In this paper, we examine two layout classes defined from observations across some of the more common core elements in the Swift Creek design corpus. We then seriate the most common of the core elements, the Omega, by virtue of variation in its visual characteristics. We draw on the stratigraphic sequence at Fairchild’s Landing (9SE14), Seminole County, Georgia, as a test of the core-element seriation and discuss developmental differences in the Omega between two prolific Swift Creek regions, the lower Chattahoochee River of southwestern Georgia and southeastern Alabama and the lower Ocmulgee and upper Satilla rivers of central and south-central Georgia, on the other.

Sold Down the River: Slavery in the Lower Chattahoochee Valley of Alabama and Georgia (review)

Sold Down the River: Slavery in the Lower Chattahoochee Valley of Alabama and Georgia (review)

Sold down the river: slavery in the lower Chattahoochee Valley of Alabama and Georgia

Sold down the river: slavery in the lower Chattahoochee Valley of Alabama and Georgia

Archaeology of the Lower Muskogee Creek Indians, 1715-1836

The Muskogee Indians who lived along the lower Chattahoochee and Flint River watersheds had, and continue to have, a profound influence on the development of the southeastern United States, especially during the historic period (circa 1540-1836). Our knowledge of that culture is limited to what we can learn from their descendants and from archaeological and historical sources. Combining historical documents and archaeological research on all known Lower Muskogee Creek sites, Thomas Foster has accurately pinpointed town locations discussed in the literature and reported in contemporary Creek oral histories. In so doing, this volume synthesizes the archaeological diversity and variation within the Lower Creek Indians between 1715 and 1836. The book is a study of archaeological methods because it analyzes the temporal and geographic variation within a single archaeological phase and the biases of that archaeological data. Foster's research segregates the variation between Lower Creek Indian towns through a regional and direct historic approach. Consequently, he is able to discern the unique differences between individual Creek Indian towns. Foster argues that the study of Creek Indian history should be at the level of towns instead of archaeological phases and that there is significant continuity between the culture of the Historic Period Indians and the Prehistoric and Protohistoric peoples.

Kolomoki: settlement, ceremony, and status in the Deep South, A.D. 350 to 750

Kolomoki - one of the most impressive archaeological sites in the southeastern United States - includes at least nine large earthen mounds in the lower Chattahoochee River valley of southwest Georgia. The largest, Mound A, rises approximately 20 meters above the terrace that borders it. From its flat-topped summit, a visitor can survey the string of smaller mounds that form an arc to the south and west. Archaeological research had previously placed Kolomoki within the Mississippian period (ca. A.D. 1000-1500) primarily because of the size and form of the mounds. But this book presents data for the main period of occupation and mound construction that confirm an earlier date, in the Woodland period (ca. A.D. 350-750). Even though the long-standing confusion over Kolomoki's dating has now been settled, questions remain regarding the lifeways of its inhabitants. Thomas Pluckhahn's research has recovered evidence concerning the level of site occupation and the house styles and daily lives of its dwellers. He presents here a new, revised history of Kolomoki from its founding to its eventual abandonment, with particular attention to the economy and ceremony at the settlement. This study makes an important contribution to the understanding of middle range societies, particularly the manner in which ceremony could both level and accentuate status differentiation within them. It provides a readable overview of one of the most important - but historically least understood - prehistoric Native American sites in the United States.

Blues in the Lower Chattahoochee Valley

Blues in the Lower Chattahoochee Valley

Flowing through Time: A History of the Lower Chattahoochee River

Flowing through Time: A History of the Lower Chattahoochee River

Flowing through Time: A History of the Lower Chattahoochee River

Flowing through Time: A History of the Lower Chattahoochee River

Rich Man's War: Class, Caste, and Confederate Defeat in the Lower Chattahoochee Valley

Rich Man's War: Class, Caste, and Confederate Defeat in the Lower Chattahoochee Valley

Rich Man's War: Class, Caste, and Confederate Defeat in the Lower Chattahoochee Valley

Rich Man's War: Class, Caste, and Confederate Defeat in the Lower Chattahoochee Valley

David Williams. <italic>Rich Man's War: Class, Caste, and Confederate Defeat in the Lower Chattahoochee Valley</italic>. Athens: University of Georgia Press, in association with the Historic Chattahoochee Commission. 1998. Pp. xiv, 288. $34.95

Journal Article David Williams. Rich Man's War: Class, Caste, and Confederate Defeat in the Lower Chattahoochee Valley. Athens: University of Georgia Press, in association with the Historic Chattahoochee Commission. 1998. Pp. xiv, 288. $34.95 Get access Williams David. Rich Man's War: Class, Caste, and Confederate Defeat in the Lower Chattahoochee Valley. Athens: University of Georgia Press, in association with the Historic Chattahoochee Commission. 1998. Pp. xiv, 288. $34.95. Steven Eliott Tripp Steven Eliott Tripp Grand Valley State University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The American Historical Review, Volume 105, Issue 3, June 2000, Pages 930–931, https://doi.org/10.1086/ahr/105.3.930 Published: 01 June 2000

Rich Man's War: Class, Caste, and Confederate Defeat in the Lower Chattahoochee Valley.

Rich Man's War: Class, Caste, and Confederate Defeat in the Lower Chattahoochee Valley.

Flowing through time: a history of the lower Chattahoochee River

Flowing through time: a history of the lower Chattahoochee River

The Architectural Legacy of the Lower Chattahoochee Valley in Alabama and Georgia

The Architectural Legacy of the Lower Chattahoochee Valley in Alabama and Georgia

The Ostracods of the Genus Entocythere from the Lower Chattahoochee Flint Basin: With a Review of the Occurrence of the Genus in Florida, and Descriptions of Two New Species

During a systematic survey of the flora and fauna of the Apalachicola River drainage area supported by the National Park Service and the National Science Foundation, those ostracods epizoic on crayfishes were studied. A key to the known species of entocytherid ostracods found in Florida and the lower Chattahoochee-Flint basin, a survey of the ranges of these ostracods, a list of their crayfish "hosts," and descriptions of two new ostracod species are included. The new species, Entocythere geophila and E. torreya, are placed in a new group, the Geophila Group, which is here designated.

WILLIAM HENRY HOLMES

WILLIAM HENRY HOLMES

: Moundville Revisited. Crystal River Revisited. Mounds of the Lower Chattahoochee and Lower Flint Rivers. Notes on the Ten Thousand Islands, Florida . Clarence B. Moore.

: Moundville Revisited. Crystal River Revisited. Mounds of the Lower Chattahoochee and Lower Flint Rivers. Notes on the Ten Thousand Islands, Florida . Clarence B. Moore.