Low Technology Innovation Research Articles

MANAJEMEN RANTAI NILAI KOMODITAS ANGGREK DI PT ANUGERAH ANGGREK NUSANTARA KABUPATEN KEDIRI

The value chain for the development of orchid commodities at PT Anugerah Anggrek Nusantara has several obstacles, namely the agro-climate that does not support orchid cultivation, low technological innovation, and limited stock availability so that consumer demand cannot be fulfilled optimally. This research was conducted from August to December 2022 at PT Anugerah Anggrek Nusantara Kediri Regency, East Java. Sources of data used, namely primary data through observation, interviews, and documentation, while secondary data through literature studies. The results of the study show that value chain management at PT Anugerah Anggrek Nusantara is carried out with several activities including, procurement of raw material inputs, production processes, and marketing. Procurement of production inputs depends on the activities of the production stages obtained from offline and online stores. Production activities at PT Anugerah Anggrek Nusantara consist of pollination, tissue culture, acclimatization, repotting, maintenance, harvesting and marketing. Marketing activities at this company apply the marketing strategy of the 7P marketing mix, namely product, price, promotion, place, people, process, and physical evidence.

Pembuatan Aneka Bakery Berbasis Umbi-Umbian Hasil Panen Jemaat GPdI Blessing Distrik Heram, Kota Jayapura

Tubers are one of the local foods besides rice and corn which have the potential as alternative food. Processing of tubers in Papua is generally still carried out simply and on small industry likes home industry. Various tuber are usually consumed by local people by boiled, fried, baked, and steamed. Many modern food are made from tuber flour to increase consumer interest. Generally, local people tuber crops are sold without going through modern processing. Low technological innovation and creation of local food causes the low consumer interest to consume various local food products. This activity was carried out with the aim of being GPdI, Blessing congregation, to increase the congregation insight so they interest to increase local food product by increase the nutritional value and selling value of the congregation’s crops in modern packaging. Theoretical and practical methods are carried out with the intention of providing an explanation regarding the processing of tubers in to modern products. The practice was carried out so that the participants could directly make various bakeries made from tubers. During the activity, start to finish, participants were enthusiastic and were able to produce various bakery produks such as bread, brudel, and brownis cake. Keyword: Tubers; Bakery; GPdI Blessing; Heram

Optimization of the geometry of double-chamber basin-type passive solar stills to maximize yield

AbstractDeveloping countries require simple low-technology methods to desalinate drinking water. Passive solar stills are an example of a simple low-technology innovation that can desalinate saline water for small populations. Compared to single-chamber solar stills, double-chamber solar stills have the potential of increasing the yield of solar stills due to an increased condensation surface area. An experiment was carried out to determine the optimal angle of double-chamber solar stills. The set-up comprised double-chamber solar stills with angles of 10°, 20°, 30° and 40°, with a control set-up of a 20° single-chamber solar still. The experiment was conducted in January 2022 at Juja in Kiambu County, Kenya. The double-chamber solar stills comprised an evaporation chamber and a condensation chamber. The dimensions of the chambers were 0.5 m × 0.5 m with a height of 0.25 m. The main assumptions were that there existed steady-state conditions and that the solar still was leakproof. The research found that the 40° double-chamber solar still had the highest yield of 3.756 l/m2/day and the 10° double-chamber solar still had the least yield of 1.644 l/m2/day. Comparing the 20° double-chamber still and the 20° single-chamber still (control), the double-chamber solar still had a higher external efficiency.

Evolutionary Game and Simulation Analysis of Intelligent Connected Vehicle Industry With Cross-Border Collaborative Innovation

The Made in China 2025 national strategy has prioritized intelligent connected vehicles (ICV) to realize the intelligence and connection transformation and upgrading of the automotive industry, ushering in unprecedented development opportunities. There are two technology paths in the ICV industry: single-vehicle intelligence and vehicle-infrastructure collaboration. Both face problem of low technological innovation efficiency, and key to solving it is breaking down barriers between enterprises and realizing cross-border collaborative innovation. This study offers a new cross-border collaborative innovation development paradigm for the ICV industry, centered on automotive enterprises and technology platform providers. This study examines the impact of changes in key parameters on the evolutionary results using the system dynamics method to analyze the efficiency of cross-border collaborative innovation in the ICV industry. The simulation results showed that cross-border collaborative innovation is inevitable for the ICV industry. Furthermore, compared to the single-vehicle intelligence scenario, the vehicle-infrastructure collaboration scenario shows faster convergence between automotive enterprises and technology platform providers. Finally, the choice of system collaborative innovation strategy is influenced by default cost and the collaborative innovation risk coefficient, whereas the cost-sharing coefficient and network connection fee only have an impact on the cross-border collaborative innovation system’s rate of evolution in the ICV industry.

Cooperative R&D and Technological Innovation Performance between Enterprises: An Empirical Analysis Based on the 2019 World Bank Survey of Kazakhstani Enterprises

Kazakhstani companies have a long-standing problem of low technological innovation performance. With the increasing complexity of technology research and development and the continuous increase of costs and risks, cooperative research and development between enterprises has become one of the important ways of corporate innovation. This article is based on the World Bank 2019 Survey Data of Kazakhstani companies, the propensity score matching method and the generalized propensity score matching method are used to investigate the impact of inter-firm cooperative R&D decisions and the intensity of inter-firm cooperative R&D on the technological innovation performance of enterprises. The research results show that compared with not carrying out cooperative R&D between enterprises, carrying out cooperative R&D among enterprises can significantly improve the technological innovation performance of enterprises; only when the intensity of cooperative R&D between enterprises is at a relatively low level, increasing cooperative R&D between enterprises can significantly improve the technological innovation performance of enterprises, and when the intensity of cooperative R&D is too high, it will not effectively improve the technological innovation performance of enterprises.

Impact of inter-fuel substitution on energy intensity in Ghana

Energy intensity and elasticity, together with inter-fuel substitution are key issues in the current development stage of Ghana. Translog production and ridge regression are applied for studying these issues with a data range of 2000–2015. The current energy dynamics reveal the expected inverse relationship: higher energy intensity and lower elasticity with economic growth. There are evidences of energy-economic challenges: high energy cost, inefficiency and backfire rebound effect. The implications are higher energy losses in the system, more consumption of lower-quality energy together with low energy technology innovation. Energy is wasted and directly not productive with economic activities. It is observed further that the higher energy intensity invariably increases CO2 emission because approximately 95% of total energy is derived from hydrocarbons and biomass. An inter-fuel substitution future scenario design was further conducted and the results were positive with growth, lower energy intensity, and improved energy efficiency. Therefore, government and energy policymakers should improve energy efficiency, cost, and productiveness. That is, they should change energy compositions and augment energy technology innovation, thus, increasing renewable share to 15% by 2026, reducing wood and charcoal by about 69%, and increasing natural gas to about 776%. Energy policymakers should enhance the installation of smart energy, cloud energy solution, tokenization of energy system and storage.

Small Firms, Institutions and Interactions: Low-Technology Innovations from the Perspective of Critical Realism

Sectors or industries characterized by limited or no use of technology to innovate are called lowtechnology (LT) sectors. They are usually dominated by small firms. Identifying a dearth of academicand practitioner work, this paper helps explain how institutions within a small-firm sector and interactions of these firms with institutions influence the occurrence or non-occurrence of LT innovation. Marble sector firms primarily located in north-west Pakistan have been selected for this purpose. Advocating the need for critical realism that has been an often ignored paradigm in management research, this paper offers a unique perspective on the paradigm's fundamental tenets which are events, objects, mechanisms and causal powers through an extensive and robustqualitative analysis using case study methodology. Findings reveal strong normative and cognitive institutions but weak regulative institutions with varying levels of consistencies or otherwise in terms of small firms' interactions with these institutions. Interestingly, cognitive institutions emerge as the main barrier to LT innovation which is a key contribution of this paper along with a hard tofind critical realist perspective. Keywords: Low-technology innovation, LT innovation, institutions, interactions, critical realism

A retrospective analysis of responsible innovation for low-technology innovation in the Global South

ABSTRACTThe role of low-technology innovation in addressing global challenges is undervalued. Responsible innovation (RI) has the potential to direct low-technology innovation toward global challenges in the Global South, yet this possibility remains largely unexplored. Through a retrospective analysis, this article explores how researchers grapple with dimensions of an RI framework in a research project and highlights key areas for researchers to consider when involved with low-technology innovation in a development context. The analysis demonstrates that RI can structure discussion and create space for anticipation, reflection and engagement with stakeholders. However, even when researchers are committed to the idea of RI, it is difficult to enact in practice. Although RI places significant emphasis on inclusive and meaningful engagement as imagined by co-development and inclusive models of innovation, the deficit model of public engagement presents a formidable barrier. Surprisingly, low-technology innovators are likely to face the same struggles as high technology innovators with regards to engagement that allows end-users to shape the technology which may ultimately benefit them.

Economic and Environmental Assessment of Extra Virgin Olive Oil Processing Innovations

Italian olive-oil industry records a loss in competitiveness in the world market, mainly because of low technological innovation level of companies that prevents them from obtaining high-added value products. In this scenario, a more efficient farming management and the adoption of product and process innovations may help to increase the quality of olive oil production, in order to meet the consumer’s needs and, therefore, moving towards a more competitive market. The present study aims at evaluating, from an economic and environmental point of view, the introduction of a physical co-adjuvant (calcium carbonate) during extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) extraction and its effects on oil yield and quality, and on plant energy consumption. Life Cycle Costing (LCC) and Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) were used respectively for economic and environmental analyses, by implementing a common methodological framework useful to achieve joint results. Preliminary findings showed that the addition of calcium carbonate during the malaxing operation allows reducing the operational time and then the environmental impacts and costs. Further progress of research could explain if there are also significant variations in the oil yield, leading to potential advances in EVOO production.

The Individual’s Influence on Low-Technology Innovation: A Critical Realism Based Case Study on North-West Pakistan’s Marble Sector

While 49 firm-level determinants of low-technology (LT) innovation have been identified through a systematic review of literature, only 9 amongst these are related to the key individual (owner and top manager). The extant literature does not shed much light on the in-depth dynamics behind presence or lack of LT innovation. Therefore, this study offers a much-needed understanding of the influence of small firm owners and managers on LT innovation in north-west Pakistan's marble industry. Advocating the need for critical realism that has been an often-ignored paradigm in management research, this paper offers a unique perspective on the paradigm's fundamental tenets which are “objects” as individuals and their roles, “mechanisms” as ways in which objects influence an event such as occurrence of LT innovation, and “causal powers” as individual-level determinants of LT innovation. A case study approach and mixed methods have been used to investigate two marble sectors. Findings reveal that the more the interests and stakes of owners and managers diverge, the lesser the instance of LT innovation. A role-ordered matrix is presented and explanations of mechanisms and causal powers are offered in terms of individuals' professional and psychological traits and nature of business stake

Gravitational slingshot analogy of discontinuous sustainability innovation in the construction industry

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the roles and dynamics of different institutional actors in the innovation process and to demonstrate how discontinuous sustainability innovation depends on the support of a group of actors wider than the innovating consortium. The paper explores how discontinuous sustainability innovation comes about in the construction industry. More specifically, it focuses on the understudied area of low-technology innovation. Design/methodology/approach – The paper reports the findings of a detailed longitudinal single case study. The case in question is the K3 houses initiative: the Finnish Cultural Foundation’s attempt to point out a low-technology path to energy-efficient detached houses. The empirical data consist of semi-structured interviews and extensive archival data. A visual mapping strategy is used to structure the qualitative case analysis. Findings – The paper reports two main findings. First, environmentally oriented regulation can sometimes hamper sustainability innovation by encouraging a lock-in into a technological trajectory that limits opportunities for discontinuous innovation. Second, an innovation-centric rather than a firm-centric approach to discontinuous innovation can benefit both firms managing and researchers studying innovation. Originality/value – The paper is one of the few discussing the potential of low-technology innovation in construction for sustainable development. The introduction of the concept of change-based momentum adds a novel dynamic element to the inter-organisational models of construction innovation. Its implications for discontinuous innovation are illustrated with a gravitational slingshot analogy.

Performance Benchmarking of 32 nm Predictive Technology Model CMOS with Silicon Nanowire Physic-Based Compact Model of Field-Effect Transistors for Digital Logic Applications

New variation of nanostructures are introduced and developed to sustain Moore's Law as device dimension is scaled drastically. Among those low dimensional technological innovation is silicon (Si) nanowire field-effect transistor (NWFET). The usefulness of Si NWFET is its compatibility with existing complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology that been widely pursued for more than four decades. Device simulation of nanowire is essential to explore physics in depth and to assess, quantify and benchmark the device performance metrics with a nanoscale metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET). SPICE model of Si NWFET is constructed based on the device model proposed by researchers from Purdue University. A semi-empirical solution of the self-consistent is presented so that the device model is made portable and can be simulated in SPICE and other platform. Then, silicon-based digital logic circuit namely inverter, NOR and NAND are simulated and analysed. The circuit performances of nanowire digital gates are then compared against 32 nm MOSFET in terms of energy-delay product, power-delay product, propagation delay and average power dissipation. The results shown that silicon nanowires perform better than 32 nm MOSFET generally due to the high velocity transport of quasi ballistic carriers and superior gate control.

Research on Improving the Technological Innovation Capability of SMEs by University - Industry Collaboration

The innovative resource of SMEs themselves is very limited, resulting in low technological innovation capability. The reasons of low technological innovation capability were analyzed. In addition, the mechanism of improving the technological innovation capability of SMEs by University-Industry collaboration was explored from several following sides: enhancing enterprise learning capacity, speeding up the flow of information, the internalization of external talents, realizing the innovation resource sharing and so on. The conclusion of this paper has great significance to University- Industry Collaboration and enhances their innovation capability.

Learning to innovate in Nigeria's cable and wire manufacturing subsector: inferences from a firm-level case study

Firm performance is known to be connected to firm-level innovation capability. Innovation capability, in turn, is an output of technological learning. This paper evaluates technological learning among firms in the cable and wire manufacturing subsector in Nigeria, using a case firm. We developed a model of the relationship between the innovative activities of the firm – as evidence of its capability – and its knowledge acquisition methodology. These are discussed within the context of the firm's stock of human capital. We found low technological innovation capability and high capability for organisational and marketing innovation. Preparedness for technological learning is relatively poor with a staff training intensity of 5% and an innovation intensity of 0.0075%. We therefore propose stronger interconnectedness between the National Innovation System and the creation of industry-specific structures that could enhance learning.

Determination of the competitiveness linkages through the agricultural associative enterprises: The case of the communities on the Parismina River basin in Costa Rica

This study is a qualitative exploratory analysis of the communities of Turrialba, Siquirres and Guácimo, which border the Parismina River of Costa Rica. The main purpose of this study is to identify the structural weaknesses that are present in the enterprises and the impact of these weaknesses on the capacity for raising the sustainable development competitiveness for the area. The study used semi-structured interviews and focal interviews as instruments of data collection. In addition, the study used the community of Los Santos, located in the Central Valley of Costa Rica, as a reference for comparison. The results indicate weaknesses related to the capacity of organization, financial knowledge, and low technological innovation that demonstrates that the enterprises have a greater direction towards spurious competitiveness.