Low Transfer Efficiency Research Articles

Efficient generation of Fe(IV) = O for water purification in periodate activation process: Reducing Fe orbital occupation and expanding electron transfer channel

The rapid generation of high-valent iron species (Fe(IV) = O) in AOPs has become a challenge for the removal of organic pollutants due to the high electron occupancy in the Fe 3d orbitals and low electron transfer efficiency. Herein, BN modified CuFe2O4 catalysts were constructed by in situ growth of CuFe2O4 nanoparticles on ultrathin BN nanosheets for periodate (PI) catalysis. Especially, the formed Fe-N interface sites not only reduce the electron occupation in the Fe 3d orbitals, but also expand the electronic transfer pathway, thus transforming the oxidation mechanism from one electron process to two electron process for facilitating the Fe(IV) = O and 1O2 generation in the CuFe2O4/BN/PI system. The bimetallic redox cycle between Fe and Cu realizes the accelerated conversion of Fe(III) to Fe(II), promoting the continuous and fast conversion of Fe(II) to Fe(IV) = O via two electron process. As a result, the developed CuFe2O4/BN/PI system exhibits excellent degradation efficiency for oxytetracycline (OTC), achieving 91.02 % OTC removal within 60 min, and maintains relatively high remove efficiency even under different water quality conditions. This research provides a new insight into the evolution of Fe(IV) = O and the deep mechanism of PI activation.

Numerical Investigation on Heat Transfer Efficiency from Gas to Scrap in Feeding System of 100 t Consteel Electric Arc Furnace

The Consteel electric arc furnace (EAF) has gained rapid development in the field of EAF steelmaking due to its advantageous features including short tap‐to‐tap time, low production energy consumption, and waste heat recovery. However, the low heat transfer efficiency from gas to scrap has remained a persistent technical challenge in Consteel EAF. This research establishes a scrap preheating model for the Consteel EAF to comprehensively investigate the heat transfer efficiency from gas to scrap. The calculation results demonstrate that the heat transfer efficiency from gas to scrap can be effectively enhanced by increasing the initial gas velocity and scrap porosity. Specifically, raising the initial gas velocity from 0.9 to 1.5 m s−1 improves convective and radiative heat exchange, leading to increased heat transfer efficiency from gas to scrap at the same positions within the scrap layer. Moreover, increasing the scrap porosity from 0.92 to 0.98 significantly enhances the heat transfer efficiency through augmented radiation heat exchange. Notably, the improvement in heat transfer efficiency resulting from increased porosity is considerably greater than that achieved through increased gas velocity. The findings of this study hold significant practical implications for the actual field production operations in the horizontal continuous feeding system of EAF.

Enhanced Chirality Transfer in Self‐Assembled Nanocomposites Powered by A Trace Amount of Chiral Dimeric Molecules

Chiral‐selective self‐assembly has markedly advanced the development of chiral materials. While the Sergeant and Soldiers principle allows for chirality amplification, it necessitates precise shape‐matching between chiral and achiral molecules, leading to a low chirality transfer efficiency—where one chiral molecule influences the chirality of a limited number of achiral molecules. Here, we show that this efficiency can be markedly enhanced by introducing chiral dimeric molecules. In this work, a single chiral molecule can control the chirality of up to 200 achiral molecules and even direct the assembly of inorganic nanoparticles into chiral nanocomposites through a sequential chirality transfer process. Moreover, this approach exhibits remarkable robustness, operating effectively without necessitating a precise match between chiral and achiral molecules. Consequently, using the same chiral molecules at an exceptionally low molar fraction (0.5 mol%) allows for the chiral‐selective assembly of achiral molecules over a broad spectrum, regardless of their packing habits, thus facilitating the creation of otherwise inaccessible chiral materials with modulated chiroptical properties. Last but not least, even a trace amount of chiral molecules can enhance the elastic modulus of the self‐assembled nanocomposites by a factor of eight.

Supercritical CO2 Brayton cycle for space exploration: New perspectives base on power density analysis

High-power-density space energy systems are crucial for establishing colonies on the lunar or Mars and exploring the solar system's outer edges. This study develops a space CO2 Brayton cycle thermodynamic and mass predicted model. Exploring how critical thermodynamic parameters influence power density, identifying pathways for optimizing energy efficiency and mass, analyzing differences between space sCO2 Brayton cycles and conventional ground systems, and proposing improved routes. Results indicate that the peak power density is 38.99 W/kg for 100 kW power output, with the radiator nearly 40 % of the total mass due to low radiative heat transfer efficiency in the space environment and the compressor inlet temperature far from the CO2 vapor dome. The high-efficiency advantages of sCO2 near its critical region cannot be realized. Two improved strategies include using CO2-base mixture to raise the critical temperature or switching to a subcritical cycle for enhanced safety. Adding H2S has the best improvement, increasing power density by approximately 7.8 %. Reducing the high side pressure from 15.8 MPa to 7 MPa, power density decreased to 34.3W/kg due to lower heat transfer performance. Until the stability of the CO2-H2S mixture and high-pressure sealing is solved, the subcritical CO2 Brayton cycle may be a more promising technical approach.

Temperature-Dependent Characterization of Long-Range Conduction in Conductive Protein Fibers of Cable Bacteria.

Multicellular cable bacteria display an exceptional form of biological conduction, channeling electric currents across centimeter distances through a regular network of protein fibers embedded in the cell envelope. The fiber conductivity is among the highest recorded for biomaterials, but the underlying mechanism of electron transport remains elusive. Here, we performed detailed characterization of the conductance from room temperature down to liquid helium temperature to attain insight into the mechanism of long-range conduction. A consistent behavior is seen within and across individual filaments. The conductance near room temperature reveals thermally activated behavior, yet with a low activation energy. At cryogenic temperatures, the conductance at moderate electric fields becomes virtually independent of temperature, suggesting that quantum vibrations couple to the charge transport through nuclear tunneling. Our data support an incoherent multistep hopping model within parallel conduction channels with a low activation energy and high transfer efficiency between hopping sites. This model explains the capacity of cable bacteria to transport electrons across centimeter-scale distances, thus illustrating how electric currents can be guided through extremely long supramolecular protein structures.

Rapid-response electrochromic devices with self-wrinkling polyaniline for enhanced infrared emissivity modulation

Electrochromic devices (ECDs) based on polyaniline (PANI) can alter their optical properties reversely by varying applied voltages, showing great potential in infrared (IR) information concealment. However, the traditional ECD with a flat PANI layer tends to perform unsatisfactorily in IR emissivity regulation and response time, resulting in risks of information leakage and low transfer efficiency. To address these challenges, a wrinkled microstructure is incorporated into the PANI layer (PANI-W) of the ECD (ECD-W) through a self-wrinkling method. Theoretic simulations combined with experimental results verify that the PANI-W endows an enhanced antireflection effect and a more complete redox degree. As a result, the ECD-W exhibits an exceptional IR emissivity modulation (0.375) and a short response time (1.8 s/2.6 s), allowing it to realize a temperature modulation of 8.9 °C. Moreover, various patterned and anti-patterned ECDs-W are feasibly prepared without masks, and more complicated patterns can be realized by erasing the unnecessary part of PANI-W on the ECDs-W. Two encryption/decryption strategies based on these ECDs-W are presented to provide more secure ways for IR information concealment. This research offers guidance to achieve high-performance ECDs with more effective spectrum regulation and faster responses, showing great potential in thermal regulation and IR information protection.

A modeling method based on incomplete mixed cells in counter-current chromatography: Interphase mass transfer ratio

Complex mass transfer processes are highly involved in the performance of counter-current chromatography (CCC), so profound exploration should be conducted to improve the overall performance. To more accurately estimate the interphase mass transfer efficiency in the elution process, this study proposes an incomplete mixed cell model by linking layering-mixing-layering behavior and wave-like mixing. With the model, we proposed a fast estimation algorithm for interphase mass transfer ratio (IMTR), which can independently reflect the magnitude of the interphase mass transfer efficiency. The experimental results show that the IMTR of all samples was relatively small, with an average value of not >10 % under different operating conditions. This indicates that the low column efficiency of CCC may be mainly due to the low efficiency of interphase mass transfer. In addition, by analyzing the influencing factors of IMTR, it is found that IMTR is positively correlated with the number of theoretical plates and the retention of stationary phase (Sf), but negatively correlated with the number of incomplete mixing cells (n). Therefore, in the study of column efficiency optimization, we recommend that the distribution ratio, Sf, and n should remain unchanged in control experiments to ensure that IMTR directly reflects the effect on interphase mass transfer efficiency. This study further completes the evaluation index of the CCC column efficiency, revealing the underlying mechanisms of IMTR on column efficiency and providing a theoretical foundation for future research on high-efficiency CCC.

All‐Climate Thermal Management Performance of Power Batteries Based on Double‐Layer Flexible Phase Change Materials

AbstractThermal management systems for power batteries based on phase change materials (PCM) are limited by low heat transfer efficiency, leakage issues, and high rigidity, and most of them cannot meet the needs of all‐climate thermal management. A double‐layer flexible phase change material (FPCM) sleeve structure for all‐climate thermal management is proposed in this study for the first time. Innovations in both material and design have enhanced the adaptability of the thermal management system. The outer layer FPCM achieves high thermal conductivity (4.23 W m−1 K−1) and electrical conductivity (0.95 S m−1), the inner layer FPCM achieves insulation (22.76 MΩ) and flexibility, the thermal contact resistance (TCR) between the double‐layer sleeve structure and the battery are measured to be only 0.15 °C W−1, significantly improved thermal management performance. Experimental results show that at 30 °C ambient temperature, 5 C discharge, the system reduces the maximum temperature by 14.5 °C, from 61.4 to 46.9 °C, compared to natural convection. Additionally, during heating, the system achieves heating rates of 7.0, 8.3, and 8.7 °C min−1 at −20, −10, and 0 °C, respectively, extending battery discharge duration by 32.5%, 65.9%, and 33.6%.

Time, temperature and concentration resolved Yb3+ luminescence study in co-sputtered Cu2-xGaxS2 (0.1 < x < 1.6) thin films with a Cu–Ga composition gradient

The broad class of Cu(Al,Ga,In) (S,Se,Te)2 solar absorber materials when doped with Yb3+ are interesting for thin film based luminescent solar concentrator (LSC's) application. In this work the strong and broad absorption properties of co-sputtered CuGaS2 (CGS) thin films combined with the luminescent properties of Yb are reported. Energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS), x-ray diffraction, transmission, excitation, and temperature dependent emission as well as radiative lifetime measurements are performed on thin films with varying Cu:Ga ratios and Yb3+ concentrations. It is found that Yb3+ emission can be broadly sensitized by the host in the range of 200–600 nm. A lower Cu:Ga ratio, crystallinity and post annealing in air provides a positive impact on the sensitization of Yb3+ emission. The temperature dependent time integrated decay curves show a clear thermal energy barrier of about 0.2 eV. Because the exponential tail, with a lifetime of 110 μs, is constant with temperature, we conclude that the barrier is connected to the thermal release of electrons trapped at the Yb2+ ground state. The low energy transfer efficiency from the host to the Yb dopant is attributed to efficient non-radiative electron-hole pair recombination. The prospects and design criteria of Cu(Al,Ga,In) (S,Se,Te)2 solar absorber materials for LSC applications is the further subject of the discussion.

Progress in theory and simulations of lattice Boltzmann method for heat transfer enhancement on phase change

As a general phenomenon in science and engineering, phase change has appeared and been applied in many aspects. However, there is a sufficient necessity to enhance the heat transfer in the phase change process due to the low heat transfer efficiency of the phase change material. In order to improve the efficiency of heat transfer during the phase change process, theory and numerical simulations based on computational fluid dynamics, especially the lattice Boltzmann (LB) method, are reviewed. The LB method has become a strong numerical method for heat and mass transfer and fluid dynamics because of its mesoscopic nature and a series of unique merits brought by this nature. In this article, progress in theory and simulations of the LB method for heat transfer enhancement on phase change is reviewed. This review first introduces the basic theories and models of the LB method for flow field and temperature field. Afterward, the development of the LB models for tracing the phase interface is reviewed. The application of the LB method for phase change and investigations of the heat transfer enhancement in the phase change process are also discussed. Finally, future developments in the LB method for phase change problems are prospected.

Hydrodynamics of liquid–liquid parallel flow in novel microextractors: Review

Parallel flows on microfluidic platforms enable continuous liquid–liquid operations and inline separation of effluent streams, bearing immense scope in integration of miniaturized separation processes. However, these flows face major challenges including low mass transfer efficiency due to lack of transverse convection and flow instability at low flow rates, which undermine their operating range and utility. The limitations have inspired dedicated research, delving into the fundamentals of fluid flow and transport mechanism and exploring novel configurations of microextractors. The current article summarizes the hydrodynamics of parallel flows and relevant process intensification strategies in microfluidic extractors, evolving from the use of straight to curved and helical geometries, besides elucidating unique secondary flow patterns observed in-state-of-the-art designs. It includes exclusive sections addressing various aspects of parallel flows: (i) flow inception and theoretical modeling of flow fields and phase hold up, (ii) challenges concerning interfacial stability and flow intensification, (iii) curvature effects in planar curved geometries, and (iv) curvature cum torsional effects in unique multi-helical configurations. The theoretical perspective of this review presents a roadmap that can provide further insights into design modifications for developing improved integrated microextractors based on parallel flows.

Global Estimates of Particulate Organic Carbon Concentration From the Surface Ocean to the Base of the Mesopelagic

AbstractThe gravitational settling of organic particles from the surface to the deep ocean is an important export pathway and one of the largest components of the ocean carbon pump. The strength and efficiency of the gravitational pump are often measured using metrics reliant on reference depths and empirical formulations that parameterize the relationship between depth and the flux or concentration of particulate organic carbon (POC). Here, BGC‐Argo profiles were used to identify the isolume where POC concentration, [POC], starts to decline, revealing attenuation trends below this isolume that are remarkably consistent across the global ocean. We developed a simple empirical approach that uses observations from the first optical depth to predict [POC] from the surface ocean to the base of the mesopelagic (1,000 m), allowing assessments of spatial and temporal variability in gravitational pump efficiencies. We find that rates of [POC] attenuation are high in areas of high biomass and low in areas of low biomass, supporting the view that bloom events sometimes result in a relatively weak deep biological pump that is characterized by low transfer efficiency to the base of the mesopelagic. Our isolume‐based attenuation model was applied to satellite data to yield the first remote sensing‐based estimate of integrated global POC stock of 3.02 Pg C over the top 1,000 m, with an uncertainty of 0.69 Pg C. Of this total stock, approximately 1.02 Pg was located above the reference isolume where [POC] begins to attenuate.

Electrogenic performance and carbon sequestration potential of biophotovoltaics.

Biophotovoltaics (BPV) is a clean and sustainable solar energy generation technology that operates by utilizing photosynthetic autotrophic microorganisms to capture light energy and generate electricity. However, a major challenge faced by BPV systems is the relatively low electron transfer efficiency from the photosystem to the extracellular electrode, which limits its electrical output. Additionally, the transfer mechanisms of photosynthetic microorganism metabolites in the entire system are still not fully clear. In response to this, this article briefly introduces the basic BPV principles, reviews its development history, and summarizes measures to optimize its electrogenic efficiency. Furthermore, recent studies have found that constructing photosynthetic-electrogenic microbial consortia can achieve high power density and stability in BPV systems. Therefore, the article discusses the potential application of constructing photosynthetic-electrogenic microbial aggregates in BPV systems. Since photosynthetic-electrogenic microbial communities can also exist in natural ecosystems, their potential contribution to the carbon cycle is worth further attention.

Flow characteristics and mass transfer performance of phosphoric acid extraction in a T-type central plug-in microreactor

In recent years, the demand for phosphoric acid, a key raw material for lithium iron phosphate batteries, has surged. However, current phosphoric acid extraction equipment faces challenges such as low mass transfer efficiency and difficulty in phase separation, leading to reduced production efficiency, bulky equipment, and scaling issues. To address these problems, this study introduces a T-type central plug-in microreactor (TCPM) designed to enhance mass transfer efficiency and facilitate rapid phase separation. The extraction of phosphoric acid from the water phase to the organic phase (volume ratio of tributyl phosphate to kerosene is 4:1) was chosen as the experimental system. We investigated the effects of various parameters on liquid-liquid flow and mass transfer characteristics in the TCPM. Visualization techniques identified slug and parallel flow as the primary liquid-liquid flow patterns within the TCPM. Notably, the central plug-in promotes the formation of parallel flow, improving phase separation compared to conventional T-type microreactors. The volume mass transfer coefficient of the TCPM ranges from 0.023 to 0.074 s-1, and the optimal phosphoric acid extraction efficiency and volume mass transfer coefficient can reach up to 90.5% and 0.074 s-1, respectively, outperforming conventional T-type microreactors. Predictive model for extraction efficiency was developed, showing deviations within 10%. These findings demonstrate the TCPM's potential as an efficient phosphoric acid extraction device with rapid phase separation, holding significant promise for liquid-liquid extraction applications.

Engineered Half-Unit-Cell MoS2/ZnIn2S4 Monolayer Photocatalysts and Adsorbed Hydroxyl Radicals-Assisted Activation of Cα-H Bond for Efficient Cβ-O Bond Cleavage in Lignin to Aromatic Monomers.

Photocatalysis has high potential in the cleavage of Cβ-O bond in lignin into high-value aromatic monomers; however, the inefficient Cα-H bond activation in lignin and a low hydrogen transfer efficiency on the photocatalyst's surfaces have limited its application in photocatalytic lignin conversion. This study indicates that the cleavage of the Cβ-O bond can be improved by the generation of the Cα radical intermediate through Cα-H bond activation, and the formation of desirable aromatic products can be significantly improved by the enhanced hydrogen transfer efficiency from photocatalyst surfaces to aromatic monomeric radicals. We elaborately designed the half-unit-cell MoS2/ZnIn2S4 monolayer with a thickness of ∼1.7 nm to promote the hydrogen transfer efficiency on the photocatalyst surfaces. The ultrathin structure can shorten the diffusion distance of charge carriers from the interior to the surfaces and tight interface between MoS2 and ZnIn2S4 to facilitate the migration of photogenerated electrons from ZnIn2S4 to MoS2, therefore improving the selectivity of desirable products. The adsorbed hydroxyl radical (*OH) on the surfaces of MoS2/ZnIn2S4 from water oxidation can significantly reduce the bond dissociation energy (BDE) of Cα-H bond in PP-ol from 2.38 to 1.87 eV, therefore improving the Cα-H bond activation. The isotopic experiments of H2O/D2O indicate that the efficiency of *OH generation is an important step in Cα-H bond activation for PP-ol conversion to aromatic monomers. In summary, PP-ol can completely convert to 86.6% phenol and 82.3% acetophenone after 1 h of visible light irradiation by using 3% MoS2/ZnIn2S4 and the assistance of *OH, which shows the highest conversion rate compared to previous works.

A high-power hybrid carbon nanotube/three-dimensional reduced graphene oxide glucose/O2 enzymatic biofuel cell

Long-lasting, high-performance enzymatic biofuel cells (EBFCs) are among the most promising candidates for renewable and green power generation. There are two main drawbacks to EBFCs: 1) short enzyme lifetime due to the enzyme's (protein) denaturation; and 2) low electron transfer efficiency as the enzyme's active site is deeply buried inside the non-conductive protein structure of the enzyme. In this study, a hybrid of carbon nanotubes (CNT) and three-dimensional graphene (3DG) was used to immobilize the glucose oxidase (GOx) on the surface of a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) to fabricate a modified bioanode in a glucose/O2 EBFC. This facile and low-cost CNT/3DG hybrid is a solution to the problems of instability, short lifespan, and poor electron transport in EBFCs. The exceptional electrocatalytic activity of the porous CNT/3DG hybrid is demonstrated by its effective immobilization of GOx and ability to collect energy from glucose oxidation by direct electron transfer (DET) while preserving the structure of the enzyme. The CNT acts like a tiny electrical wire that reaches and harvests the electron directly from the flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) (the redox center of GOx) and transfers it to the electrode surface, thus enhancing the performance of the EBFC. The immobilized GOx lifetime was increased to 210 days with a maximum power density of 253.36 µWcm-2 at 0.65 V. These results demonstrate the attractive capability of the CNT/3DG hybrid in the development of efficient biofuel cells and biosensors that employ enzymes in their structures.

M/BiOCl-(M=Pt, Pd, and Au) Boosted Selective Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction to C2 Hydrocarbons via *CHO Intermediate Manipulation.

Selective CO2 photoreduction to C2 hydrocarbons is significant but limited by the inadequate adsorption strength of the reaction intermediates and low efficiency of proton transfer. Herein, an ameliorative *CO adsorption and H2O activation strategy is realized via decorating bismuth oxychloride (BiOCl) nanostructures with different metal (Pt, Pd, and Au) species. Experimental and theoretical calculation results reveal that distinct *CO binding energies and *H acquisition abilities of the metal cocatalysts mediate the CO2 reduction activity and hydrocarbon selectivity. The relatively moderate *CO adsorption and *H supply over Pd/BiOCl endows it with the lowest free energy to generate *CHO, leading to its highest activity of hydrocarbon production. Specifically, the Pt cocatalyst can efficiently participate in H2O dissociation to deliver more *H for facilitating the protonation of the *CHO and *CHOH, thereby favoring CH4 production with 76.51% selectivity. A lower *H supply over Pd/BiOCl and Au/BiOCl results in a large energy barrier for *CHO or *CHOH protonation and thus a more thermodynamically favored OC─CHO coupling pathway, which endows them with vastly increased C2 hydrocarbon selectivity of 81.21% and 92.81%, respectively. The understanding of efficient C2 hydrocarbon production in this study sheds light on how materials can be engineered for photocatalytic CO2 reduction.

Boosting Photocatalytic CO2 Methanation through Interface Fusion over CdS Quantum Dot Aerogels.

In the field of photocatalytic CO2 reduction, quantum dot (QD) assemblies have emerged as promising candidate photocatalysts due to their superior light absorption and better substrate adsorption. However, the poor contacts within QD assemblies lead to low interfacial charge transfer efficiency, making QD assemblies suffer from unsatisfactory photocatalytic performance. Herein, a novel approach is presented involving the construction of strongly interfacial fused CdS QD assemblies (CdS QD gel) for CO2 reduction. The novel CdS QD gel demonstrates outstanding photocatalytic performance for CO2 methanation, achieving a CH4 generation rate of ≈296 µmol g-1 h-1, with a selectivity surpassing 76% and an apparent quantum yield (AQY) of 1.4%. Further investigations reveal that the robust interfacial fusion in these CdS QDs not only boosts their ability to absorb visible light but also significantly promotes charge separation. The present work paves the way for utilizing QD gel photocatalysts in realizing efficient CO2 reduction and highlights the critical role of interfacial engineering in photocatalysts.

Donor polarization engineering of conjugated microporous polymers to boost exciton dissociation for photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline

The misuse and inevitable release of antibiotics can cause significant harm to both human health and the environment, and the use of polymeric semiconductors for photodegradation of antibiotics in aqueous environments is one of the most effective strategies to alleviate the current dilemma. Nevertheless, the inherently high exciton binding energy (Eb) and low photogenerated carrier transfer efficiency for most photocatalysts results in unsatisfactory photodegradation performance. Hence, this work proposes a donor polarization strategy to regulate the exciton dissociation of conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) by minimizing their Eb. Results exhibited that the introduction of the strong donor unit 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) not only reduces the Eb and effectively promotes exciton dissociation, but also broadens the visible light absorption of CMP. Among them, EdtTz-CMP with the lowest Eb (99 meV) delivered an efficiency of 94.6% in photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline (TC) with in 90 min, significantly higher than those of its analogues. This work provides a viable approach to design CMPs by tuning the intrinsic dipole of the donor for efficient environmental purification.

A leaf-like photothermal evaporator with enhanced thermal conduction in reversed solar-driven desalination for efficient freshwater harvest

Solar-driven desalination has received tremendous attention due to its utilization of renewable solar energy, minimized carbon footprint, and simple installation. However, the traditional solar evaporator has the disadvantages of damaged light absorption and low heat transfer efficiency. In this work, a leaf-like photothermal evaporator (LPE) is designed by integrating the functions of light-to-heat conversion, water transport and evaporation, and vapor discharge. The photothermal layer is made of graphene oxide reduced by tannic acid, which shows a full–spectrum optical absorption as high as 94 % and achieves a strong combination with the water transport-evaporation layer thereby improving the heat conduction. Due to the chemical and mechanical bonding between tannic acid and cellulose, the temperature difference between the photothermal layer and the water transport-evaporation layer was reduced by 33 %. In addition, the water transport-evaporation layer adopts a Janus structure, which makes the water transport-evaporation layer thinner, thereby reducing the heat loss during the water transporting process, and provides a hydrophobic surface with good resistance of salt precipitation. By combing with an aluminum-made invert-structured condenser, a reversed solar-driven desalination (RSDD) system is proposed, whose water collecting rate is greatly improved to be 1.007 kg m−2 h−1. A freshwater collection efficiency as high as 80 % is almost the highest value of a single-stage solar distiller. Besides, a single-stage solar distiller with four LPEs in parallel is made and applied in the outdoor desalination. This work proposes a design idea for a new type of solar distillation system, which will play a role in response to the water crisis.