Lower Body Fat Mass Research Articles

The habitual degree of weight loss might be associated with specific fat and protein intakes during a period of weight maintenance in athletes used to weight variations: preliminary results from the WAVE study

Weight variations are common in sporting life, with important inter-individual variability in the degree of an athlete's habitual weight loss. As a part of the WAVE study (NCT04107545), the main objective of this preliminary study was to determine whether the habitual degree of weight loss was associated with anthropometric, body composition, nutritional or psychometric profiles during a period of weight maintenance in athletes accustomed to weight variations. We hypothesized that athletes accustomed to a higher habitual degree of weight loss may have a higher body weight and body fat mass, and may present a more controlled diet regimen and cognitive restriction than athletes with a lower habitual degree of weight loss. During a period of weight maintenance, 62 athletes (24.0 ± 5.3 years; 26 women) completed anthropometry and body composition measurements, a 48-hours food diary and self-reported questionnaires to determine their weight variation practice, nutritional profile and mood state. Athletes were stratified within inter- and intra-quartile groups according to their habitual degree of weight loss. Athletes with a higher habitual degree of weight loss were those who consumed more protein (P < .001) and less fat (P = .01) as a proportion of total energy compared with those losing less weight, without any difference in body composition between the groups. The rapid weight loss score was significantly higher in individuals losing more weight (P < .001) and no difference was observed for the mood state profile. The present results suggest a potential control of nutritional regulation during a period of weight maintenance in order to spare fat-free mass and favor fat mass loss in athletes who are routinely losing more weight. Fat-free mass may be the main nutritional driver due to low body fat mass in athletes, which may limit the “catch-up fat” phenomenon commonly observed in nonathletic population.

Urinary Equol and Equol-Predicting Microbial Genera Are Favorably Associated with Body Fat Measures among Chinese Adults

BackgroundMany studies have investigated the intake of dietary isoflavones in relation to obesity risk, whereas the association using objective biomarkers of isoflavones, particularly equol (a gut-derived metabolite of daidzein with greater bioavailability than other isoflavones) has been less studied. In addition, the associations between equol and gut microbiota profile at the population level remain to be fully characterized. ObjectivesWe aimed to identify equol-predicting microbial species and to investigate the associations of equol-predicting microbial species and urinary excretion of isoflavones including glycitein, genistein, daidzein, and equol with diverse obesity markers in free living-individuals. MethodsIn this 1-y longitudinal study of 754 community-dwelling adults, urinary isoflavones, fecal microbiota, height, weight, and circumferences of waist and hip were measured at baseline and again after 1 y. Liver fat [indicated by the controlled attenuation parameter (CAP)] and other body composition were also measured after 1 y. Linear models and linear mixed-effects models were used to analyze the associations for single measure and repeated measures, respectively. ResultsAmong 305 participants (median age: 50 y, IQR, 37–59 y) including 138 males and 167 females, higher urinary excretion of equol was associated with lower CAP (β = −0.013, P < 0.001) and body fat mass (β= −0.014, P = 0.046). No association was found between any other urinary isoflavones and obesity markers (all P > 0.05). We identified 21 bacterial genera whose relative abundance were positively associated with urinary equol concentrations (all Pfalsediscovery rate < 0.05), and constructed an equol-predicting microbial score to reflect the overall equol-producing potential of host gut microbiota. This score was inversely associated with CAP (β = −0.040, P = 0.011). ConclusionsHigh urinary equol concentrations and equol-predicting microbial species could be favorably associated with liver fat and other obesity markers.

Do low skeletal muscle bulk and disturbed body fat mass impact tumor recurrence in stage I/II HCC undergoing surgery? An observational cohort study.

The influence of deranged body composition on stage I/II HCC after surgery remains undetermined. The current study aimed to investigate the impact of low skeletal muscle bulk and disturbed body fat mass on the recurrence outcome of stage I/II HCC patients undergoing liver resection. The associated metabolomic alterations were also assessed. From 2012 to 2021, stage I and II HCC patients who underwent liver resection at our institute were retrospectively reviewed. Their preoperative body composition including skeletal muscle mass and body fat volume was measured by computed tomography (CT). The recurrence outcome was recorded and analyzed. The preoperative serum was collected and subjected to metabolomic analysis. A total of 450 stage I and II HCC patients were included in the current study. Among them, 76% were male and around 60% had HBV infection. After stratified by normal cutoff values obtained from a healthy cohort, 6.4% of stage I/II HCC patients were found to have a low psoas muscle index (PMI), 17.8% a high subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) index, and 27.8% a high visceral adipose tissue (VAT) index. Cox regression multivariate analysis further demonstrated that low PMI and high SAT index were independent prognostic factors for time-to-recurrence (TTR) after surgery. Metabolomic analysis discovered that free fatty acid β-oxidation was enhanced in with low PMI or high SAT index. The current study demonstrated that reduced psoas muscle mass may impair while elevated SAT may prolong the TTR of stage I/II HCC patients undergoing liver resections. VAT, on the other hand, was not associated with recurrence outcome after surgery. Further studies are warranted to validate our findings.

O-287 Body composition analysis and metabolic monitoring before fertility treatment: hype or hope?

Abstract The effect of body mass index on both spontaneous and assisted fertility is well known: both lower and high indexes are correlated with negative outcome including live birth rate. Asides the dysmetabolic infertility that can develop by inflammation, insulin resistance and hyperandrogenemia, psychological and social factors deserve attention: a sexual self-image dysfunction is present in up to 20% of obese people with lower sexual desire and arousal. A positive note is that ART patients want to know about the impact of diet on fertility and ART success, asides the safety of the treatment and coping strategies, when asked about research priorities. Nevertheless, research in the field of preconception weight loss in the case of obesity in non-conclusive. The difference may lay in the strategy followed: lifestyle interventions may differ in approach, new weight-losing drugs might be involved or avoided, and targets and endpoints differ between studies. A first statement is to be made: body weight is a parameter of the past. In the world of nutrition, BMI is used to describe populations but fails to give accurate information about a single person. Body composition is more refined and can be used in follow-up. Asides dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), Bio Electrical Impedance Vector Analysis (BIVA) is used to endotype patients. Magnetic Resonance Imaging can, in a whole-body approach, provides very detailed information. In general, fat mass, fat free mass, phase angle (quantitative information) and fat infiltration of muscle (qualitative aspect) are considered ‘the kg of the future’. Associations between higher amounts of fat and poorer ART outcomes are published. As body composition is the result of food intake balanced to total energy expenditure (composed from basal energy expenditure, diet induced thermogenesis and physical activity level), the knowledge of these aspects can form a basis for a personalized approach. Techniques used in clinical practice relevant to this topic are food diary analysis by specialized dietitians (quantitative and qualitative analysis of food intake) and indirect calorimetry. This device will measure oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production and calculate the basal metabolic rate in kcal/day. The concept of nutrition intake balanced to energy expenditure is validated in critically ill patients where it reduces mortality. It also showed benefit in a cancer population during active treatment. In a tertiary, university hospital in Brussels, Belgium, the forces of the fertility clinic and the nutrition department were combined: FerMet (Fertility-Metabolism). Patients seeking ART with a BMI &amp;lt;18;5 or higher than 30 are directed. Biophysical endotyping is performed by both metabolic screening, food intake analysis and baseline testing: body composition by BIVA and metabolic measurement by indirect calorimetry. A personalized intervention plan is developed in co-operation with the patient(s) by the dietitian and the supervising MD. Psychological reference or physical activity coaching is initiated if needed. Interim results: a total of 3793 men and woman in 3,5 years. In the population with a BMI below 20, which is only 6.4% of the entire group, body composition analysis reveals: only 9% are confirmed with alarmingly low body fat mass, such as seen in eating disorders. 23% has a fat mass percentage comparable to the general population and 66% represents what is known as ‘constitutional lean’. This might open opportunities to refine criteria to withhold ART based on body weight. In the overweight population, interventions can be tailored on individual metabolic rates and eating patterns, which is unique in the setting of ART. Whole Body MRi can be used in research settings. Benefits of this Biophysical Endotype based interventions to increase fertility outcomes need to be proven by further research.

Intestinal retinol saturase is implicated in the development of obesity and epithelial homeostasis upon injury.

Retinol saturase (RetSat) is an oxidoreductase involved in lipid metabolism and the cellular sensitivity to peroxides. RetSat is highly expressed in metabolic organs like the liver and adipose tissue and its global loss in mice increases body weight and adiposity. The regulation of RetSat expression and its function in the intestine are unexplored. Here, we show that RetSat is present in different segments of the digestive system, localizes to intestinal epithelial cells, and is upregulated by feeding mice high-fat diet (HFD). Intestine-specific RetSat deletion in adult mice did not affect nutrient absorption and energy homeostasis basally, but lowered body weight gain and fat mass of HFD-fed mice, potentially via increasing locomotor activity. Moreover, jejunal expression of genes related to β-oxidation and cholesterol efflux was decreased, and colonic cholesterol content was reduced upon RetSat deletion. In colitis, which we show to downregulate intestinal RetSat expression in humans and mice, RetSat ablation improved epithelial architecture of the murine colon. Thus, intestinal RetSat expression is regulated by dietary interventions and inflammation, and its loss reduces weight gain upon HFD feeding and alleviates epithelial damage upon injury.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Retinol saturase (RetSat) is an oxidoreductase with unknown function in the intestine. We found that RetSat localizes in intestinal epithelial cells and that its deletion reduced weight gain and fat mass in obese mice. In colitis, which decreased intestinal RetSat expression in humans and mice, RetSat ablation improved the epithelial architecture of the murine colon, presumably by decreasing ROS production, thus rendering RetSat a novel target for metabolic and inflammatory bowel disease.

Benefits of calorie restriction in mice are mediated via energy imbalance, not absolute energy or protein intake

Caloric restriction (CR) results in reduced energy and protein intake, raising questions about protein restriction’s contribution to CR longevity benefits. We kept ad libitum (AL)–fed male C57BL/6J mice at 27°C (AL27) and pair-fed (PF) mice at 22°C (22(PF27)). The 22(PF27) group was fed to match AL27 while restricted for calories due to cold-induced metabolism. The 22(PF27) mice had significantly lower body weight, lean mass, fat mass, leptin, IGF-1, and TNF-α levels than AL27 mice (p<0.001 for all). Manipulations over ~11 weeks resulted in significant differences in body temperature, physical activity, and expression of key genes linked to hunger in the hypothalamus. Survival was significantly greater in 22(PF27) compared to AL27 overall (p<0.001). CR in the context of equivalent energy and protein intake resulted in hormonal, metabolic, and physiological benefits and extended longevity. Hence, energy imbalance, rather than low energy or protein intake per se, mediates the benefits of CR.

Pre-Existing Metabolic Conditions Impair the Beneficial Effects of Estrogen on Memory and Cognition in Ovariectomized Mice

Loss of estrogen, as a result of menopause, has been associated with cognitive decline and memory loss. Intriguingly, studies conducted with postmenopausal healthy women suggest that hormone replacement therapy improves cognitive functions. In contrast, clinical data involving subjects with a wide range of health conditions indicate that the effect of estrogen treatment varies. In addition to the cognitive decline, postmenopausal women have an increased risk of developing metabolic disorders including obesity, insulin resistance, and diabetes. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that pre-existing metabolic conditions reduce the beneficial effects of estradiol treatment and are responsible for the conflicting findings in cognitive functions after menopause. Female, seven-month-old C57BL/6J mice were fed with either a high-fat diet (HFD, BioServ #F3282) or a control diet (LFD, BioServ #F4031) for 10 to 14 weeks, then ovariectomized (OVX). In a randomized manner, mice received a silastic tube implant containing either 17β-estradiol (E2) or vehicle (VEH, cholesterol) and stayed on their respective diets. Body composition and metabolic parameters were measured in the four groups (HFD+VEH, HFD+E2, LFD+VEH, LFD+E2) to assess metabolic status, and novel object recognition test was performed to assess memory and cognition. Before OVX, HFD fed mice had significantly increased body weight, fat mass, basal blood glucose and insulin levels compared to mice fed with LFD. After OVX, LFD-VEH mice developed obesity and had elevated blood glucose and insulin levels, whereas E2 treatment prevented the metabolic changes. Interestingly, HFD-VEH mice had a reduction in fat mass after OVX, which was further decreased with E2 treatment. Overall, mice treated with E2 had lower body weight, fat mass, blood glucose and insulin levels compared to VEH treated mice regardless of their diet, and HFD fed mice had a higher body weight than mice fed the LFD, irrespective of their treatment. The novel object recognition test revealed that LFD-E2 mice spent significantly more time exploring the novel object than LFD-VEH mice. In contrast, there was no difference in exploration time between HFD-VEH and HFD-E2 treated mice. These preliminary results suggest that 1) E2 treatment may be beneficial to prevent the development of metabolic changes and improve cognitive function in LFD fed mice; 2) OVX alone did not worsen the metabolic status of diet-induced obese mice; 3) E2 treatment partially improved the metabolic status of HFD fed mice by decreasing fat mass, blood glucose and insulin levels; and 4) E2 treatment did not improve memory and cognition of HFD fed mice. Source of funding: P01AG071746 8456. This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2024 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.

Seasonal Changes in Body Composition in Elite Male Handball Players

Having knowledge of an athlete's body composition values enables individuals to assess their physical condition and performance. It has become increasingly important in recent years to demonstrate the significant relationship between body composition and athletes' physical performance. The aim of this study is to examine the changes in body composition of elite male handball players during preparation and competition periods (42 weeks). Twenty-three elite male handball players volunteered for this study The Tanita brand body analysis device was used to evaluate body composition and eight measurements were taken. Athletes were divided according to their playing positions (playmakers n=8 and goalkeepers n=4, wings n=7 and pivots n=4). 7 measurements were evaluated, which were weight (W), body fat percentage (BF%), fat mass (FM), muscle mass (MM), total body water (TBW), body mass index (BMI), and basal metabolic rate (BMR). Wing players had lower body fat percentage and body fat mass than all other playing positions and regardless of position, all athletes' body fat percentage and body fat mass significantly decreased at T2 (p&amp;lt;0.05). As a result, increase in body fat percentage and fat mass was observed during the competition period, and this increase continued (p&amp;lt;0.05). The increase in fat mass during the competition period may be due to different training content and higher training intensity during the preparation period, changes in nutrition habits due to camps, long trips, and tournaments, as well as the ef-fects of fatigue and stress. Further studies are needed in these areas.

Impact of age on the prevalence of poor-quality dietary variety, associated lifestyle factors, and body composition profile (low body muscle mass and high body fat mass) in older people residing in Colombo district, Sri Lanka

AimsTo assess the impact of age on the prevalence of poor-quality dietary variety, associated lifestyle factors, and body composition profile (low body muscle mass and high-fat mass) in older Sri Lankans. MethodsIn this population-based cross-sectional study, older people of 60 years or above were selected using a multistage cluster sampling technique probability proportionate to the size. They were classified into 3 groups; 60–64, 65–69 and > 70-years. The poor-quality dietary variety was defined based on food variety, dietary diversity and dietary serving scores assessed using 24-h dietary recall. Body composition was measured using bio-electrical impedance. The impact of age on determinants of poor-quality dietary variety and being at risk of low muscle mass and high-fat mass were assessed by using multivariable logistic regression models. ResultsEight hundred older participants with a mean (SD) 68.1(5.8) years were included. There were 28.4%(n = 227), 36.2%(n = 290) and 35.4%(n = 283) in the 60–64, 65–69 and ≥ 70-year age groups, respectively. The prevalence of poor-quality dietary variety was similar across age groups. The urban living environment, and getting nutritional advice from the GP/hospital were found to have a significant negative association only in the 60–64 age group. A poor-quality dietary variety was significantly associated with no education or up to the primary level in the 65–69 age group and having diabetes or hypertension in the ≥70-year group. Odds of low muscle mass and high-fat mass were 2.43(1.46–4.03) and 2.17(1.30–3.63) respectively among the≥70-year age group compared to the 60-64-year group, after controlling for confounders. ConclusionsThe prevalence of poor-quality dietary variety was similarly high in all age groups. Increasing age was associated with higher odds of low body muscle and high body fat mass despite similar dietary variety, indicating the need for special dietary attention.

BODY COMPOSITION AND FALL RISK IN MUTUALLY EXCLUSIVE CATEGORIES OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN OLDER WOMEN

Abstract Both physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) have been independently linked with health outcomes in older adults. However, limited research has been done to investigate how different combinations of these behaviors influence their body composition and functional balance. This cross-sectional study examined the associations of mutually exclusive categories of PA and SB with body composition and fall risk in older women. Accelerometer-measured PA (ActiGraph GT9X), body composition (Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis) and fall risk data (BTrackS Balance &amp; sit-to-stand) were collected from 91 community-dwelling older women. Participants were grouped into four behavioral categories: active-low sedentary, active-high sedentary, inactive-low sedentary and inactive-high sedentary. Active was defined as ≥150 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) per week (inactive: &amp;lt; 150 minutes/week of MVPA) and low sedentary was denoted as residing in the first tertile of sedentary-to-light PA time ratio (high sedentary: residing in the remaining tertiles). Results from linear regression analysis showed that, compared to inactive-high sedentary group, lower body fat mass index (BFMI), higher skeletal muscle mass index (SMMI), lower appendicular fat mass index (AFMI) and higher sit-to-stand (STS) scores were found in both active-low sedentary (BFMI: p=.002; SMMI: p=.017; AFMI: p=.003; STS: p=.014) and inactive-low sedentary participants (BFMI: p=.007; SMMI: p=.014; AFMI: p=.005; STS: p=.031), while active-high sedentary participants only showed lower AFMI (p=.037). Our findings suggest PA interventions integrating approaches for achieving sufficient MVPA and reducing SB concurrently might promote healthy body composition and reduce fall risk among older adults.

The Effects of Intermittent Cold Exposure on Adipose Tissue.

Intermittent cold exposure (ICE) has garnered increased attention in popular culture, largely for its proposed effects on mood and immune function, but there are also suggestions that the energy-wasting mechanisms associated with thermogenesis may decrease body weight and fat mass. Considering the continued and worsening prevalence of obesity and type II diabetes, any protocol that can reduce body weight and/or improve metabolic health would be a substantial boon. Here, we present a narrative review exploring the research related to ICE and adipose tissue. Any publicly available original research examining the effects of repeated bouts of ICE on adipose-related outcomes was included. While ICE does not consistently lower body weight or fat mass, there does seem to be evidence for ICE as a positive modulator of the metabolic consequences of obesity, such as glucose tolerance and insulin signaling. Further, ICE consistently increases the activity of brown adipose tissue (BAT) and transitions white adipose tissue to a phenotype more in line with BAT. Lastly, the combined effects of ICE and exercise do not seem to provide any additional benefit, at least when exercising during ICE bouts. The majority of the current literature on ICE is based on rodent models where animals are housed in cold rooms, which does not reflect protocols likely to be implemented in humans such as cold water immersion. Future research could specifically characterize ICE via cold water immersion in combination with controlled calorie intake to clearly determine the effects of ICE as it would be implemented in humans looking to lower their body weight via reductions in fat mass.

Association between body composition and the risk of mortality in the obese population in the United States.

Recent studies have presented the concept of the obesity paradox, suggesting that individuals with obesity have a lower risk of death than those without obesity. This paradox may arise because body mass index (BMI) alone is insufficient to understand body composition accurately. This study investigated the relationship between fat and muscle mass and the risk of mortality in individuals with overweight/obesity. We used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 1999 to 2006 and 2011 to 2018, which were linked to mortality information obtained from the National Death Index. Multiple Cox regression analyses were performed to estimate mortality risk. Subgroup analysis was conducted using propensity score-matched (PSM) data for age, sex, and race/ethnicity. This study included 16,555 participants who were overweight/obese (BMI≥25 kg/m2). An increase in appendicular skeletal muscle mass index was associated with a lower mortality risk (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.856; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.802-0.915). This finding was consistent with the subgroup analysis of the PSM data. Contrastingly, a high fat mass index was associated with an increased risk of mortality. Sarcopenic overweight/obesity was significantly associated with high mortality compared to obesity without sarcopenia (HR: 1.612, 95%CI: 1.328-1.957). This elevated risk was significant in both age- and sex-based subgroups. This finding was consistent with the subgroup analysis using PSM data. In contrast to the obesity paradox, a simple increase in BMI does not protect against mortality. Instead, low body fat and high muscle mass reduce mortality risk.

Relationships between selected performance parameters and body composition in karate

Introduction: Studying the somatic characteristics of karate athletes can provide specific details on the morphological and functional factors best suited for this combat sport. Aim: The aim of the present study was to assess the relationship between selected aerobic and anaerobic parameters and the body composition of karate athletes. Materials and Methods: The study included 6 male karate athletes, medalists from European and world championships in senior categories, with a mean age of 28 3 years. The inclusion criteria were training experience and sports skill level. Body composition was assessed using bioimpedance analysis. To evaluate special aerobic endurance parameters, a specific karatespecific aerobic test was used, along with monitoring of heart rate and changes in blood lactate levels. The Wingate test was chosen to determine the level of anaerobic performance. Results: The findings of the present study indicate that body composition is correlated with aerobic and anaerobic variables of karate athletes. Conclusions: These results indicate that karate athletes with a lower body fat mass perform techniques during the fight with higher intensity but with less power. On the contrary, those with a higher percentage of body fat perform techniques with less intensity but they use more power to perform a punch or kick. A low percentage of body fat and body fat mass have a positive effect on the level of anaerobic capacity, which increases with decreasing percentage and amount of body fat.

Aerobic exercise-induced decrease of chemerin improved glucose and lipid metabolism and fatty liver of diabetes mice through key metabolism enzymes and proteins

Our previous studies have implicated an important role of adipokine chemerin in exercise-induced improvements of glycolipid metabolism and fatty liver in diabetes rat, but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. This study first used an exogenous chemerin supplement to clarify the roles of decreased chemerin in exercised diabetes mice and possible mechanisms of glucose and lipid metabolism key enzymes and proteins [such as adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), lipoprotein lipase (LPL), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4)]. In addition, two kinds of adipose-specific chemerin knockout mice were generated to demonstrate the regulation of chemerin on glucose and lipid metabolism enzymes and proteins. We found that in diabetes mice, exercise-induced improvements of glucose and lipid metabolism and fatty liver, and exercise-induced increases of ATGL, LPL, and GLUT4 in liver, gastrocnemius and fat were reversed by exogenous chemerin. Furthermore, in chemerin knockdown mice, chemerin(−/−)∙adiponectin mice had lower body fat mass, improved blood glucose and lipid, and no fatty liver; while chemerin(−/−)∙fabp4 mice had hyperlipemia and unchanged body fat mass. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), ATGL, LPL, GLUT4 and PEPCK in the liver and gastrocnemius had improve changes in chemerin(−/−)·adiponectin mice while deteriorated alterations in chemerin(−/−)·fabp4 mice, although PPARγ, ATGL, LPL, and GLUT4 increased in the fat of two kinds of chemerin(−/−) mice. ConclusionsDecreased chemerin exerts an important role in exercise-induced improvements of glucose and lipid metabolism and fatty liver in diabetes mice, which was likely to be through PPARγ mediating elevations of ATGL, LPL and GLUT4 in peripheral metabolic organs.

Body composition parameters in systemic sclerosis-a systematic review and meta-analysis.

The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to summarize current evidence regarding body composition (BC) in SSc in order to gain new insights and improve clinical care in the context of the nutritional status of SSc patients. The databases Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane Library were searched on 4 January 2023. Studies were included if they provided data regarding BC obtained by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) or bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) in patients with SSc and healthy controls (HC). The study design criteria for inclusion were cohort and observational studies. The risk of bias assessment was performed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. For meta-analysis, mean difference with a 95% confidence interval was obtained and all results were depicted as forest plots. The number of retrieved publications was 593, of which nine were included in a random-effects meta-analysis totalling 489 SSc patients and 404 HC. Overall, significantly lower body mass index, lean mass (LM), fat mass (FM) and phase angle values were found in SSc patients when compared with HC. Furthermore, FM and LM were significantly lower in SSc patients when the DXA method was applied, whereas the same parameters were comparable between two groups of participants when BIA was applied. Altered BC is characteristic of SSc patients indicating the need for regular nutritional status assessment in order to improve the quality of life and clinical care of patients with SSc.

Differential Association of Dietary Linoleic Acid and Alpha-linolenic Acid with Adipose Tissue in a Sample of Iranian Adults; A Cohort-based Cross-sectional Study.

Overweight and obesity are the most critical risk factors for chronic diseases. The quality of dietary fatty acids as one of the factors affecting fat accumulation has received little attention. This study investigates the association between dietary linoleic acid (LA) and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) with body fat indices in a sample of healthy Iranian adults. In this cohort-based cross-sectional study, 3,195 individuals aged 20 to 60 who participated in the Shiraz University of Medical Science Employees Health Cohort study were included. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated 118-item Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), and body composition was assessed by the bioelectrical impedance analysis method. Multiple linear regression adjusted for relevant confounders was used to determine the associations. Mean dietary intake of LA was 14.20 ± 7.01 mg/day for men and 13.90 ± 6.71 mg/day for women. Additionally, the daily intake of ALA was 0.18 ± 0.18 mg/day in men and 0.17 ± 0.19 mg/day in women. Dietary intake of ALA for men had an inversely significant association with body fat mass (BFM) (β: -0.585, 95% CI: -1.137, -0.032, P=0.038), percentage of body fat (PBF) (β: -0.537, 95% CI: -0.945, -0.129, P=0.010), Visceral Fat Area (VFA) (β: -2.998, 95% CI: -5.695, -0.302, P=0.029), and Waist to Hip Ratio (WHR) (β: -0.689, 95% CI: -1.339, -0.040, P=0.038). Higher dietary ALA intake was associated with lower BFM, BFP, VAF, and WHR in men. The present study confirms that ALA intake should be considered a preventive treatment to improve body composition. However, further research is recommended in this regard.

The relationship between bone parameters, body composition, and lower extremity strength in road cyclists.

This study aimed to compare the relationships between bone and body composition parameters, and isometric maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) force of knee extensor (KE) muscles in road cyclists and untrained controls. Twelve male road cyclists and 12 controls aged 20-34 years participated. The isometric MVC force of the KE muscles was assessed by a custom-made dynamometer. Bone mineral content (BMC), bone mineral density (BMD), and body composition were assessed using Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry. No differences were found in body mass, lean body mass, leg lean mass, MVC, whole body, and leg BMD and BMC between cyclists and controls. Controls had a significantly greater (P<0.001) body mass index (BMI), whole body (P<0.01), and leg fat (P<0.001) mass than athletes. In road cyclists, BMC correlated positively with body mass (r=0.73; P<0.01) and BMI (r=0.65; P<0.05), body (r=0.85; P<0.001) and leg lean mass (r=0.81; P<0.001); BMD correlated positively with lean body mass (r=0.60; P<0.05), leg lean mass (r=0.65 and r=0.60; P<0.05). MVC of KE muscles correlated positively with bone parameters (P<0.01) and lean mass (P<0.05) only in controls. Regular cycling training was associated with lower BMI, and body and leg fat mass. There were no significant differences in bone parameters, body and leg lean mass, and isometric MVC force of KE muscle variables between road cyclists and controls. In road cyclists, bone parameters are associated with body mass, and body and leg lean mass, but not with the isometric strength of KE muscles.

75-OR: Cold-Responsive Proteolytic Rewiring of Mitochondria Safeguards White Fat Thermogenic Remodeling

Mitochondrial proteases are emerging as key regulators of mitochondrial plasticity acting both as protein quality surveillance and regulatory enzymes. It remains unclear, however, whether the regulated mitochondrial proteolysis is mechanistically linked to cell identity switch such as white-to-beige conversion of adipocytes. Here we report that cold-responsive mitochondrial proteolysis is a prerequisite for conversion from white-to-beige adipocytes during white adipose tissue (WAT) browning. MitoTimer reporter and chemical thiol probe analysis reveal that thermogenic stimulation selectively promotes mitochondrial proteostasis in WAT via mitochondrial protease LONP1 both in vivo and in vitro. Disruption of LONP1-dependent proteolysis substantially impairs cold or b3-AR agonist induced adipocyte identity programming, evidenced by the remarkably attenuated formation of UCP1+ multilocular adipocytes in IWAT from Lonp1 f/f/Adipoq-Cre (LONP1 AKO) mice. LONP1 AKO mice exposed to cold had lower body temperature, elevated serum TG and FFA levels. Chow-fed LONP1 AKO mice also developed glucose intolerance. “AdipoChaser” system “pulse-chase” lineage tracing experiments confirm that LONP1 ablation markedly blocks the direct cell fate programming of pre-existing mature adipocytes. Importantly, augmented LONP1 expression corrects aging-related impairments in white-to-beige adipocytes conversion. 10-month-old adipocyte-specific Lonp1 overexpression mice had significantly lower body weight and fat mass as a result of elevated energy expenditure. Thus, the identification of LONP1 as a critical safeguard of WAT beiging holds promise for translational applications in enhancing white-to-beige adipocytes conversion capacity relevant to a variety of metabolic disease states and during aging. Disclosure T.Fu: None. W.Sun: None. Z.Zhou: None. Z.Xu: None. M.Yan: None. L.Yang: None. Y.Yin: None. Z.Gan: None.

#6838 SAFETY OF RAMADAN FASTING IN DIALYSIS PATIENTS: A TUNISIAN PROSPECTIVE MULTICENTER STUDY

Abstract Background and Aims Hemodialysis patients are generally exempt from Ramadan Fasting (RF) because they are more vulnerable to the risk of malnutrition as well as fluid and electrolyte imbalance. In addition, many muslim hemodialysis patients feel the spirituel need to fast during Ramadan, even when they are not compelled to do so. Moreover, there are no medical recommendations that specify who should and should not fast. The aim of our study is to explore the experiences of Muslim Hemodialysis patients fasting Ramadan in Hemodialysis centers. Method This prospective multicenter study involved patients from eight different hemodialysis centers in Monastir and Mahdia cities. Biochemical, clinical parameters and bioimpedance monitoring were performed before, during and after Ramadan with a group of Fasting Ramadan patients (RFG) and a group of Ramadan non-fasting hemodialysis patients (RNFG). Patients in RFG did so as a personal choice and they wouldn't skip fasting on dialysis days due to fear of the side effects of fasting. Oral consent was taken from all the patients included in the study. Results One hundred and four (104) patients were enrolled in this study. Among them, 44 were in the RFG, and the remaining sixty (60) patients were in the RNFG. The mean age of RFG and RNFG was 47, 13 +/- 12 years and 54, 7 +/- 15 years, respectively. 32 patients (52, 3 %) were males in RFG and 38 were males (63, 3%) in RNFG. In RFG, about 6, 8% (n = 3) and 43, 2% (n =19) had diabetes and hypertension, respectively. The mean duration on hemodialysis was 7 +/- 6, 27 years. There were no significant differences between RFG and RNFG except in diabetic and hypertension status. Comparing biological findings pre,during and post-fasting,in RFG, no significant differences were noted in serum sodium (135,9 +/- 4 ; 135,8 +/- 2,5 and 136,3 +/- 2,4 mmol/l respectively) ; and there were no drop in serum albumin during fasting (40,4 +/- 3,4 ; 40,8 +/- 3,7 and 40,6 +/- 4,34 g/l respectively). However, mean serum potassium was higher during RF (5,59 +/- 0,8 ; 5,6 +/- 1 and 5,2 +/- 0,88 mmol/l respectively) and, mean serum Phosphorus was also higher during RF (1,54 +/- 0,57; 1,73 +/- 0,52 and 1,69 +/- 0,7 mmol/l respectively). Furthermore, with bioimpedance monitoring, comparing pre, during and post Fasting, more fluid retention in patients was observed during fasting (51, 67 +/- 7; 54, 3 +/- 7, 4 and 53, 2 +/- 6 % respectively). But the mean of the inter dialytic weight gain (IDWG) remained the same (2,57 +/- 0,8 ; 2,53 +/- 0,82 and 2,61 +/- 0,7 Kg respectively), and none presented with pulmonary oedema or other emergency that might need hospitalization. However, there was positive change to body composition between pre and during fasting, shown as lower body fat mass (FM) percentage during fasting (29,4 and 28,2% respectively) and also, lower body mass index (BMI) (26,5 and 25,9 respectively). Nevertheless, when comparing findings between RFG and RNFG, there was no significant difference in any parameters. Conclusion The overall conclusions suggest that fasting is relatively well tolerated by hemodialysis patients and does not affect the morbidity and mortality rates. However, careful monitoring of fluid balance, serum electrolytes, and albumin is advisable.

Body composition is related to motor abilities of female volleyball players

Success in volleyball certainly depends on the morphological characteristics of the volleyball player, while no technical element can be properly performed without adequate motor abilities. Most of the previous researches only studied the body composition of volleyball players or the researches were conducted on volleyball players in the elite level of the competition. In this regard, the aim of this research was to determine the relationship between body composition and motor abilities in female volleyball players of lower level competition. The sample of respondents consisted of female volleyball players of the women’s voleyball club “Student” from Niš who play in the second league “Istok” with an average chronological age of 21.4 ± 2.95 years, who trained volleyball for an average of 10 ± 2.73 years. First, the subjects’ body composition parameters were measured (body height, body mass, BMI, fat percentage, muscle percentage), followed by agility tests (Agility T-test, Illinois, Change of direction and acceleration Test (CODAT)), speed ( sprint at 10m, 20m and 30m), and explosive strength (Counter Movement Jump (CMJ), Counter Movement Jump With Arm Swing (CMJwas), Squat Jump (SJ)). Based on the obtained results, it could be concluded that there was a statistically significant correlation between body composition parameters and motor abilities of volleyball players in the area of explosive strength and agility. Female volleyball players who had lower body mass and body height achieved better results on explosive strength tests, while volleyball players who had lower body fat and muscle mass % achieved better results on agility tests.