Low Levels Of Participation Research Articles

The effect of the interaction between intrinsic capacity and social support on the trajectories of activities of daily living in older adults

ObjectivesThis study explored the effect of the interaction between intrinsic capacity and social support on the activities of daily living in the older adults. MethodsA total of 3,124 older adults participated in the study. Data on the assessment of intrinsic capacity as well as activities of daily living (ADL) and social support were collected. The latent growth curve model (LGCM) was used to examine the effect of the interaction between social support and intrinsic capacity on the activities of daily living in the older adults. ResultsA total of 3,730 older adults were included at baseline, and 3,124 older adults completed the 4-year follow-up. The ADL score of the older adults showed a significant downward trend with time over 4 years (β=-0.115, P<0.05). In the elderly population with high intrinsic capacity, the ADL of individuals with low levels of social participation decreased significantly over time (β=-0.114, P=0.012). In the elderly group with low intrinsic capacity, the ADL of individuals with low levels of social participation (β=-0.245, P=0.005) and high levels of life care (β=-0.167, P=0.001) decreased significantly over time. ConclusionThis is the first longitudinal study to explore the effects of interactions among intrinsic capacity, social participation and family support on the trajectory of ADL in the older adults from the perspective of the life course. Social participation can effectively improve functional ability of older adults with low intrinsic capacity. Life care is beneficial for maintaining the functional ability of older adults with intact intrinsic capacity, but it accelerates the deterioration of the functional ability of older adults with low intrinsic capacity.

Where is democracy nestled? Reflections on organizational degeneration based on an artists’ cooperative

PurposeThis article presents a compelling case study of a workers’ cooperative in the cultural sector. It offers a unique opportunity to delve into the tensions between managerial and democratic control, particularly in the context of heightened artistic claims. The pivotal role of an accountant in management for nearly two decades sparks a thought-provoking question about the potential for cooperative degeneration.Design/methodology/approachOur research employs a rigorous qualitative method, utilizing semi-structured interviews of six key members and a comprehensive analysis of legal, accounting and other media documents.FindingsOur findings offer a significant perspective, refuting any indications of organizational degeneration. The decision-making processes continue to uphold democratic principles. While the manager and his administrative staff wield substantial authority, this is justified by their duty to preserve the collective. This duty is executed under democratic control, facilitated by information transparency. The low level of democratic participation poses a challenge, but the manager’s initiatives are aimed at addressing this. The effectiveness of this control, however, relies on the active participation of the members, which acts as a strong deterrent against organizational degeneration.Originality/valueThe originality of our contribution lies in our reference to Chester Barnard whose reflections on industrial democracy have been forgotten, reflections linked to his conception of managerial authority. We also highlight the importance of empowering individual members, which leads them to consider the consequences of their actions. As a result, the manager is not placed in a situation where he has to decide alone, as the scope of his unilateral powers is de facto delimited.

&lt;b&gt;Students’ Silence – Redefining What It Means to Participate in EFL Classrooms&lt;/b&gt;

Educators place a high value on the interaction between students and teachers. The amount of verbal interaction in the classroom is often highly valued, while silence is viewed as evidence of inactivity. In spite of the growing attention given to silence in the classroom by educators and scholars, little research has been conducted on how Vietnamese students respond to silence. This study surveyed 132 engineering students at Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology to explore the reasons behind low levels of oral participation. Additionally, semi-structured interviews were conducted to gain an understanding of students' towards classroom silence and suggest several implications for improving students’ participation. Preliminary findings suggest that students commonly use silence to gain more thinking time and avoid embarrassment. These insights could inform strategies to enhance student engagement and learning outcomes.

Factors associated with political participation among university students in Peru

In Peru, the political participation of university students is low, influenced by legal, cultural, and personal factors that limit them to voting only out of obligation. This work analyzed the factors associated with political participation in university students, considering their socio-academic variables. A sample of 310 students was used, where low levels of political participation were found, with significant associations to factors such as apoliticism, mobilization, and activism, but without relation to sociodemographic variables such as sex, occupation, or economic dependence. The lack of participation is attributed to distrust in political actors due to corruption and personal disinterest, with a greater focus on one's academic activities.

Peningkatan Gotong Royong Siswa melalui Model Project Based Learning Berbantuan Media Audiovisual di Fase B Kelas 3 SDN Sumber 3 Surakarta

This study aims to improve the affective learning outcomes in the dimension of collaboration (gotong royong), as well as cognitive and psychomotor learning outcomes of third-grade students at SDN Sumber 3 Surakarta through the application of the Project Based Learning model assisted by audiovisual media. The urgency of selecting this topic stems from the low levels of collaboration and student participation in cooperative activities, which negatively impact social interactions and learning outcomes. Addressing this issue is critical to fostering Pancasila Student Profiles with cooperative and integrity-based characteristics. This classroom action research was conducted in two cycles. The results show significant improvements in all three learning aspects. The collaboration dimension saw a 12.5% increase, with 67% of students classified as "Proficient". Cognitive learning outcomes improved by 10%, with 87% of students reaching the "Proficient" level. Psychomotor learning outcomes also increased by 5%, with 67% of students classified as "Proficient". These findings demonstrate that PBL assisted by audiovisual media is effective in fostering students' affective, cognitive, and psychomotor development while promoting active participation in project-based learning.

Global citizenship among students of Kazakhstan: the role of social media

With the increasing involvement of universities in Kazakhstan in the processes of internationalization, there is a need to adapt educational programs to the changing requirements of the labor market and the national educational environment. An important aspect of these changes is the study of the perception of global citizenship among students of Kazakhstan. In this article, the authors present the results of their two studies on global citizenship. In the first study, the authors set out to study the behavior of university students with participation in democratic processes and their use of social media. In the last decade, many researchers have studied the impact of social media on youth participation in global public life. Many of them noted the positive impact, suggesting that the use of social media would promote democratic participation, especially among the younger generation. Among the students of Kazakhstan, 284 students took part in this study. Participation in global and democratic processes includes five main elements: voting, political activism, consumer participation, protests, and communication with politicians. Our research has shown that university students in Kazakhstan most often express their support or protest within the framework of consumer participation. Students in Kazakhstan demonstrate a low level of participation in political activism, protests and communication with politicians. Regarding the second work of the authors, the study aims to adapt the Scale of Global Citizenship to the context of Kazakhstan, which is a key step in preparing students for active participation in democratic processes. The study used a cross-sectional design using quantitative methods for data collection and analysis. 374 students participated in the study. Based on the results of exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, as well as reliability calculations, it was found that the Global Citizenship Scale has been successfully adapted for use in Kazakhstan, which confirms its applicability in the country.

Physical activity, screening cancer, and savings rate as indicators of health responsibility

Introduction: The health of individuals can change gradually over time as a result of the choices they make. Aim: The study aimed to examine indicators such as physical activity levels, screening participation, and household savings in the context of their role as potential measures of individual health responsibility. The second aim was to identify cognitive barriers and motivations influencing physical activity, breast and cervical cancer screening participation, and money-saving habits. Material and methods: The analysis used available data on physical activity, the screening level (for breast and cervical cancer), and household savings rates. Then, the data for Poland were presented against the background of available averages for the European Union. The data came from Eurostat, Eurobarometer - the official survey instrument used by the European Parliament. Results: According to Eurobarometer data, 65% of respondents in Poland have never been physically active in 2022 (vs in the European Union 45%). In 2022, the percentage of women who were screened for cervical cancer in Poland was 34% of women. And the cervical cancer program (cytology) was used by 10.9% of people. In 2022, the household saving rate was 12.7 % in the EU, and in Poland -2.89%, where the lowest rate occurred in Greece and the highest in Germany (Eurostat data). Conclusion: The low level of physical activity and participation in screening tests in Poland, compared to EU countries, highlights the need to intensify public health promotion activities. Additionally, promoting saving as an important element of health responsibility can not only improve the financial well-being of citizens but also have a positive impact on their mental health.

A qualitative study of nurse participation in global health in the English NHS: participation, interest, and barriers to participation

BackgroundNurses contribute to the largest demographic of the healthcare workforce. However, given current global shortages of workforce capacity, this often leads to limited capacity to engage in extracurricular educational developments beyond their immediate role. Consequently, this significantly limits the range of workforce training and development opportunities that are available to them, which could enhance the variety of skills that are brought to the National Health Service (NHS).ObjectiveWe aimed to understand prior, current, and future participation in global health activities such as global health conferences, networks, and placements, among National Health Service (NHS) staff. Furthermore, we investigated the barriers and facilitators to participation in global health activities for nurses in our sample.MethodQualitative and quantitative data was gathered from an online survey conducted in England from July to November 2021. Thematic analysis was used to examine the qualitative data collected from one open-ended question, whereas statistical analysis was used to examine the remaining quantitative data.ResultsMost (84%) nurses in our sample had not participated in a global health activity. Our results highlighted three barriers to participation, including insufficient communication, a lack of awareness, and capacity issues.ConclusionThis study showed that, despite low levels of prior participation, there is a strong desire among surveyed nurses to be involved in global health activities and education. Our findings also suggest that enhanced communication of opportunities available is needed, in addition to organisational support which incorporates strategies to overcome capacity constraints.

Individual Electoral Competitiveness: Undecided voters, complex choice environments and lower turnout

The number of citizens that are undecided in their vote choice has risen in Western democracies. Polling in Britain shows that a significant proportion of the population do not know who they will vote for. Against a backdrop of partisan dealignment and party system fragmentation, there are more parties on the ballot and more citizens ‘free to choose’. Partisanship continues to be important for voting and lacking an identity is a predictor of aggregate voter volatility. A growing literature conceptualises this availability of voters as individual-level electoral competitiveness, stating that undecided citizens are subject to high levels of competition for their vote. I use this framework and apply theory from the decisionmaking literature to offer why these conditions may depress turnout. I construct a measure of undecided voters who are ‘in competition’ and show that this accounts for 40% of the British Election Study Internet Panel respondents. I demonstrate that those who are in competition are less likely to vote. They are more often those without a partisan identity and those who pay less attention to politics, but being in competition is not related to constituency marginality. The results help explain a key determinant of abstention in British elections and suggest low levels of participation may be due to complex choice environments and citizen indecision. However, they provide a positive outlook for pluralistic democracy as voters do deliberate between the party perspectives on offer.

Adoption of Appropriate Agricultural Model for Food Security in Guiping Town, Renshou County, China

This study explores the problems and strategies in modern physical education around the issue of improving students' sports participation. By analyzing factors such as outdated teaching methods, single curriculum design, imperfect evaluation mechanism, insufficient school sports culture atmosphere, and lack of social and family support, the reasons for the low level of students' sports participation are deeply analyzed. The study emphasizes that physical education is not only a means to improve physical fitness, but also an important way to promote students' mental health and cultivate social interaction skills. On this basis, the study proposes specific strategies such as improving teaching methods, optimizing curriculum design, strengthening school sports culture construction, providing diversified sports projects, and family and social support. Through multi-dimensional methods such as gamification teaching, stratified teaching, ability grouping, interest-driven, interdisciplinary integration, and family and community resource sharing, students' participation in sports activities can be effectively improved, thereby improving the effectiveness of physical education. The study pointed out that the purpose of physical education is to help students develop comprehensively in terms of physical fitness, psychological and social abilities through scientific teaching and management, and promote the improvement of their comprehensive quality.

Barriers to Trade Union Participation among Rural Migrant Workers in China: An Analysis of Labor Disputes, Employment Characteristics, and Socio-Demographic Factors

This study aims to understand the potential for migrant workers to join trade unions by analyzing labor disputes, employment characteristics, and socio-demographic factors. Utilizing data from a survey of 823 migrant workers conducted in Shanghai and nine other cities in China, this research examines both the associational (organizational membership) and behavioral (activity participation) aspects of trade union participation. The results indicate that rural migrant workers exhibit a low level of union participation, contrary to expectations based on their labor market position and the recruitment efforts by Chinese unions. Three primary barriers to union participation were identified: (1) migrant workers in state-owned firms are significantly more likely to participate in unions compared to those in private firms, where union presence is weaker; (2) occupational and employment status discrimination within workplaces hinders rural migrant workers from joining unions; and (3) trust in trade unions is relatively low among Chinese migrant workers, likely due to the close relationship between unions and the government, which may undermine union legitimacy and impede worker engagement. These findings highlight the systemic challenges that rural migrant workers face in engaging with trade unions in China.

Participatory Forest Management in Burkina Faso: Perceptions of Local Populations in the Cassou Managed Forest

In recent decades, the participation of local populations has become an imperative and a solution in forest management. Mystified and idealized, the participatory approach is seen as the key to sustainable management of this resource. This approach was adopted in Burkina Faso in the mid-1980s, leading to the establishment of the Forest Management Sites (FMS or CAF in french), administrative and technical structures for sustainable forest management involving local populations. However, the area of managed forests has continued to decline at an alarming rate. In such a context, we are tempted to ask whether there really is participation in systems described as participatory forest management, and if the populations have appropriated the approach. This study, carried out among the local populations of Cassou forest management site, attempts to answer these questions. Its aim was to gather local people&amp;apos;s perceptions on their involvement in the forest management. To achieve the study&amp;apos;s objective, eight (8) focus groups with men and women were organized during July and August 2022 in the villages of Cassou, Vrassan, Kou and Dao. The study analyzed local people&amp;apos;s perceptions of the following scales of participation: “&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;consultation, involvement, information sharing, collaboration, decision-making and sharing of economic benefits&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;”. The data analysis using Nvivo 21 software showed that local people felt 100% involved only in sharing economic benefits, while the level of participation on the other scales was barely 20%. These results show the low level of participation of local people in the forests management. The decision-makers therefore need to work towards genuine involvement of local populations in the management of these areas, so that they see them as part of the community heritage to be defended. The socio-political situation in Burkina Faso today proves that this is all the more important given that, in addition to the environmental stakes, forests represent a national security issue.

The bidirectional relationship between social contracts and entrepreneurship: Syrian refugee entrepreneurs in Kurdistan Region of Iraq

ABSTRACT This article explores the interaction between Syrian refugees’ entrepreneurship and the social contract of Kurdistan Region of Iraq using qualitative method. The findings confirm that the low level of social contract’s recognition of refugee resources as property rights had a negative effect on their entrepreneurship activities. In contrast, the provisions provided by the government, as part of the social contract helped refugees utilize their resources, which played a positive role in motivating refugee entrepreneurship. Regarding the impact of refugee entrepreneurship on the social contract, there was no top-down change, even with indications of change agency. This can be explained by the low level of participation, in the social contract, and the weakness of entrepreneur associations. For bottom-up change, refugee entrepreneurs tended to challenge the exclusiveness and clientelism in the social contract by increasingly deviating from standard processes, which lead to some de facto change. This research enhances our insights of refugees’ entrepreneurship and integration in the context of the social contract and its change.

Деякі регіональні особливості вимушеної міграції з України: столиця та інші регіони.

The forced migration of Ukrainians within the country and abroad has become a characteristic feature of the era of full-scale invasion. It saved the lives and health of many people, as a decrease in population density in the areas most affected by the hostilities leads to a decrease in human losses. Despite the great research interest in the topic of forced migration, some aspects of it still remain poorly understood, in particular, it is important to study the peculiarities of forced migration at the localities level, at least in large cities. The purpose of this article is to single out the category of forced migrants who lived in Kyiv before the full-scale invasion by the aggressor country and to identify the peculiarities of staying abroad and the attitudes of this group. To achieve this goal, general scientific methods of analysis, synthesis, and induction were used. Empirical data were collected using the method of sample surveys. The method of grouping was used to distinguish Kyiv residents from the general population of respondents, and the method of comparison was used to identify the peculiarities of their forced migration abroad. The study found that Kyiv residents are more likely to settle abroad in the capitals of their destination countries. Among them, there are more unmarried and childless individuals, which creates prerequisites for socio-economic integration outside the country. Also, people from the capital were less likely to have relatives abroad at the time of the full-scale invasion, which is likely due to their low level of participation in external labor migration in the previous period. Migrants from the capital proved to be better integrated in the countries of settlement, which is reflected in their proficiency in the local language, employment in the local labor market, and higher levels of financial well-being. At the same time, they retain stronger ties to Ukraine. Residents of Kyiv region are similar to Kyiv residents in some respects, while in others they are similar to residents of other regions. The study also revealed cases where the population of Kyiv region exhibited characteristics intermediate between Kyiv and other regions. The development of effective strategies for migration management, socio-economic development of the country during the war and post-war revival needs to take into account regional specifics.

High Discretion Slack: Penentu Keberhasilan Kinerja Organisasi Badan Usaha Miliki Desa (Bumdesa)

This research focuses on high discretion slack in achieving good organizational performance in Village-Owned Enterprises (BUM Desa). The type of data used in this research is primary data obtained from interviews with informants. This research will be conducted with a descriptive qualitative approach with a single case study on BUM Desa in Jombang district. The results showed that in BUM Desa there are unbound resources in the form of cash, working capital that can be utilized by managers in improving BUM Desa performance. However, these resources are not directly able to determine the success of BUM Desa performance. These unbound resources require the ability of managers, in this case human resources, to utilize these resources. The results of this study also show the limited ability of human resources in the village to drive BUM Desa, in addition to the low level of community participation in assisting BUM Desa management makes BUM Desa difficult to develop, even though the resources owned are high. Thus, human resource capability and village community participation are important factors to be used as benchmarks in maximizing resource utilization for the successful performance of BUM Desa.

Enhancing Family Nutrition and Economy by Cultivating Catfish in Aquaponic Systems to Optimise NarrowLand Space

The MMD 1000 Village Strategic Community Service Grant Program aims to address the issues that the village community is currently facing, such as the low level of community participation in PKK activities, the need to improve the nutrition of low-income families, and the underutilization of narrow yards. So that through the MMD 1000 Village Strategic Community Service GrantProgramme activities, will offer solutions to these problems, including outreach and demonstration plots along with the assistance of aquaponic cultivation systems. The methods that will be applied to this activity include the following: 1) providingunderstanding to community leaders and target audiences, especially activity partners; 2). Counselingand training to increase knowledge about the implementation of an appropriate aquaponic cultivation system, 3). Direct practice or application of the aquaponic cultivation system, including assembling the design of aquaponics tools, setting tools and tanks, water preparation and monitoring water quality, stocking fish seeds, planting vegetable seeds, and raising fish and vegetables together 4). Evaluationto monitor success in implementing activities, 5). Evaluate the impact of activities directly on increasing fish and vegetable consumption and the impact on the family economy through fish and vegetable production. This activity increases the community's ability to manage narrow land by implementing an aquaponic system, which has an impact on improving family nutritional welfare and increasing economic income Itis expected to be implemented by the wider community in Dawuhan Village and other villages in Malang Regency

Economics of Peatland Ecosystem Services: A Study of Use and Non-Use Values and People Interplays in Sumatra, Indonesia

Peatlands play an important role in the global environment and the well-being of humans by providing valuable ecosystem services. Yet, anthropogenic activities pose significant hazards for peatland management, including low levels of community participation due to lack of awareness and financial incentives. Understanding the social–cultural and economic value of these ecosystems will raise awareness to protect these important ecosystems. Here, we estimated a total economic value (TEV) of peatland ecosystem services and examined relationships between the TEV and landscape characteristics in Riau province, Indonesia. A questionnaire was used to investigate household socioeconomics, perception of peatland importance, peatland product collection, and willingness to pay for habitat and biodiversity protection from May to June 2023. A total of 200 household individuals (92% confidence) in five villages across distinct landscapes in the Sungai Kiyap-Sungai Kampar Kiri Peatland Hydrological Unit participated in the survey. The respondents obtained numerous advantages from the peatlands with an estimated TEV of USD 3174 per household per year (about 1.3 times their annual income). Approximately 81% showed a use value, especially food provisioning from fish and soil fertility. To a lesser extent, non-use values included a habitat for endemic and endangered species, biodiversity conservation for future generations, and community bonds with sacred forests. The landscape characteristics, illustrating habitat types, biophysical conditions, and property rights regimes, interplay with the relative benefits derived from the peatlands. Proximity to secondary peat swamp forests and riparian zones, especially within protected areas, enhanced economic value. Protected area co-management is essential to balance peatland conservation with sustainable livelihoods. Primary forests need restrictive protection. Meanwhile, buffer zone designation and agroforestry practices, especially in the peatland–farm interface, reduce land use tensions and promote local stewardship. This study can be used as a reference by planners and policymakers to recognize factors that promote effective peatland management, especially those that balance ecosystem protection and livelihood maintenance.

Women-Led Pulse Agriculture for Enhanced Household Nutrition Security in East African Countries

Pulse crops are significant sources of starch, fiber, protein and micronutrients for the human population. Four East African countries (Ethiopia, Tanzania, Uganda, and Rwanda) have huge potential of pulse production but are constrained by several challenges in the production-consumption chain. This scoping review has assessed the challenges and opportunities related to women-led, nutrition-sensitive pulse agriculture in the four East African countries. This scoping review is based on data from major scientific databases, such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, which are commonly used for research purposes, as well as grey literature. The criteria used were studies conducted in Ethiopia, Tanzania, Uganda, or Rwanda; grey literature which includes reports, theses, and other unpublished materials that may be relevant to a particular topic (years 2010 to 2023); observational studies, including case-control, cohort, and cross-sectional studies that assessed pulse crop production and consumption; and those published in English. Evidence from these countries shows that the historical gender gap and low level of participation by women in the sector have had adverse effects on the production of pulses. There are also social and cultural barriers that severely constrain women&amp;rsquo;s role in pulse agriculture, such as poor knowledge of the benefits of pulses, constraining cultural practice and gender-based norms in the pulse sector, limited access to market, land and finance, underdeveloped delivery/supply chain and extension services, less developed value addition culture, and the stigma of pulse consumption. This study identifies multiple avenues to ameliorate the identified socioeconomic, cultural and policy constraints, including promoting women-led pulse production through increasing access to financing for small-scale pulse crop farmers, improving market access through better marketing and distribution networks, and investing in infrastructure to support pulse production and consumption.

Return to sporting activities following long fusions to the pelvis in adult spinal deformity

Returning to recreational sporting activities after adult spinal deformity (ASD) correction may significantly impact the patient's perceived quality of life. This study sought to characterize participation in sporting activities before and after ASD surgery, and to identify factors associated with impaired return to sports. Cross-sectional survey and retrospective review of prospectively collected data. Patients who underwent posterior-only thoracolumbar ASD surgery between 2016 and 2021 with ≥1 year follow-up and ≥3 levels of fusion to the pelvis were included. Preoperative and postoperative participation in sports, timing of return to these activities, and reasons for limited sports participation postoperatively were assessed. A survey was used to evaluate outcome measures. Differences in demographic, surgical, and perioperative variables between patients who reported improved, unchanged, or worsened activity tolerance were evaluated. Ninety-five patients were included (mean age: 64.3±10.1 years; BMI: 27.3±6.1 kg/m2; median levels fused: 7). The survey was completed at an average of 43.5±15.9 months after surgery. Sixty-eight (72%) patients participated in sports preoperatively. The most common sports were swimming (n=33, 34.7%), yoga (n=23, 24.2%), weightlifting (n=20, 21.1%), elliptical (n=19, 20.0%), and golf (n=11, 11.6%). Fifty-seven (83.8%) returned to at least one sport postoperatively, most commonly 6-12 months after surgery (45%). Elliptical had the highest rate of equal or improved participation (53%). Patients generally returned below their preoperative level to all other sports. Reasons for reduced sporting activities included physical limitation (51.4%), fear (20.0%), pain (17.1%), and surgeon advice (8.6%). There were no differences in the demographic, surgical, or perioperative characteristics between those who returned to sports at the same or better level compared with those who returned at a lower level. About 84% of patients successfully resumed sporting activities after undergoing fusion to the sacrum/pelvis for ASD. However, this return is typically at a lower level of participation than their preoperative participation, particularly in higher demand sports. Understanding trends in sporting activity may be valuable for counseling patients and setting expectations.

Community engagement in waste reduction: A critical component for Gunung Sewu Geopark conservation, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Abstract The key to achieving an effective and sustainable geopark waste management system is fostering community participation. This research about the Gunung Sewu Geopark, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, examines the phases and levels of community participation in waste reduction. The study involved surveying 1,757 respondents aged 18 and above using door-to-door questionnaires, which were analysed using the conditional probability method to determine participation stages and levels. The results indicate that community participation in waste reduction activities, such as composting and recycling is inadequate, with only 21.12% of respondents participating in the decision-making stage, 1.99% participating in the implementation stage, and 0.68% finding waste reduction activities valuable. Rural community participation level scores were 0.68 and categorised as very low. The incomplete stages of participation and low levels of participation are significant challenges for implementing sustainable waste management and maintaining conservation principles in Gunung Sewu Geopark. Further research could be conducted to determine the driving factors that most influence rural community participation so that geopark policymakers can develop strategies to increase participation more effectively and to targets.