Low-value Parts Research Articles

Analysis of Regional Division of Labor in Value Chain Patterns and Driving Factors in the Yangtze River Delta Region Using the Electronic Information Manufacturing Industry as an Example

The electronic information manufacturing industry is characterized by a very significant intra-product specialization and can display the characteristics of a regional division of labor. Looking at the existing literature, most studies have mainly examined the position of different countries in the spatial division of labor from the perspective of global value chains, with fewer empirical analyses at the city level or regional scale. Furthermore, deepening the regional division of labor in value chains is an effective way to promote regional industrial synergy and high-quality economic development. Based on the number of listed enterprises and the total number of parent–subsidiary investment connections in the electronic information manufacturing industry, this study reveals the characteristics of the deeper regional division of labor among cities by analyzing the Value Chain Division Index (VCDI). Subsequently, we used the fractional response regression model to analyze influencing factors. We found that, firstly, the core cities are dominated by the production of high-value parts, while the peripheral cities are mainly dominated by the production of middle- and low-value parts. Specifically, northern Anhui, northern Jiangsu, and southwestern Zhejiang are obviously in a disadvantaged position regarding the regional division of labor in the value chain. In the production of middle- and high-value parts, there are close investment connections between the core cities, and only a few peripheral cities maintain a certain degree of connection with the core cities. Therefore, there is a need to further strengthen industrial investment connections between the core and peripheral cities. Secondly, the regional division of labor in the value chain in the Yangtze River Delta region shows the following characteristic: a “one super, many strong” pattern. That is to say, the VCDI value of Shanghai is the highest, and the VCDI value of Suzhou, Ningbo, and Wuxi is also relatively high, while the VCDI value of peripheral cities is relatively low. Furthermore, we found that there is a relatively obvious regional division of labor among cities, but the core cities have strong homogeneity in the high-value areas. Therefore, it is necessary to further strengthen the dislocation of competition between core cities. Thirdly, the model results show that rising land prices and construction in the development zones at the provincial and national levels both have significant contributing effects on the enhancement of the regional division of labor in the value chain, while the innovation inputs, innovation outputs, and their interaction terms show a negative effect. There is a need to further enhance the efficiency of innovation transformation and improve the quality of innovation transformation in order to promote upgrading in the value chain.

Вплив змінних гідротермічних умов на поживний режим чорнозему типового та ефективність побічної продукції як добрива

Goal. To determine patterns of formation of the main and by-products of crop production on typical chornozem. To assess the use of low-value parts of the crop for fertilizer in the system of organic farming. Methods. During an experiment established in 1962, 16 variants of field crop rotations were studied. An organic system of agriculture was applied with the use of only by-products of the crop for fertilizer: grain straw and sugar beet tops. Results. With long-term use of by-products without the use of mineral fertilizers in the Eastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine on typical chornozem, legumes, on average, provide grain yield up to 2 t/ha, annual grasses — at the level of 15 t/ha green mass, and corn for silage up to 25 t/ha. The grain yield of winter wheat on pure fallow is 4.21 t/ha, after peas — 3.66, and after the rank — 3.42 t/ha with fluctuations in its ratio with straw from 1:1.2 to 1:1.7. The yield of sugar beet roots has an average level of 27 t/ha in the ratio of tops 1:0.4. The average grain yield of buckwheat is 1.2-1.3 t/ha in the absence of correlation with straw biomass, with fluctuations in the ratio between them from 1:1.6 to 1:3.5, and an average value of 1:2.2. The yield of spring barley after sugar beet and buckwheat had an average of 2.16 and 1.99 t/ha for the ratio of straw 1:1.34 and 1:1.35. Conclusions. Analysis of yield data in terms of the impact of crop rotations of the first crops on subsequent ones shows that predecessors mostly affect winter wheat and sugar beet. The obtained results make it possible to determine the production volumes of crop by-products according to the yield data of the main products to use them for fertilizer in the system of organic production.

Особенности накопления йода в мышцах кроликов на фоне использования антиоксидантов в липосомальной форме

Abstract. The problem of iodine saturation of livestock products for residents of most regions of our country requires a detailed study. One of the factors is the obtaining of livestock products enriched with organic iodine. The study of the degree of accumulation of iodine in the muscle tissue of rabbits at the background of the use of liposomal form of antioxidants enriched with organic iodine (LFA) was the main purpose of the research. Methods. An experiment on rabbits of the California breed were used. The first control group received the main diet (MD) in the form of a granular mixture. The experimental second group was given LFA based on White sea laminarias at the rate of 250 g per ton of feed mixture of MD. The third experimental group was injected with MD the LFA with Black sea Cystoseira. The formation of meat indicators, chemical analysis of muscle tissue, the level of accumulation of trace elements, including iodine in muscle tissue was studied indicators. Results. Based on the somatometric method of evaluating rabbits, it was found that the young animals of the experimental groups form a more eirisomus-type body (from 60 to 70 % of the total population). All indicators of the interactions of somatic parameters in the young groups II and III positive and highly significant correlation, and the correlation index of the density of the body correlated positively with body length (r = +0,67, p ≤ 0.01), chest girth (r = +0,86, p ≤ 0.001), length of loin (r = +0,61, p ≤ 0,01), the length of the backside (r = +0.71, p ≤ 0.001) and head measurement (r = +0,57, p ≤ 0.05). An improvement of the indicators of slaughter of experimental groups of young animals was stated. The slaughter weight increases by 12.2 %, and the mass of internal organs responsible for digestion by 4.5–43.8 %. A percentage of increase in muscle tissue during boning by 10.0–15.9 % and a decrease in the proportion of low-value parts in the carcass-bone tissue by 8.6–9.9 % was stated. Iodine in the average sample of muscle tissue of the experimental groups increases by 91.8 mcg (p ≤ 0.05) in animals of the second group and by 113.3 mcg (p ≤ 0.05) of the third group.

Improved radiation detection algorithm using wavelet packet decomposition

Easy-to-pilot drones are now readily available off the shelf, which have caused many security risks in public due to the unauthorised drones. However, limited works can be achieved to detect the drones, especially under strong interferences. This work considers the detection of drones via utilising a remote sensing algorithm developed in this work to extract the communication signals of the drone. The clutters including the static and/or non-static noises in the collected communication signals are eliminated based on the effective background suppression algorithm and linear trend suppression technique. Then, principal parts extraction method is utilised to remove the low-value parts of the radio-frequency signals, which can also improve via the automatic gain control method. Gaussian noise is suppressed using wavelet transform. Three errors of the acquired estimated frequency estimates from the above algorithms can be utilised to judge whether there are unauthorised drones or not in the monitoring airspace. The obtained detection results indicate the better performance and reliability of the detection algorithm developed in this study.

STUDY OF MAIN QUALITY AND SAFETY PARAMETERS OF STRUCTURED OLIVES AND THEIR CHANGE UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF TECHNOLOGICAL FACTORS

Today scientific-practical bases of technologies of structured food products allow to create a principally new segment of products at the food market. Introduction of new principles of processing raw materials and ingredients, practical production methods allows to get food products with a new commodity and consumption form. There were studied technological aspects of producing structured food products of a round form on the example of the structured olive technology. Experimental studies and practical achievements in structuring (capsulation) allowed to create a product-analogue with quality and safety parameters, maximally approximated to the natural product. Principles of extruding formation with the synchronous combination of principles of external gel-creation allow to get a three-phase structure of a product (skin, internal content, filler), high organoleptic indices and target food value. At the same time the developed technology allows to involve in the technological process low-value parts of an olive-fruit and raw materials with decreased commodity-technological properties. In its turn, it allows to increase profitability indices and economic capacity of the new technology.

Watermarking of Digital Images With the Substitution of Low-Value Bits to Increase Capacity

In this article, a novel watermarking method is proposed which applies the substitution of LSB for low-value parts of the image to embed confidential data. The watermark bits are encoded before being placed. Also, the data on the diameters of the host image blocks are selected on the basis of an irregular determined algorithm that is resistant to attacks. The host image applied in the proposed algorithm should be grayscale. The proposed algorithm uses three bits to embed data that will increase the capacity. In the conventional LSB method, in host image matrix, data are stored in the consecutive numbers, but in this proposed scheme, the host image blocks are divided into separate n × n parts and the diameter of each block are placed in a vector. Then embedded watermarking bits in a vector of numbers is done, from the resulting vector a new block is created, and finally, that block is stored in a new matrix. Then the host image block is overwritten which results in a watermarked image with high capacity.

Procurement of a supply information system

Purpose – Given the high importance of information systems for procurement, surprisingly there have been little efforts to analyze the process and the relevant reasons for the procurement decision of such systems from a stakeholder perspective. The purpose of this paper is to explore these aspects in the context of low-value (C-)parts. Design/methodology/approach – Research is based on a case study in a pre-fabricator company in Germany and analyzes the process to procure a system for sourcing low-value parts. Findings – As a finding, the procurement process and decision attributes have been integrated into a framework which supports corporate decision-making considering the procurement reasons of all involved stakeholders (internal departments, external customers and suppliers). Research limitations/implications – Research is based on case study analysis. Findings are specific to case companies and the environment in which they operate. The framework should be tested further in different contexts. Practical implications – The developed decision frame supports the evaluation of different sourcing information systems, including clearly measurable criteria but also qualitative or company-strategic decision attributes. Originality/value – The combination of financial and other perspectives (operations, information technology (IT)-administration, system users, etc.), is used to evolve a robust ex-ante instrument for supporting buying decisions for procurement information systems. The case description also illustrates the findings and develops new insights about stakeholders and buying groups decision-making for information systems.

Optimal defence theory predicts investment in extrafloral nectar resources in an ant–plant mutualism

Summary 1. Nearly all mutualisms entail the production of resources by one species that attract and reward the species with which it interacts. As such resource production could otherwise be allocated to growth or reproduction, mutualists are predicted to minimize these investment costs. Here, we employ optimal defence theory for plant secondary compounds to evaluate plant production of extrafloral nectar (EFN) resources to attract and reward ants for resistance against herbivores. 2. Through ant exclusion and artificial herbivory experiments, we examined investment in EFN by both buds and fruits of Pachycereus schottii (senita cacti) in the Sonoran Desert of North America. We tested predictions of optimal defence theory that plants invest more in high value parts (fruits) through constitutive EFN, less in low value parts (buds) through induced EFN, and that for a given plant part (buds or fruits), constitutive and induced EFN are negatively correlated. 3. Constitutive levels of EFN were greater in fruits than in buds. Only buds showed induced EFN production following artificial herbivory. Constitutive EFN scaled positively with fruit size but not bud size. Induced EFN was negatively correlated with constitutive EFN for fruits (but not buds), suggesting a potential trade-off in these two herbivore resistance traits. 4. These results indicate that P. schottii minimizes its costs by investing in induced EFN for buds and constitutive EFN for fruits. Moreover, by shifting from induced to constitutive EFN with the morphogenesis of buds to fruits, our results show that investment in EFN can change as a particular plant tissue increases from a lower to a higher value. 5. Synthesis . Indirect defence through EFN production is in accord with that of direct defence through plant secondary compounds, thereby supporting optimal defence theory as a general framework with which to evaluate the costs of producing resources (i.e. the defence) by plants, lycaenids and homopterans to attract and reward ants for their resistance against natural enemies in protection mutualisms.

Research Note: Yield of Large Tom Turkeys

Whole and cut-up yields of large tom turkeys within three sizes (15.4 to 17.5 kg, 18.6 to 20.0 kg, and 20.9 to 23.1 kg) were studied. Sixty toms of each size were used in the whole-bird study, and 25 in the cut-up study. Chilled dressed weight, as a percentage of preslaughter weight, increased for the two larger sizes; however, there was no significant difference between the two larger sizes. Breast meat as a percentage of preslaughter and chilled weight increased as turkey size increased. Percentages for the giblets were greater with the smallest birds. Percentage neck was lower for the largest birds. Percentages of the remaining low-value parts were nearly the same for all size groups. With the exception of breast meat, percentage yield of other parts appeared to level off once the tom turkey reached 18 to 20 kg.

Growth and development of Bohemian geese (Anser anser).

1. One hundred and twenty geese were slaughtered in groups of 10 at weekly intervals from 1-d-old until 71 d and also at 114 d and were subjected to carcase analysis. 2. The reduction in the proportion of low-value parts of the body in the period from the first to 114th d after hatching was 16.4 and 17.3% for males and females, respectively. 3. The relative proportion of weight of legs declined both with age and with body weight increase. It was described by a linear function in males and by a power function in females. 4. The relative proportion of wing weight increased from 1.2 and 1.3% on the first day after hatching in males and females, respectively, to 16.6% at the age of 50 d, and 15.2% at the age of 43 d in males and females, respectively.