Low Voltage Electrical Power Distribution Research Articles

Planning of Low Voltage Electricity Distribution at Griya Arjuna Kejuden Housing

In a low-voltage power distribution system, there are often disturbances that result in disruption of electricity distribution to customers, resulting in losses for customers and PLN. The problem that often occurs is the occurrence of voltage drops and power losses so that in planning the construction of a low-voltage electric power distribution network, it is necessary to anticipate the occurrence of these problems. This research is expected to be used as a lesson for the creation of a low-voltage electric power distribution network with suitable and environmentally friendly construction and with low investment costs. collected data by visiting the location to conduct a survey and obtain accurate data related to the state of the research location. The stages in planning the Low Voltage Electricity Distribution Network begin with a field survey to obtain the required data. The installed power for each unit is 1.300 VA, so the total installed power is 122,200 VA and the spare power is 5% of the installed power so that the total installed power is 128.310 VA. during peak load times it is estimated that power consumption will only absorb 80% or 97,760VA. The required substation is a Portal Type Pole with a transformator capacity is 160kVA. The total breakdown of the electricity distribution network budget at the Griya Arjuna Kejuden is IDR 382,333,141.

Non-technical losses in an electrical distribution system. Energy efficiency as a continuous process

This work analyzes the problem of non-technical losses in a low-voltage electrical power distribution system with an artificial intelligence model. The problem focuses on the use of a backpropagation multilayer perceptron neural network, which will quantitatively determine these losses from the manipulation of the current profile and the voltage drop expressed as percentages of their nominal values. These two magnitudes considered, will allow obtaining from the identification of patterns with large variations a technical assessment or quantification to approach the analysis from a different perspective, differing in the methodological determination of non-technical losses currently considered as a percentage of total losses. The results obtained will allow to form a basis for the correct determination of the non-supplied energy, its influence on distribution costs and energy efficiency for the future insertion of distributed generation.

Statistical Analysis of Electric Power Distribution Grid Outages

Power systems in general supply consumers with electrical energy as economically and reliably as possible. Reliable electric power systems serve customer loads without interruptions in supply voltage. Electric power generation facilities must produce enough power to meet customer demand. Electrical energy produced and delivered to customers through generation, transmission and distribution systems, constitutes one of the largest consumers markets the world over. The benefits of electric power systems are integrated into the much faster modern life in such extent that it is impossible to imagine the society without the electrical energy. The rapid growth of electric power distribution grids over the past few decades has resulted in a large increment in the number of grid lines in operation and their total length. These grid lines are exposed to faults as a result of lightning, short circuits, faulty equipment, mis-operation, human errors, overload, and aging among others. A fault implies any abnormal condition which causes a reduction in the basic insulation strength between phase conductors or phase conductors and earth, or any earthed screens surrounding the conductors. In this paper, different types of faults that affected the electric power distribution grid of selected operational districts of Electricity Company of Ghana (ECG) in the Western region of Ghana was analyzed and the results presented. Outages due to bad weather and load shedding contributed significantly to the unplanned outages that occurred in the medium voltage (MV) distribution grid. Blown fuse and loose contact faults were the major contributor to unplanned outages in the low voltage (LV) electric power distribution grid.

Statistical Analysis of Electric Power Distribution Grid Outages

Power systems in general supply consumers with electrical energy as economically and reliably as possible. Reliable electric power systems serve customer loads without interruptions in supply voltage. Electric power generation facilities must produce enough power to meet customer demand. Electrical energy produced and delivered to customers through generation, transmission and distribution systems, constitutes one of the largest consumers markets the world over. The benefits of electric power systems are integrated into the much faster modern life in such extent that it is impossible to imagine the society without the electrical energy. The rapid growth of electric power distribution grids over the past few decades has resulted in a large increment in the number of grid lines in operation and their total length. These grid lines are exposed to faults as a result of lightning, short circuits, faulty equipment, mis-operation, human errors, overload, and aging among others. A fault implies any abnormal condition which causes a reduction in the basic insulation strength between phase conductors or phase conductors and earth, or any earthed screens surrounding the conductors. In this paper, different types of faults that affected the electric power distribution grid of selected operational districts of Electricity Company of Ghana (ECG) in the Western region of Ghana was analyzed and the results presented. Outages due to bad weather and load shedding contributed significantly to the unplanned outages that occurred in the medium voltage (MV) distribution grid. Blown fuse and loose contact faults were the major contributor to unplanned outages in the low voltage (LV) electric power distribution grid.

Review and Comparison of Grid-Tied Inverter Controllers in Microgrids

Grid-tied inverters are widely used for interfacing renewable energy sources or storage devices to low-voltage electrical power distribution systems. Lately, a number of different control techniques have been proposed to address the emerging requirements of the smart power system scenario, in terms of both functionalities and performance. This article reviews the techniques proposed for the implementation of current-controlled or voltage-controlled inverters in microgrids. By referring to a voltage source inverter with an LCL output filter, different control architectures are classified as single, double, and triple loop. Then, the functionalities that are needed or recommended in the grid-connected, islanded, and autonomous operating modes of the grid-tied inverter are identified and their implementation in the different control structures is discussed. To validate the analysis and to better illustrate the merits and limitations of the most effective solutions, six control strategies are finally implemented and experimentally compared on a single-phase, grid-connected inverter setup.

The costs of losses at electricity distributors and municipal electric power consumers caused by the failure of the low voltage electrical power distribution lines

The costs of losses at electricity distributors and municipal electric power consumers caused by the failure of the low voltage electrical power distribution lines

Channel characterization of low voltage electric power distribution networks for PLC applications based on measurement campaign

This paper focuses on the findings outputted by a comprehensive measurement campaign carried out for characterizing and modeling Brazilian outdoor and low-voltage electric power grids for data communication purposes. In this regard, the statistics of average channel attenuation, root-mean-square delay spread, coherence time, coherence bandwidth and achievable data-rate are analyzed by considering the frequency band from 1.7 MHz up to 100 MHz, and thereof statistical models for some channel features are recommended. The periodic variation of these outdoor and low-voltage electric power grids is quantified and presented as a temporal function of the average channel attenuation. Also, mathematical models based on only two parameters representing the power spectral density of both background and impulsive noises are proposed. The results obtained from numerical analyses offer important information about Brazilian outdoor and low-voltage electric power grids for data communication purposes. Also, they constitute an opportunity for increasing the knowledge about this kind of data communication media and for assisting the design of new generations of effective and reliable power line communication systems.

Distribution Electricity Pricing Under Uncertainty

Distribution locational marginal prices (DLMPs) facilitate the efficient operation of low-voltage electric power distribution systems. We propose an approach to internalize the stochasticity of renewable distributed energy resources (DERs) and risk tolerance of the distribution system operator in DLMP computations. This is achieved by means of applying conic duality to a chance-constrained AC optimal power flow. We show that the resulting DLMPs consist of the terms that allow to itemize the prices for the active and reactive power production, balancing regulation, and voltage support provided. Finally, we prove the proposed DLMPs constitute a competitive equilibrium, which can be leveraged for designing a distribution electricity market, and show that imposing chance constraints on voltage limits distorts the equilibrium.

Application of Dynamic Voltage Restorer for Power Quality Improvement in Low Voltage Electrical Power Distribution Network: An Overview

Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) is a series connected power electronics based custom power device that is used to improve voltage disturbances in low voltage electrical power distribution network. Power quality requirement is one of the most important concerns for power system. The parts of the DVR is made up of voltage source inverter, injection/booster transformer, a harmonic filter, an energy storage device and a bypass switch. The DVR is used to inject three phase voltage in series and in synchronism with the network voltages in order to compensate voltage disturbances with a benefit of active /reactive power control. This paper presents a review of the researches on the dynamic voltage restorer application for power quality improvement in low voltage electrical power distribution networks. It describes power quality issues, principle of operation of DVR, basic components of DVR, DVRs control topologies in distribution network, DVR control strategies and compensation techniques.

A sensitivity approach to the sizing of insulated power cables in low and medium voltage electrical power distribution systems

The author develops cable-sizing criteria using sensitivity techniques. High-sensitivity parameters that influence cable size can be determined in each voltage class and design criteria formulated, to apply to both AC and DC systems. Copper and aluminium conductors with thermosetting (ethylene-propylene rubber or cross-linked polyethylene) or thermoplastic insulation are compared for use in the above systems with regard to their electrical characteristics only. Cable-sizing criteria are considered for a typical power system at both low voltage and medium voltage.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>

A Sensitivity Approach to the Sizing of Insulated Power Cables in Low and Medium Voltage Electrical Power Distribution Systems

The author develops cable-sizing criteria using sensitivity techniques. High-sensitivity parameters that influence cable size can be determined in each voltage class and design criteria formulated, to apply to both AC and DC systems. Copper and aluminium conductors with thermosetting (ethylene-propylene rubber or cross-linked polyethylene) or thermoplastic insulation are compared for use in the above systems with regard to their electrical characteristics only. Cable-sizing criteria are considered for a typical power system at both low voltage and medium voltage. >