Low Platelet Levels Research Articles

Safety and Efficacy of 177Lu-PSMA Therapy Following 223Radium Treatment: A Retrospective Multinational Real-World Analysis

Background177Lu PSMA therapy is increasingly used for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) treatment. However, data on its efficacy and safety in patients previously treated with 223Ra remain limited. MethodsThis retrospective, multicenter study evaluated 233 mCRPC patients treated with 177Lu PSMA at five European centers. The cohort included 27 patients previously treated with 223Ra and 206 Radium-naive patients. Statistical analyses, including Chi-squared, Mann-Whitney U tests, and multivariate logistic regression, were used to assess response and mortality. Predictors of response and mortality were identified using multivariate models. ResultsPatients who experienced a longer interval between castration resistance and the initiation of 177Lu PSMA therapy demonstrated better responses (median 17 months in responders vs. 8.5 months in progressors, p=0.001). Platelet counts were significantly lower in the progressive group compared to the responsive group (p=0.01). Multivariate regression confirmed lower platelet levels as a predictor of poor response (p=0.029). The overall response rate to 177Lu PSMA was 54%, similar between the 223Ra-pretreated and Radium-naive groups. However, mortality was significantly higher in the 223Ra-pretreated group (86%) compared to the Radium-naive group (51%, p=0.003). ECOG performance status (p=0.004) and ALP levels (p=0.030) were significant predictors of mortality, while CRP showed a trend towards significance (p=0.064). Tolerability of 177Lu PSMA was comparable to the safety profile reported in the literature, with 44% of 223Ra-pretreated patients experiencing AEs and 22% experiencing severe AEs (Grade ≥3). Conclusions177Lu PSMA therapy is effective and well-tolerated in mCRPC patients pretreated with 223Ra. However, higher mortality was observed in the 223Ra-pretreated group. ECOG PS, ALP, and platelet counts were significant predictors of response and mortality, and a longer interval between therapies was associated with better outcomes. These findings underscore the importance of treatment sequencing and monitoring prognostic markers. Micro-abstractEven in a real-world setting, 177Lu PSMA remains an effective treatment for mCRPC, achieving response rates up to 54% even in patients previously treated with 223Ra. Our findings indicate that 177Lu PSMA is well-tolerated after 223Ra, with no significant increase in adverse events. However, higher mortality rates were observed in the 223Ra cohort, suggesting a potentially poorer prognosis for patients who received 223Ra as an initial treatment.

Prognostic Implications of Changes in Platelet Trajectories in Patients With Sepsis: A Retrospective Analysis Using the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care-IV Database.

Patients with sepsis often experience reductions or increases in platelet counts, but the implications of these temporal patterns on prognosis remain unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of changes in platelet trajectories on the clinical prognosis of sepsis. This study was a retrospective analysis using data from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC)-IV database. Patients with sepsis were identified from the database, and their platelet trajectories were categorized into four distinct models based on the changes in platelet counts over a period of 14 days post-diagnosis of sepsis. The effect of these trajectories on patient prognosis was subsequently evaluated. A total of 15,250 patients with sepsis were included to construct a model, and the following four distinct platelet count trajectories were identified: normal platelet levels (phenotype 1); persistently low platelet levels (phenotype 2); gradually increasing platelet levels exceeding the normal range (phenotype 3); and consistently significantly elevated platelet levels (phenotype 4). Statistically significant differences were found in the 28-day mortality, in-hospital mortality, and 90-day mortality among the four phenotypes. Multivariate regression analysis showed that compared to the group with normal platelet levels (phenotype 1), the group with persistently low platelet levels (phenotype 2) had higher in-hospital mortality (odds ratio [OR] = 1.34, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.16-1.54), 28-day mortality (OR = 1.69, 95% CI: 1.47-1.94), and 90-day mortality (OR = 1.50, 95% CI: 1.32-1.69). There was no difference in in-hospital mortality between phenotypes 3 and 4 compared to phenotype 1, although phenotype 4 showed an increase in 28-day mortality (p < 0.05), and phenotype 3 showed a decreasing trend in 90-day mortality (p < 0.05). The results of inverse probability weighting adjusted by regression were basically consistent with the above findings, except that there was no statistical difference in 28-day mortality between phenotype 4 and phenotype 1. In the subgroups based on age, weight, and antiplatelet drugs or therapies, there was an interaction between platelet levels and these factors. In patients with sepsis, a decrease in platelet count is associated with increased mortality, while a moderate increase in platelet count can reduce 90-day mortality. However, for patients with persistently elevated platelet counts, caution is advised when using antiplatelet drugs or therapies, as it may increase mortality.

Baseline Platelet Count Predicts Infarct Size and Mortality after Acute Myocardial Infarction.

Platelets greatly contribute to cardiovascular diseases. We sought to explore the association of platelet counts with infarct size and outcome in patients presenting with acute ST-segment elevation MI (STEMI) treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI). In this retrospective study, we grouped 1,198 STEMI patients into tertiles (T) based on platelet count on admission: T1 = 102-206 [109 platelets/L] (n = 402), T2 = 207-259 [109 platelets/L] (n = 396), and T3 = 260-921 [109 platelets/L] (n = 400). Primary endpoint was 1-year all-cause mortality. Patients with highest platelet counts on admission showed the greatest area at risk and infarct size: area at risk (median) was 22.0% (interquartile range [IQR]: 12.0-39.8%) in T1, 21.0% (IQR: 11.0-37.1%) in T2, and 26.0% (IQR: 14.9-45.0%) of the left ventricle in T3 (p = 0.003); final infarct sizes after 7 to 14 days were as follows: 10.0% (IQR: 2.0-21.0%) in T1, 9.0% (IQR: 2.0-20.7%) in T2, and 12.0% (IQR: 3.0-27.3%) of the left ventricle in T3 (p = 0.015) as serial imaging revealed. At 1 year, 16 all-cause deaths occurred in T1, 5 in T2, and 22 in T3 (log-rank test, p = 0.006). After adjustment, T1 and T3 were associated with all-cause 1-year mortality (T1: hazard ratio [HR] = 3.40, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.23-9.54, p = 0.02; T3: HR = 3.55, 95% CI = 1.23-9.78, p = 0.01) compared with T2. At 5 years, all-cause mortality remained numerically higher in the T1 and T3. In patients with STEMI undergoing PPCI, low and high blood platelet levels on admission were associated with increased long-term mortality (Fig. 1).

Predicting Regression of Barrett's Esophagus-Can All the King's Men Put It Together Again?

The primary pre-neoplastic lesion of the lower esophagus in the vicinity of the gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) is any Barrett's esophageal lesions (BE), and esophageal neoplasia has increased in the US population with predispositions (Caucasian males, truncal obesity, age, and GERD). The responses to BE are endoscopic and screening cytologic programs with endoscopic ablation of various forms. The former have not been proven to be cost-effective and there are mixed results for eradication. A fresh approach is sorely needed. We prospectively followed 2229 mostly male veterans at high risk for colorectal cancer in a 27-year longitudinal long-term study, collecting data on colorectal neoplasia development and other preneoplastic lesions, including BE and spontaneous regression (SR). Another cross-sectional BE study at a similar time period investigated antigenic changes at the GEJ in both BE glandular and squamous mucosa immunohistochemistry and the role of inflammation. Ten of the prospective cohort (21.7%) experienced SR out of a total of forty-six BE patients. Significant differences between SR and stable BE were younger age (p < 0.007); lower platelet levels (p < 0.02); rectal p87 elevation in SR (p < 0.049); a reduced innate immune system (InImS) FEREFF ratio (ferritin: p87 colonic washings) (p < 0.04). Ancillary testing showed a broad range of neoplasia biomarkers. InImS markers may be susceptible to intervention using commonplace and safe medical interventions and encourage SR.

The relationship between inflammatory markers and retinopathy of prematurity in extremely premature infants.

This study aimed to evaluate the relationships among blood parameters, clinical factors, and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in extremely premature (EP) infants. This retrospective study included 153 EP infants who were categorized into two groups based on the presence of inflammatory diseases such as necrotizing enterocolitis, neonatal sepsis, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, severe intraventricular hemorrhage, preeclampsia, and premature rupture of membranes. Complete blood count parameters, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), lymphocyte-monocyte ratio, platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), systemic inflammatory index, and platelet mass index were recorded during the first week and first month after birth. The study analyzed the impact of parameters obtained through blood tests during the first week and first month on the development of ROP and the requirement for treatment. In this study, 96 infants were diagnosed with inflammatory diseases. After multivariate regression analyses, the duration of mechanical ventilation (p = 0.010) was found to be the only factor that led to ROP development. Moreover, lower gestational age (GA) (p = 0.006), higher NLR (p = 0.026), and lower PLR (p = 0.019) were observed in infants requiring treatment compared to infants with spontaneous resolution of ROP in this group. 57 infants did not have inflammatory diseases. Although the duration of mechanical ventilation (p = 0.041) and low levels of platelets (PLT) (p = 0.046) measured in the first month postnatally were significantly found to be associated with ROP developement, no parameter affecting the required treatment could be determined. EP infants with longer mechanical ventilation durations and lower PLT counts are vulnerable to ROP development. GA, PLR, and NLR are predictive factors for treatment.

Predicting Prenatal Depression and Assessing Model Bias Using Machine Learning Models

BackgroundPerinatal depression is one of the most common medical complications during pregnancy and postpartum period, affecting 10% to 20% of pregnant individuals, with higher rates among Black and Latina women who are also less likely to be diagnosed and treated. Machine learning (ML) models based on electronic medical records (EMRs) have effectively predicted postpartum depression in middle-class White women but have rarely included sufficient proportions of racial/ethnic minorities, which has contributed to biases in ML models. Our goal is to determine whether ML models could predict depression in early pregnancy in racial/ethnic minority women by leveraging EMR data. MethodsWe extracted EMRs from a large U.S. urban hospital serving mostly low-income Black and Hispanic women (n = 5875). Depressive symptom severity was assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 self-report questionnaire. We investigated multiple ML classifiers using Shapley additive explanations for model interpretation and determined prediction bias with 4 metrics: disparate impact, equal opportunity difference, and equalized odds (standard deviations of true positives and false positives). ResultsAlthough the best-performing ML model's (elastic net) performance was low (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.61), we identified known perinatal depression risk factors such as unplanned pregnancy and being single and underexplored factors such as self-reported pain, lower prenatal vitamin intake, asthma, carrying a male fetus, and lower platelet levels. Despite the sample comprising mostly low-income minority women (54% Black, 27% Latina), the model performed worse for these communities (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve: 57% Black, 59% Latina women vs. 64% White women). ConclusionsEMR-based ML models could moderately predict early pregnancy depression but exhibited biased performance against low-income minority women.

Novel prognostic scoring systems for severe CRS and ICANS after anti-CD19 CAR T cells in large B-cell lymphoma

Autologous anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells are now used in routine practice for relapsed/refractory (R/R) large B-cell lymphoma (LBCL). Severe (grade ≥ 3) cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity (ICANS) are still the most concerning acute toxicities leading to frequent intensive care unit (ICU) admission, prolonging hospitalization, and adding significant cost to treatment. We report on the incidence of CRS and ICANS and the outcomes in a large cohort of 925 patients with LBCL treated with axicabtagene ciloleucel (axi-cel) or tisagenlecleucel (tisa-cel) in France based on patient data captured through the DESCAR-T registry. CRS of any grade occurred in 778 patients (84.1%), with 74 patients (8.0%) with grade 3 CRS or higher, while ICANS of any grade occurred in 375 patients (40.5%), with 112 patients (12.1%) with grade ≥ 3 ICANS. Based on the parameters selected by multivariable analyses, two independent prognostic scoring systems (PSS) were derived, one for grade ≥ 3 CRS and one for grade ≥ 3 ICANS. CRS-PSS included bulky disease, a platelet count < 150 G/L, a C-reactive protein (CRP) level > 30 mg/L and no bridging therapy or stable or progressive disease (SD/PD) after bridging. Patients with a CRS-PSS score > 2 had significantly higher risk to develop grade ≥ 3 CRS. ICANS-PSS included female sex, low level of platelets (< 150 G/L), use of axi-cel and no bridging therapy or SD/PD after bridging. Patients with a CRS-PSS score > 2 had significantly higher risk to develop grade ≥ 3 ICANS. Both scores were externally validated in international cohorts of patients treated with tisa-cel or axi-cel.

Association between ACE (rs4343 and rs1799752), AGTR1 (rs5186), and PAI-1 (rs2227631) polymorphisms in the host and the severity of Covid-19 infection

Objective It is necessary to identify appropriate clinical, biochemical, epidemiological and genetic biomarkers to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) disease. The study focused on not only the link between disease severity (non-intense unit care (non-ICU) versus intensive unit care (ICU) and genetic susceptibility in COVID-19 patients but also the connection between comorbidity and genetic susceptibility affecting the severity of COVID-19. Subject and methods One hundred and sixty-two COVID-19 patients treated in the non-ICU and ICU in Kayseri City Hospital were included. All volunteers underwent a physical examination and biochemical evaluation. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE p.T776T G > A(rs4343) and g.16471_16472delinsALU (also referred to as I/D polymorphism; rs1799752), angiotensin II receptor type-1 (AGTR1) c.*86A > C (also referred to as A1166C; rs5186), and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1-844 G > A (rs2227631) polymorphisms were analysed as well. Results To have ACE “ID” genotype did not change the severity of the disease (OR: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.41–2.1, p = 0.84), but decreased the mortality risk 2.9-fold (OR: 2.9, 95% CI: 1.1–7.0, p = 0.03). In PAI-1-844 G > A, having the “AA” genotype in the “A” recessive model increased the risk of the diabetes mellitus (DM) 2.3-fold (OR: 2.3 95%, CI: 1.16–4.66, p = 0.018). In the “G” recessive model, to have the GG genotype increased the risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) 4.8-fold (OR:4.8, 95% CI: 1.5–15.5, p = 0.008). “GG” genotype in the DM group had a higher fibrinogen level compared to those with the “AG” genotype (AG:4847.2 mg/L (1704.3) versus GG:6444.67 mg/L (1861.62) p = 0.019) and “AA” genotype in the CKD group had lower platelet levels and those with “GG” had higher platelet levels (AA:149 µL (18–159) versus GG: 228 µL (146–357) p = 0.022). Conclusion This study was shown that genetic predispositions that causes comorbidities were also likely to affect the prognosis of COVID-19.

The prognostic value of postoperative platelet levels in elderly patients after valve replacement surgery: a retrospective cohort study

BackgroundFurther research is needed to assess the risk and prognosis after valve replacement surgery in elderly patients. This study aims to assess the prognostic value of platelet levels following valve replacement in elderly patients.MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted on 3814 elderly individuals who underwent valve replacement surgery, categorized into quartiles based on postoperative platelet levels. Univariate and multiple regression analysis were used to assess the risk factors associated with postoperative platelet levels and in-hospital death.The Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve was utilized to establish the postoperative platelet level threshold indicative of in-hospital mortality risk, while the Kaplan-Meier curve compared the one-year postoperative survival among patients with differing postoperative platelet levels.ResultsThe low postoperative platelet levels group had a higher incidence of massive bleeding (> 400 ml), necessitating platelet transfusion and prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass during surgery (P < 0.001). However, postoperative occurrences of heart failure and stroke did not achieve statistical significance (P > 0.05). Multivariate regression analysis disclosed an association between postoperative platelet levels and in-hospital death (OR: 2.040, 95% CI: 1.372–3.034, P < 0.001). Over the one-year follow-up, patients with low platelet levels postoperatively had poorer overall survival than patients with higher platelet levels (P < 0.001)ConclusionPostoperative platelets can serve as a prognostic indicator after valve surgery in elderly patients as a simple and easily available biochemical indicator. Enhanced monitoring and management postoperative platelet level in the elderly may be beneficial to improve the survival outcome of patients

Ayurveda’s Role in Managing ITP: A Case Study

ITP (Immune thrombocytopenic purpura) is an autoimmune disorder where the immune system mistakenly attacks the platelets leading to the low platelet levels. ITP may occur in the absence of a predisposing cause (primary ITP) or due to a growing list of associated conditions (secondary ITP), and must be differentiated from other causes of thrombocytopenia. ITP can be acute and chronic. It can cause purple bruises and tiny purple red dots on the skin that looks like a rash. Modern medicine has no effective treatment for ITP. A 26 year old female patient presented with the complaints of bruises, nose bleeding, heavy menstruation, pain in left leg and irritability. The clinical findings and symptoms of the patient pointed to ITP. It is associated with Tiryagata Raktapitta in Ayurvedic diagnosis. The patient was given Platoplan along with Kumar Kalyan Ras, Swarn Vasant Malti Ras, Pitta Balance. After a month, the patient reported relief in some of the symptoms. Platelet count increased from 41,000 to 1,89,000. After completing the medications the most common problem of low platelets reduced.

Continuous renal replacement therapy with vitamin E-coated polysulfone hemofilter reduces inflammatory responses in a porcine lipopolysaccharide-treated model.

Biological invasions may promote the onset of systemic inflammatory response syndrome in patients eligible for continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT), leading to poor prognosis. Hence, we aimed to examine the inflammatory reactions in circulation using vitamin E-coated polysulfone hollow fiber membrane (ViLIFE). Lipopolysaccharides were intravenously administered to pigs (2 μg/kg/30 min) to establish an acute inflammation model. Extracorporeal circulation was performed for 6 h in continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration mode using a hemofilter for CRRT filled with a polysulfone hollow fiber membrane or ViLIFE, and the differences in inflammatory reactions were evaluated. The ViLIFE group exhibited low platelet and cytokine levels (p < 0.05 vs. sham-CRRT group). Additionally, the ViLIFE group had lower lactate and high mobility group box 1 levels than the other groups. ViLIFE represents a promising CRRT modality that can inhibit the inflammatory response in circulation and inhibit further biological invasions.

Analysis of Risk Factors for Pulmonary Infection in Patients with Acute Leukemia after Chemotherapy

To investigate the risk factors of pulmonary infection in patients with acute leukemia (AL) after chemotherapy. A total of 294 patients with AL were collected and divided into infection group (n=93) and control group (n=201) according to whether the pulmonary infection occurred after chemotherapy. Analyze the correlation between sociodemographic data (sex, age, BMI), clinical data (disease type, ECOG score, invasive procedure, underlying disease, hormone therapy, empirical use of antibiotics, prognosis stratification, chemotherapy intensity, primitive cell count, white blood cell count, neutrophil count, duration of granulocyte deficiency, platelet count, hemoglobin, and albumin and pulmonary infection after chemotherapy. COX regression method was used to analyze the risk factors of pulmonary infection in AL patients after chemotherapy. Among 294 patients with AL, 11 died within 30 days after pulmonary infection. There were statistically significant differences in age, smoking history, ECOG score, invasive procedure, hormone therapy, empirical use of antibiotics, prognosis stratification, chemotherapy intensity, primitive cell count, neutrophil count, duration of granulocyte deficiency, platelet count, hemoglobin, albumin and fasting blood glucose between the 2 groups (P <0.05). COX regression analysis showed that smoking history, invasive procedure, unexperienced use of antibiotics, poor prognosis, long duration of granulocytopenia, low platelet level and low albumin were high risk factors for pulmonary infection in AL patients after chemotherapy (P <0.05). Smoking, invasive procedures, unexperienced use of antibiotics, poor prognosis, long duration of granulodeficiency, low platelet levels and low albumin are risk factors for pulmonary infection in AL patients after chemotherapy.

Analysis of retinal and choroidal microvascular changes using optical coherence tomography and optical coherence tomography angiography in patients with acute leukemia.

Although leukemic retinopathy accounts for 80% of ocular complications in acute leukemia, its pathogenesis remains unclear. To evaluate changes in retinal and choroicapillaris and structural parameters in patients with acute leukemia, we analyzed the correlation between vascular perfusion metrics and laboratory parameters and assessed the changes after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Herein, 104 eyes of 52 patients aged 18 and above with acute leukemia were enrolled. 80 eyes of 40 healthy patients were recruited as control participants. All participants underwent optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA) at baseline. Patients with acute leukemia had a significantly thicker ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) and lower circularity index than the control participants. Post-HSCT perfusion metrics did not differ significantly, but parafoveal thickness decreased significantly. During the active phase of acute leukemia, lower platelet levels were associated with significant GCIPL thickening and increased foveal avascular zone and perimeter. D-dimer levels positively correlated with GCIPL thickness. Patients with acute leukemia had subclinical retinal microvascular deficits on OCTA and GCIPL thickening on OCT, possibly associated with bone marrow function. GCIPL thickness may indicate acute ischemia in such patients. Further studies must elucidate their clinical and prognostic significance.

Eltrombopag can promote platelet implantation after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation as safely and similarly to thrombopoietin.

Eltrombopag has demonstrated efficacy in treating low platelet (PLT) levels, but it remains unclear whether eltrombopag can promote PLT engraftment after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Forty-one HSCT patients received eltrombopag 50 mg/d from +1 day until PLT >50 × 109/L or 1 month after HSCT. Fifty-one patients in the same period received thrombopoietin (TPO) to promote PLT graft after HSCT and served as a control group. A total of 51 patients who applied TPO during the same period were treated as a control. In the eltrombopag group, the median time to white blood cells (WBC) graft was 12 days (range, 10-17 days) and the PLT graft was 15 days (range, 10-30 days), whereas for the patients in the TPO group, the median time to WBC and PLT graft was 12 days (range, 9-23 days) and 15.5 days (range, 9-41 days), respectively. In the first month after HSCT, the median WBC count in the eltrombopag group was 4.41 × 109/L (range, 0.87-40.01 × 109/L) and the median PLT was 89x109/L (range, 30-401 × 109/L); the median WBC and PLT \counts in the TPO group were 4.65 × 109/L (range, 0.99-23.63 × 109/L) and 86 × 109/L (range, 5-512 × 109/L), respectively. Patients in the TPO or eltrombopag group did not experience serious side effects after drug administration, and the difference in side effects on liver and kidney function between the two groups was not statistically significant. Eltrombopag is safe and similarly promotes platelet engraftment to thrombopoietin after allogeneic HSCT.

Effect of Recombinant Human Thrombopoietin on Platelet Reconstitution after Autologous Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation in Patients with Multiple Myeloma

To analyze the effect of recombinant human thrombopoietin (rhTPO) on platelet (PLT) reconstitution after autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (APBSCT) in patients with multiple myeloma (MM). The clinical data of 147 MM patients who were diagnosed in the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University and received APBSCT as the first-line therapy were retrospectively analyzed. According to whether rhTPO was used during APBSCT, the patients were divided into rhTPO group (80 cases) and control group (67 cases). The time of PLT engraftment, blood product infusion requirements, the proportion of patients with PLT recovery to≥50×109/L and≥100×109/L at +14 days and +100 days after transplantation, and adverse reactions including the incidence of bleeding were compared between the two groups. There were no significant differences between the two groups in sex, age, M protein type, PLT count at the initial diagnosis, median duration of induction therapy before APBSCT, and number of CD34+ cells reinfused (all P >0.05). The median time of PLT engraftment in the rhTPO group was 10 (6-14) days, which was shorter than 11 (8-23) days in the control group (P < 0.001). The median PLT transfusion requirement in the rhTPO group during APBSCT was 15(0-50)U, which was less than 20 (0-80)U in the control group (P =0.001). At +14 days after transplantation, the proportions of patients with PLT≥50×109/L in the rhTPO group and the control group were 66.3% and 52.2%, while the proportions of patients with PLT≥100×109/L were 23.8% and 11.9%, respectively, with no significant differences (all P >0.05). At +100 days after transplantation, the proportion of patients with PLT≥50×109/L in rhTPO group and control group was 96.3% and 89.6%, respectively (P >0.05), but the proportion of patients with PLT≥100×109/L in rhTPO group was higher than that in control group (75.0% vs 55.2%, P =0.012). There was no difference in the overall incidence of bleeding events in different locations during period of low PLT level of patients between the two groups. In rhTPO group, the rhTPO administration was well tolerated, and the incidences of abnormal liver and kidney function and infection were similar to those in the control group. When MM patients undergo first-line APBSCT, subcutaneous injection of rhTPO can shorten the time of platelet engraftment, reduce the transfusion volume of blood products, and be well tolerated, moreover, more patients have achieve a high level of PLT recovery after transplantation, which is very important for ensuring the safety of APBSCT and maintenance therapy.

A Systematic Review of NT-proBNP as Prognostic Biomarker for Preeclampsia Complications

Background: Preeclampsia can lead to maternal and fetal complications due to its ability to cause multiple organ disorders. Interestingly, N-terminal pro-brain-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels were higher in preeclampsia than in non-preeclampsia, representing cardiovascular mal¬function as the potential cause. Moreover, NT-proBNP also has a potential role in predicting complications that will arise in preeclampsia. This systematic review was performed to determine the role of NT-proBNP plasma levels in predicting maternal and fetal complications in preeclampsia.Subjects and Method: This systematic review was conducted based on PRISMA-P by previous observational study from scientific databases, namely Hinari, Cochrane Library, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and grey literature in OCLC’s OAISTER between 2006 and 2021. The search keyword used were ((NTproBNP) OR (NT-proBNP) OR (N-terminal pro-BNP) OR (N-terminal pro-Brain Natriuretic Peptide)) AND ((preeclampsia) OR (pre-eclampsia)) AND (pregnancy complications). Newcastle - Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale (NOS) was used to assess quality of included studies.Results: After study selection, five studies from 156 studies were considered eligible and selected in this systematic review. The results showed that pre-eclampsia complications occurred with NT-proBNP levels above 500 mg/dL, which cardiovascular complications may occurred above 700 mg/dL. NT-proBNP levels were higher in women with maternal complications such as placental abruption, HELLP (Hemolysis, elevated liver enzyme levels, and low platelet levels) syndrome, eclampsia, pulmonary oedema, congestive heart failure, cerebrovascular accident, renal dysfunction, and hypertensive retinopathy. Furthermore, increased NT-proBNP levels were associated with fetal growth restriction, resulting in low birth weight. NT-proBNP was significantly higher in pregnant women due to a combination of pre-existing volume overload and NT-proBNP clearance dysfunction in kidney. Conclusion: NT-proBNP levels were associated with adverse outcomes in preeclampsia. NT-proBNP serum levels could be used to predict maternal-fetal complications in preeclampsia. Keywords: preeclampsia, fetal, maternal, complications, NT-proBNP Correspondence: Aiman Hilmi Asaduddin. Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. E-mail: aimanhilmi02@student.uns.ac.id. Phone number: +62 85726562060.

(239) Postoperative Outcomes and Risk Factors in Patients Receiving Partial vs Total Penectomy for Penile Malignancy

Abstract Introduction Partial penectomies (PP) and total penectomies (TP) are both performed for penile cancer in the United States. Compared to TP, PP is performed more frequently to preserve functional urinary outcomes. To date TP and PP outcomes have not been compared, in this study we compared clinical characteristics and post-operative outcomes between TP and PP conducted between 2006–2016. Objective We conducted a retrospective review of penile cancer patients from National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database for the years 2010–2016 using international classification of diseases clinical modification (ICD-CM) ninth revision codes. A total of 260 patients, 67 TP and 193 PP patients, were included. Methods We conducted a retrospective review of penile cancer patients from National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database for the years 2010–2016 using international classification of diseases clinical modification (ICD-CM) ninth revision codes. A total of 260 patients, 67 TP and 193 PP patients, were included. Results Partial penectomy patients were less likely to be transferred patients (7.3% vs 20.9%, p=0.002), less likely to be suffering from diabetes (25.9% vs 40.3%, p=0.026), and were more likely to have preoperative laboratory values within normal limits. TP was associated with increased preoperative white blood cell count x109, preoperative white blood cell count &amp;gt; 7.5x109 (p&amp;lt;0.001), preoperative hematocrit (p&amp;lt;0.001). PP patients were, in contrast, shown to have higher pre-operative creatinine levels (p=.037) and lower platelet levels than TP patients (p=.045). PP patients had shorter operation times (78.8 vs 145.5 min, p&amp;lt;0.001). PP patients also had decreased levels of inpatient stay length (1.67 vs 4.31, p&amp;lt;0.001), any 30-day post-surgery complication (7% vs 31%, p&amp;lt;0.001), deep incisional surgical site infection (0.5% vs 6% p=0.017), wound disruption (0.5% vs 6.0%p=0.017), intraoperative or postoperative transfusion (1.6% vs 7.5%, p=0.029), and sepsis (0.5% vs 7.5%, p=0.005), when compared to patients who underwent TP. TP patients displayed a significantly greater number of concurrent surgical procedures (p&amp;lt;0.001), when compared to PP patients. There was no information on urinary, sexual, and erectile outcomes in the database. Conclusions PP is associated with fewer post-operative complications, shorter surgeries, shorter hospital stays, and fewer concurrent surgical procedures. Total penectomy is associated with a greater proportion of patients suffering from comorbid conditions, suggesting that TP patients are at higher risk for post-surgical complications and longer hospital stays. There is a gap in reported data pertaining to post-operative sexual function and erectile outcomes for PP at a national level. Disclosure No.

(020) Comparing Postoperative Outcomes and Risk Factors for Patients Undergoing Partial vs Total Penectomy for Penile Carcinoma

Abstract Introduction The American Cancer Society estimates that 2,200 men develop penile cancer annually and 440 men will die from the disease. Partial penectomies (PP) and total penectomies (TP) are both performed for penile cancer in the United States. Compared to TP, PP is performed more frequently to preserve functional urinary outcomes. Objective To date TP and PP outcomes have not been compared, in this study we compared clinical characteristics and post-operative outcomes between TP and PP conducted between 2006-2016. Methods We conducted a retrospective review of penile cancer patients from National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database for the years 2010-2016 using international classification of diseases clinical modification (ICD-CM) ninth revision codes. A total of 260 patients, 67 TP and 193 PP patients, were included. Results Partial penectomy patients were less likely to be transferred patients (7.3% vs 20.9%, p=0.002), less likely to be suffering from diabetes (25.9% vs 40.3%, p=0.026), and were more likely to have preoperative laboratory values within normal limits. TP was associated with increased preoperative white blood cell count x109, preoperative white blood cell count &amp;gt; 7.5x109 (p&amp;lt;0.001), preoperative hematocrit (p&amp;lt;0.001). PP patients were, in contrast, shown to have higher pre-operative creatinine levels (p=.037) and lower platelet levels than TP patients (p=.045). PP patients had shorter operation times (78.8 vs 145.5 min, p&amp;lt;0.001). PP patients also had decreased levels of inpatient stay length (1.67 vs 4.31, p&amp;lt;0.001), any 30-day post-surgery complication (7% vs 31%, p&amp;lt;0.001), deep incisional surgical site infection (0.5% vs 6% p=0.017), wound disruption (0.5% vs 6.0%p=0.017), intraoperative or postoperative transfusion (1.6% vs 7.5%, p=0.029), and sepsis (0.5% vs 7.5%, p=0.005), when compared to patients who underwent TP. TP patients displayed a significantly greater number of concurrent surgical procedures (p&amp;lt;0.001), when compared to PP patients. There was no information on urinary, sexual, and erectile outcomes in the database. Conclusions PP is associated with fewer post-operative complications, shorter surgeries, shorter hospital stays, and fewer concurrent surgical procedures. Total penectomy is associated with a greater proportion of patients suffering from comorbid conditions, suggesting that TP patients are at higher risk for post-surgical complications and longer hospital stays. There is a gap in reported data pertaining to post-operative sexual function and erectile outcomes for PP at a national level. Disclosure No.

An Evaluation of Hemostatic Dysregulation in Canine Multicentric Lymphoma

Multiple hemostatic abnormalities are associated with paraneoplastic syndrome and some malignant tumors. Lymphoma is the most common hematopoietic neoplasm in dogs, sometimes associated with hemostatic changes. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the behavior of coagulation parameters in dogs with multicentric lymphoma compared with diseased dogs without lymphoma, to separately evaluate the effect of immunophenotype (B lymphoma versus T lymphoma) on the variables of interest as well as the effect of disease stage (stage II to IV versus stage V). Specifically, a cross-sectional study was performed with a matched comparison group considering 170 dogs with B or T lymphoma (group 1) and 170 dogs with no lymphoma or other neoplastic processes but other diseases (group 0). Eight coagulation parameters were evaluated: platelet count (Plt), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), prothrombin time (PT), thrombin time (TT), fibrinogen, fibrin/products of fibrinogen degradation (FDPs), fibrin D-dimers, and antithrombin (AT). Dogs with lymphoma showed prolonged PT and TT, decreased fibrinogen, increased FDP, and decreased Plt compared with group 0. The effect of disease stage was evaluated separately for dogs with stage II to IV lymphoma and dogs with stage V lymphoma; patients with stage II–IV lymphoma showed no significant differences, while in dogs with stage V lymphoma, a prolongation of PT and TT, a decrease in fibrinogen, an increase in FDPs and a decrease in Plt were found compared with the group 0. Finally, the comparison between B lymphoma and T lymphoma showed no significant differences in coagulation parameters between the two groups. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that low fibrinogen and platelet levels were the most significant predictors of lymphoma in a cohort of canine patients. These hemostatic abnormalities in lymphoma appeared to be associated with the stage of the disease rather than the lymphoma immunophenotype. These findings pave the way for the possible scenario of lymphoma-associated fibrinolysis and the so far undescribed pattern of hyperfibrinolysis associated with the most severe stage of lymphoma.

Levels of peripheral blood routine, biochemical and coagulation parameters in patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and their relationship with prognosis: an observational cohort study

BackgroundHantaan virus (HTNV), Seoul virus (SEOV) and Puumala virus (PUUV) are major serotypes of the Hantavirus, which can cause hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS). The pathophysiology of HFRS in humans is complex and the determinants associated with mortality, especially the coagulation and fibrinolysis disorders, are still not been fully elucidated. Severe patients usually manifest multiple complications except for acute kidney injury (AKI). The aim of this study was to observe the levels of peripheral blood routine, biochemical and coagulation parameters during the early stage, so as to find independent risk factors closely related to the prognosis, which may provide theoretical basis for targeted treatment and evaluation.MethodsA total of 395 HFRS patients from December 2015 to December 2018 were retrospectively enrolled. According to prognosis, they were divided into a survival group (n = 368) and a death group (n = 27). The peripheral blood routine, biochemical and coagulation parameters were compared between the two groups on admission. The relationship between the parameters mentioned above and prognosis was analyzed, and the dynamic changes of the coagulation and fibrinolysis parameters during the first week after admission were further observed.ResultsIn addition to AKI, liver injury was also common among the enrolled patients. Patients in the death group manifested higher levels of white blood cell counts (WBC) on admission. 27.30% (107/392) of the patients enrolled presented with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) on admission and DIC is more common in the death group; The death patients manifested longer prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), higher D-dimer and fibrinogen degradation product (FDP), and lower levels of platelets (PLT) and fibrinogen (Fib) compared with those of the survival patients. The proportion of D-dimer and FDP abnormalities are higher than PT, APTT and Fib. Prolonged PT, low level of Fib and elevated total bilirubin (TBIL) on admission were considered as independent risk factors for prognosis (death).ConclusionsDetection of PT, Fib and TBIL on admission is necessary, which might be benefit to early predicting prognosis. It is also important to pay attention to the dynamic coagulation disorders and hyperfibrinolysis during the early stage in the severe HFRS patients.