Low Levels Of Research Activity Research Articles

Control beliefs of teacher educators regarding their research engagement

ABSTRACT Strong evidence has emerged that teacher educators (TEs) should be directly and actively engaged in the research process. Despite this, relatively low levels of research activity have been observed. In 2014, the British Educational Research Association (BERA) called for a national strategy to embed research-informed practice into teacher education. Previous research has revealed that TEs encounter several barriers to engaging in research. This study aimed to provide a current and detailed account of perceptions of control and ability to engage in research in a sample of TEs based at a new university in England, using the framework of the theory of planned behaviour. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 16 TEs to elicit control beliefs underlying research engagement. Beliefs mentioned by at least 25% of the sample were defined as accessible beliefs and were retained for further qualitative analysis. Interpretative phenomenological analysis revealed seven higher-order control factors that influenced the motivation to engage in research. Specifically, these comprised a lack of time, insufficient mentoring, limited opportunities for collaboration, the nature of initial teacher education, changes in the faculty, various feelings (mostly negative) and inflexible research procedures. These accessible beliefs can be targeted by faculties of education to increase research engagement. In future research we will collect quantitative data about these beliefs from a larger sample of TEs. Empirical relationships between the control beliefs and intention to engage in research and actual research engagement will be investigated, which will allow evidence-based interventions, rooted in the qualitative data, to be developed.

KERANGKA KERJA MANAJEMEN HUMAS DALAM LEMBAGA PENDIDIKAN

Educational institutions are grown by initiative, one of which is certainly inseparable in so much the contribution of the existence of a mature planning with the preparation of a strategy / concept of management framework to create a quality educational institution. This journal describes a public relations management framework within educational institutions ranging from Planning, Organizing, Actuating, and Controlling. Public affairs and lobbying are high status and strategically important strategic public relations. It is a field of public relations practice that produces high levels both scientifically and publicly concerning the role it perceives in supporting the company's strengths and impacts related to the functional legitimacy of democratic institutions. For this paper content analysis is done from academic journals to provide insight into how public affairs and lobbying have been theorized and researched within it public relations scholarship and to ascertain what level of wider public concern has been addressed. The findings include empirical confirmation of a low level of research activity in public affairs; that rhetorical stakeholders and theories are the most widely used theories, but far from the dominant paradigm

Global variations in the level of cancer-related research activity and correlation to cancer-specific mortality: Proposal for a global curriculum

IntroductionThe aim of this study was to analyze global variations in the level of cancer-related research activity and correlate this with cancer-specific mortality. MethodsThe SCOPUS database was explored to obtain data relating to the number of cancer-related publications per country. Cancer-specific mortality rates were obtained from the World Health Organization. Global variations in the level of scholarly activity were analyzed and correlated with variations in cancer-specific mortality. ResultsData for 142 countries were obtained and significant variations in the level of research activity was noted. The level of research activity increased with rising socio-economic status. The United States was the most prolific country with 222,300 publications followed by Japan and Germany. Several countries in different regions of the world had a low level of research activity. An inverse relationship between the level of research activity and cancer-specific mortality was noted. This relationship persisted even in countries with a low level of research activity. The socioeconomic status of a nation and geographic location (continent) had a mixed influence with an overall apparent correlation with cancer-related research activity. ConclusionThis study demonstrates significant global variation in the level of cancer-related research activity and a correlation with cancer-specific mortality. The presence of a minimum set of standards for research literacy, as proposed by the European Society of Surgical Oncology and the Society of Surgical Oncology may contribute to enhanced research activity and improve outcomes for cancer patients worldwide.

Global Variations in the Level of Cancer-Related Research Activity and Correlation to Cancer-Specific Mortality: Proposal for a Global Curriculum.

The aim of this study was to analyze global variations in the level of cancer-related research activity and correlate this with cancer-specific mortality. The SCOPUS database was explored to obtain data relating to the number of cancer-related publications per country. Cancer-specific mortality rates were obtained from the World Health Organization. Global variations in the level of scholarly activity were analyzed and correlated with variations in cancer-specific mortality. Data for 142 countries were obtained and significant variations in the level of research activity was noted. The level of research activity increased with rising socio-economic status. The United States was the most prolific country with 222,300 publications followed by Japan and Germany. Several countries in different regions of the world had a low level of research activity. An inverse relationship between the level of research activity and cancer-specific mortality was noted. This relationship persisted even in countries with a low level of research activity. The socioeconomic status of a nation and geographic location (continent) had a mixed influence with an overall apparent correlation with cancer-related research activity. This study demonstrates significant global variation in the level of cancer-related research activity and a correlation with cancer-specific mortality. The presence of a minimum set of standards for research literacy, as proposed by the European Society of Surgical Oncology and the Society of Surgical Oncology may contribute to enhanced research activity and improve outcomes for cancer patients worldwide.

Organisational benefits of a strong research culture in a health service: a systematic review.

Objective The aim of the present study was to determine whether there is an association between having research culture in a health service and better organisational performance. Methods Using systematic review methods, databases were searched, inclusion criteria applied and study quality appraised. Data were extracted from selected studies and the results were synthesised descriptively. Results Eight studies were selected for review. Five studies compared health services with high versus low levels of research activity among the workforce. Three studies evaluated the effect of specific interventions focused on the health workforce. All studies reported a positive association between research activity and organisational performance. Improved organisational performance included lower patient mortality rates (two of two studies), higher levels of patient satisfaction (one of one study), reduced staff turnover (two of two studies), improved staff satisfaction (one of two studies) and improved organisational efficiency (four of five studies). Conclusions A stronger research culture appears to be associated with benefits to patients, staff and the organisation. What is known about this topic? Research investment in the health workforce can increase research productivity of the health workforce. In addition, investment in clinical research can lead to positive health outcomes. However, it is not known whether a positive research culture among the health workforce is associated with improved organisational performance. What does this paper add? The present systematic review of the literature provides evidence that a positive research culture and interventions directed at the health workforce are associated with patient, staff and organisational benefits. What are the implications for practitioners? For health service managers and policy makers, one interpretation of the results could be to provide support for initiatives directed at the health workforce to increase a research culture in health services. However, because association does not imply causation, managers need to interpret the results with caution and evaluate the effect of any initiatives to increase the research culture of the health workforce on the performance of their organisation.

A Review of Individual and Institutional Publication Productivity in Medical Radiation Science

AimsTo investigate the research impact of active medical radiation science (MRS) researchers and the research output of MRS institutions globally. MethodsAn iterative search strategy was used to firstly identify productive MRS authors and then examine their productivity over a 5-year period (January 1, 2010–December 31, 2014) using “SciVal” (Elsevier). For each of the authors, the total number of publications in peer-reviewed journals, total number of citations, international collaboration metrics, number of citations per publication, h-index, and i10-index were extracted. Each author's total impact was then quantified. SciVal was also used to quantify the institutional activity. ResultsThe 105 active authors identified came from 50 institutions worldwide. Most (73.3%) of the active authors had published at least five articles in peer-reviewed international journals within the period reviewed. The total citation count of all authors identified was 3,472 (range, 0–224). The h-index and i10-index of MRS researchers ranged from 0 to 24 (mean, 5.6) and 0 to 34 (mean, 2.48), respectively. ConclusionFindings demonstrate a low level of research activity and international collaboration among MRS authors. Data provided may help with strategic development goals and to identify potential collaborators and research supervisors internationally. Low publication rates and citations counts raise questions about the viability and sustainability of the MRS evidence base.

Everywhere and nowhere: Theorising and researching public affairs and lobbying within public relations scholarship

Public affairs and lobbying is a high status and strategically vital public relations specialism. It is a field of PR practice that generates high levels of both scholarly and public concern in regard to its perceived role in supporting corporate power and the associated impact on the functional legitimacy of democratic institutions. For this paper a content analysis was conducted of academic journals (between 2000 and 2013) to provide insights into how public affairs and lobbying have been theorised and researched within public relations scholarship and to ascertain to what degree wider public concerns have been addressed. Findings include an empirical confirmation of the low level of research activity on public affairs; that stakeholder and rhetorical theories have been the most widely used theories, but are far from constituting dominant paradigms; that scholarship has privileged functional objectives over civic concerns; and that published work originates almost entirely from institutions in Europe and the US with the Global South invisible. The paper also discusses future directions for research in public affairs and advocates the placing of discourse into definitions of public affairs, and that academic public relations should assert responsibility for this field, but in a manner that more equitably balances organisational and societal concerns.

Factors influencing levels of research activity in clinical psychologists: a new model

AbstractThere are concerns in the USA and UK about low levels of research activity amongst clinical psychologists emerging from doctoral level training. The authors explore existing evidence and theory pertaining to this phenomenon. Three relevant theoretical strands are identified, along with related empirical studies and commentaries in practitioner journals. These different sources are integrated to suggest a more complete model of factors influencing clinical psychologists' research intentions, and in turn research activity itself: vocational preferences, research training experienced during qualifying training, practice context, value placed on expected outcomes of doing research, perceived norms for clinical psychologists in relation to doing research, research self‐efficacy, professional identity and, most tentatively, sex role identity. Our new model points to training interventions, either pre‐ or post‐qualification, that may increase the likelihood of clinical psychologists carrying out clinical research that will contribute to their profession's knowledge base, beyond their time in qualifying training. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Infection and Atherosclerosis

Infection has been implicated as a cause of atherosclerosis since the first half of the 19th century. Over the years, sporadic publications have appeared in the literature reflecting a persistent but relatively low level of research activity in this area. In the last decade, however, publications relating to this topic have increased markedly. And very recently, new epidemiological and mechanistic data relating infection to several different diseases, including atherosclerosis, have appeared, stimulating the emergence of important paradigm shifts in how we think about the causes of chronic disease. The following article reviews some of these newer concepts as they relate to a possible role of infection in atherosclerosis.

VII A VIEW FROM BRAZIL

Factors that influence library planning in Brazil include its large size, its very young population, its struggling semi‐industrialized economy, the uneven level of education, and low levels of research activity and publishing output. Modernization means that the demand for documents is potentially very large. Document supply will be organized through different economic or administrative sectors, such as agriculture, energy, or education. However, these will need to be co‐ordinated to avoid gaps or unnecessary duplication in subject coverage, and some degree of centralization is desirable.