Lower Moderate-to-vigorous Physical Activity Levels Research Articles

Movement behaviour typologies and their associations with adiposity indicators in children and adolescents: a latent profile analysis of 24-h compositional data

ObjectivesGrowing evidence supports the important role of 24-hour movement behaviours (MB) in preventing childhood obesity. However, research to understand the heterogeneity and variability of MB among individuals and what kind of typologies of individuals are at risk of developing obesity is lacking. To bridge this gap, this study identified typologies of 24-hour MB in children and adolescents and investigated their associations with adiposity indicators.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, 374 children and 317 adolescents from the Czech Republic wore wrist-worn accelerometers for seven consecutive days. Time spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), light physical activity (LPA), sedentary behaviour (SB), and sleep was quantified using raw accelerometery data. Adiposity indicators included body mass index (BMI) z-score, fat mass percentage (FM%), fat mass index (FMI), and visceral adipose tissue (VAT). Bias-adjusted latent profile analysis was used on the 24-hour MB data to identify MB typologies and their associations with adiposity indicators. The models were adjusted for potential confounders. The identified typologies were labelled to reflect the behavioural profiles of bees to aid interpretability for the general public.ResultsTwo typologies were identified in children: highly active Workers characterised by high levels of MVPA and LPA, and inactive Queens characterised by low levels of MVPA and LPA, high levels of SB and longer sleep duration compared to Workers. In adolescents, an additional typology labelled as Drones was characterised by median levels of MVPA, LPA, SB and longest sleep duration. After controlling for covariates, we found that children labelled as Queens were associated with 1.38 times higher FM%, 1.43 times higher FMI, and 1.67 times higher VAT than Workers. In adolescents, Drones had 1.14 times higher FM% and Queens had 1.36 higher VAT in comparison with Workers, respectively.ConclusionOur study highlights the importance of promoting active lifestyles in children and adolescents to potentially reduce adiposity. These findings can provide insights for interventions aimed at promoting healthy MB and preventing childhood obesity.Graphical

The interplay between air pollution, built environment, and physical activity: Perceptions of children and youth in rural and urban India

The role of physical inactivity as a contributor to non-communicable disease risk in children and youth is widely recognized. Air pollution and the built environment can limit participation in physical activity and exacerbate non-communicable disease risk; however, the relationships between perceptions of air pollution, built environment, and health behaviours are not fully understood, particularly among children and youth in low and middle-income countries. Currently, there are no studies capturing how child and youth perceptions of air pollution and built environment are associated with physical activity in India, thus, this study investigated the association between perceived air pollution and built environment on moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) levels of Indian children and youth. Online surveys captured MVPA, perception of air pollution as a problem, built environment factors, as well as relevant sociodemographic characteristics from parents and children aged 5–17 years in partnership with 41 schools across 28 urban and rural locations during the Coronavirus disease lockdowns in 2021. After adjusting for age, gender, and location, a significant association was found between the perception of air pollution as a problem and MVPA levels (β = −18.365, p < 0.001). Similarly, the perception of a high crime rate was associated with lower MVPA levels (β = −23.383, p = 0.002). Reporting the presence of zebra crossings, pedestrian signals, or attractive natural sightings were associated with higher MVPA levels; however, this association varied across sociodemographic groups. These findings emphasize the importance of addressing air pollution and improving the built environment to facilitate outdoor active living, including active transportation, among children and youth – solutions that are particularly relevant not only for preventing non-communicable disease risk but also for climate change mitigation.

Relationships of Total and Domain-Specific Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity with All-Cause and Disease-Specific Mortality.

This study aimed to investigate the relationships of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) with all-cause and disease-specific mortality. We also investigated how the association between MVPA at leisure time (LT-MVPA) and health outcomes differs at different MVPA at work (WT-MVPA) levels. The 81,601 community-dwelling Japanese persons age 50-79 yr who responded to a questionnaire in 2000-2003 were followed until 2018. Cox proportional hazard model was used to examine the association of total MVPA with risks of all-cause, cancer, heart disease, stroke, and respiratory disease mortality. Then, we compared the mortality risk according to the tertile of LT-MVPA, stratified by the tertile of WT-MVPA. During the 15.1 yr of average follow-up, 16,951 deaths were identified. Even total MVPA below the recommended volume (i.e., 0.1-1.49 MET·h·d -1 ) was associated with 11% to 24% reductions in all-cause (hazard ratio [HR], 0.89; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.82-0.96) and heart disease mortality (HR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.61-0.94), compared with no MVPA at all. The further reduced risks were seen in MVPA up to 10 MET·h·d -1 . The inverse association between LT-MVPA and mortality risks was more evident at lower WT-MVPA, which was also inversely associated with the risks. Health benefits were observed at low levels of MVPA and up to 10 MET·h·d -1 , although the fine threshold for excessive MVPA was not clear. LT-MVPA had distinct health benefits especially for persons with lower WT-MVPA.

The associations of physical activity and lifetime depression with all-cause and cause-specific mortality: evidence from a prospective cohort study

This study aims to explore the joint associations of physical activity and lifetime depression with all-cause and cause-specific mortality. The present study using data from UK Biobank, included 316568 participants aged 37 to 73 years recruited from 22 centers between 2006 and 2010. Total physical activity (TPA), moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and vigorous physical activity (VPA), assessed by metabolic equivalent task (MET) were used and Cox-proportional hazard models were performed in this study. The incidence rate of all-cause, CVD, and cancer mortality was 4.35(95%CI: 4.29-4.42), 0.69 (95%CI: 0.67-0.72), and 2.23 (95%CI: 2.19-2.28) per 1000 person-years after an average follow-up time of 12.49 years. Lower levels of TPA, MVPA, and VPA were all independently associated with elevated risk of all-cause and cancer mortality. Lifetime depression was significantly associated with increased risk of all-cause (HR=1.46, 95%CI: 1.40-1.52), CVD (HR=1.48, 95%CI: 1.33-1.64), and cancer mortality (HR=1.13, 95%CI: 1.06-1.21). Significant interactive effect of low levels of TPA, MVPA, and VPA and lifetime depression on all-cause mortality were found in this study. The risk of all-cause mortality associated with lifetime depression was deteriorated with low levels of physical activity. Relevant interventions for regular PA should be performed among depressed population.

Temperament and longitudinal changes in physical activity – the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 Study

BackgroundInsufficient physical activity is risk factor for morbidity and premature mortality. This population-based birth cohort study investigated the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between self-reported temperament at age 31 and self-reported leisure-time moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) levels and changes thereof from the age of 31 to the age of 46 years.MethodsThe study population comprised 3,084 subjects (1,359 male and 1,725 female) from the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966. MVPA was self-reported at ages 31 and 46 years. Novelty seeking, harm avoidance, reward dependence, and persistence and their subscales were measured using Cloninger’s Temperament and Character Inventory at age 31. Four temperament clusters were used in the analyses: persistent, overactive, dependent, and passive. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the relationship between temperament and MVPA.ResultsThe persistent and overactive temperament profiles at age 31 were positively associated with higher MVPA levels both in young adulthood and in midlife, while the passive and dependent temperament profiles were associated with lower MVPA levels. The overactive temperament profile was associated with a decrease in MVPA levels from young adulthood to midlife among males.ConclusionA passive temperament profile characterized by high harm avoidance is associated with a higher risk of low MVPA level than other temperament profiles over the life cycle in females. The results suggest that temperament may play a role in determining the level and sustainability of MVPA. Individual targeting and intervention tailoring for promoting physical activity should consider temperament traits.

Associations between the built environment, policies and curriculum in schools and primary school children’s physical activity

Background: A large proportion of children in the UK do not engage in the recommended amount of physical activity. Schools are an environment where children spend a considerable portion of their time and have the potential to facilitate more physical activity. There has been little exploration of the specific school environment factors that are most pertinent to child physical activity and sedentary behaviour. This study was intended to fill this important gap. Methods: Data were collected between March 2017 and May 2018 from 50 schools and 1223 children who participated in the B-Proact1v cohort study. School level measures were the built environment (e.g. playground equipment, cycling parking, allotments), physical activity-related policies (e.g. policy to encourage active travel) and the use of physical activity in the curriculum (e.g. regular physical activity breaks throughout day). Children’s weekday moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was estimated via Actigraph GT3X accelerometers. Associations between school context measures and children’s weekday MVPA were analysed using linear multilevel models, with children nested within schools, adjusted for individual characteristics. Results: On average, children at schools with allotments, a larger amount of playground equipment and where cycle training was offered, engaged in higher levels of MVPA. PE being compromised due to space was associated with lower levels of MVPA. Conclusions: Whilst there is a need for further exploration, the findings suggest that school-based provision and policies for active travel, sport and active play may be important to encouraging more primary school children to be more active more regularly.

The prevalence of obesity and lifestyle behaviors of parents of youth with intellectual and developmental disabilities

BackgroundParents of youth with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) may have a higher prevalence of overweight and obesity and poorer weight management behaviors compared to the general population. ObjectiveTo describe the prevalence of overweight/obesity and related socioeconomic and lifestyle factors including diet quality, physical activity, and reported health habits in parents of youth with IDD. MethodsWe assessed: BMI (kg/m2), moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), fruit and vegetable intake (FVI), parental diet and physical activity habits, and socioeconomic characteristics. Associations of BMI on MVPA and FVI were assessed with Spearman's correlation; differences in BMI by parental diet and physical activity habits were assessed with Kruskall-Wallis tests; and the relationships of BMI to household income, race, and education were assessed with Kendall Tau-b and Mann Whitney U tests. ResultsData was obtained from 110 parents (97.3% female) who were study partners for their adolescents/young adults with IDD participating in a weight loss clinical trial. Approximately 81% of parents were overweight or obese (25.7% overweight, 55.1% obese), with 46.3% and 20% meeting the recommended U.S. guidelines for MVPA and FVI, respectively. Higher FVI and higher income were significantly associated with lower parent BMI. BMI was significantly lower in parents who reported to be physically active and choose healthy food. ConclusionWe observed a high prevalence of overweight/obesity, low FVI and low levels of MVPA in parents of adolescents with IDD. These observations suggest that interventions designed to address these factors have the potential to improve the health and wellbeing of both parents and adolescents with IDD. Clinical trials numberNCT02561754.

The Associations Between Accelerometer-Measured Physical Activity Levels and Mental Health in Children and Adolescents with Intellectual Disabilities During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

To examine the associations between physical activity (PA) levels and mental health in children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities (IDs) during the COVID-19 pandemic, 117 participants aged between 6 and 17 years with IDs from 10 Hong Kong special schools were included. There were positive dose–response associations between PA (i.e., light PA, moderate PA, and vigorous PA) and mental health, and participants with higher levels of moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) and self-concept (SC) had better social quality of life (QoL) than those with lower levels of MVPA and SC. Moreover, personal and environmental factors such as age, body mass index, school, sex, ID level, and parental education level influenced the PA levels and QoL in children and adolescents with IDs.

Low leptin levels are associated with elevated physical activity among lean school children in rural Tanzania

BackgroundIn Sub-Saharan African countries, rapid urbanization and increasing socio-economic status are associated with a transition to decreased physical activity (PA). A more sedentary lifestyle is linked to increased body fat leading to increments in leptin levels. Since rodent and human studies in high-income countries have shown that starvation-induced hypoleptinemia triggers high PA, efforts are warranted to pursue the hypothesis that low leptin levels in lean children of low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) are also associated with high PA.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, we assessed seven-day PA with triaxial accelerometry (ActiGraph GT3X) among 223 primary school children (9 to 12 years of age) in rural Tanzania. Moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) and total accelerometer counts per day were outcome variables. Leptin was determined using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay tests from dried blood spots. Anthropometric assessments were conducted and food insecurity and socio-demographic data were gathered using semi-structured interviews.ResultsIn this sample of school children in rural Tanzania, leptin concentrations (median: 0.91 ng/mL, P25: 0.55, P75: 1.69), body mass index z-scores (median: -1.35, P25: -1.93, P75: -0.82), and height-for-age-z-scores (median: -1.16, P25: -1.96, P75: -0.61) were low. In contrast, PA levels were high with a median MVPA time of 119 min/day. Linear regression confirmed that leptin levels were negatively associated with MVPA (beta: -18.1; 95%CI: -29.7; -6.5; p = 0.002) and total accelerometer counts (beta: -90,256; 95%CI: -154,146; -26,365; p = 0.006). Children residing in areas with better infrastructure had lower MVPA levels (p < 0.001) and tended to have higher leptin levels (p = 0.062) than children residing in areas only reachable via dirt roads.ConclusionOur cross-sectional field study is the first that supports the hypothesis of low leptin levels as a potential endocrine trigger of high PA in lean children of a LMIC. We observed early signs of a PA transition towards a less active lifestyle in a subgroup residing in areas with better infrastructure that concomitantly tended to have higher leptin concentrations. Considering that area-dependent PA differences were more pronounced among girls than boys, whereas differences in leptin levels were less pronounced, not only biological, but also external factors explain PA transition.

Abstract P070: Individual And Environmental Correlates Of Objectively Assessed Physical Activity Levels In Rural Residents

Introduction: Rural communities in the US face disproportionately higher rates of physical inactivity as well as coronary heart disease mortality, when compared to their urban and suburban counterparts. As such, increasing physical activity (PA) and reducing barriers to PA is critical in improving population health. Neighborhood characteristics have been shown to influence PA, but are understudied in rural communities. The current analysis: (1) describes PA patterns in rural mid-western communities, and (2) examines the associations of and interactions between individual and environmental correlates of objectively assessed weekly moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) minutes. Hypotheses: Overall, we expected low levels of weekly MVPA in rural residents; with lower levels anticipated in female, older, and low-income participants. We also expected positive associations of favorable perceptions of the neighborhood environment, trail use, and self-efficacy for PA with weekly MVPA. Finally, the test of interactions between intrapersonal and perceived environmental factors in relation to weekly MVPA is exploratory. Methods: Telephone surveys were conducted with 280 adults in 14 rural southeast Missouri communities, who were also asked to wear accelerometer devices for seven days. Participants were recruited via address-based sampling, and at local community events. Participants self-reported demographic information (age, sex, income), individual level behavioral factors (self-efficacy for PA, trail use) and neighborhood environment perceptions (indoor recreational access, safety from traffic, home neighborhood environment). Weekly MVPA minutes were assessed using the accelerometry data. Generalized linear mixed models using a negative binomial distribution were used examining associations of and interactions between individual characteristics and environmental correlates with weekly MVPA (Analyses were conducted using STATA V15). Results: Participants had a weekly average of 97 minutes MVPA, with 21% meeting PA guidelines. Increased age and being female were significantly associated with lower weekly MVPA. Additionally, increased self-efficacy and trail use were significantly associated with higher weekly MVPA. When exploring interaction effects, there was a significant interaction between gender and safety from traffic. For females, increased perceived safety from traffic was associated with lower MVPA. Conclusions: Rural residents have low levels of PA with less than a quarter meeting PA guidelines (75 minutes of vigorous and/or 150 minutes of moderate PA per week). Specifically, female residents face disproportionately lower levels of MVPA, with only 75 weekly minutes compared to 135 weekly minutes in males. Promoting trail use and targeting self efficacy for PA, may be effective strategies for increasing PA in rural residents.

Do physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, and subcortical brain structures explain reduced walking performance in older adults with multiple sclerosis?

BackgroundAs adults with multiple sclerosis (MS) age, walking speed and endurance progressively decline, yet there is limited understanding of factors that explain such age-related declines. The current study examined subcortical brain structures, cardiorespiratory fitness, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) as explanations for reduced walking performance in older adults with MS. MethodsOlder adults with MS (n = 29, 62.8 ± 5.8 years) and age-and-sex matched controls (n = 28, 63.8 ± 5.5 years) completed measures of walking speed (Timed-25 ft Walk) and walking endurance (Six-minute Walk), cardiorespiratory fitness, device-measured MVPA, and underwent an MRI to provide composite volumes of the thalamus, caudate, putamen, and pallidum. We used a mediator variable framework to describe group differences, determine correlations in the overall sample, and identify variables that explain reduced walking performance. ResultsCompared to controls, older adults with MS had worse walking speed (p<0.001) and endurance (p<0.001), lower fitness (p = 0.04), lower levels of MVPA (p = 0.001), and smaller composite volumes of the thalamus (p=<0.001), putamen (p = 0.04), and pallidum (p = 0.007). In the overall sample, both measures of walking performance were significantly correlated with fitness, MVPA, and volumes of the thalamus and putamen (r range 0.34–0.65). Regression analyses indicated that MVPA (β=0.007094) partially explained the group differences in walking speed, and fitness (β=7.7640) and MVPA (β=17.5797) partially explained the group differences in walking endurance. ConclusionsCollectively, these results suggest that cardiorespiratory fitness and MVPA, but not subcortical brain structures, may be modifiable targets of future interventions for improving walking in older adults with MS.

Changes in Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour in Cardiovascular Disease Patients during the COVID-19 Lockdown.

The COVID-19 lockdown has been associated with physical inactivity. We prospectively evaluated changes in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary time (ST) among 1565 cardiovascular disease (CVD) patients using validated questionnaires at 5 weeks after lockdown initiation (i.e., baseline, April 2020) and at every 4 subsequent weeks, until July 2020. Multivariate mixed model analyses were performed to identify whether age, sex, CVD-subtype, lockdown adherence and mental health factors impacted changes in physical (in)activity. Patients were 67 (interquartile range: 60–73) years and primarily diagnosed with coronary artery disease. Time spent in MVPA was 143 min/day (95% confidence interval (CI) 137; 148) at baseline. Female sex, heart-failure, fear of COVID-19 infection and limited possibilities for physical activity were independently associated with lower levels of MVPA across time. After adjusting for confounders, overall MVPA did not change. ST was 567 (95% CI 555; 578) min/day at baseline. Lack of social contact, limited possibilities for physical activity and younger age were independently associated with higher levels of ST. After adjusting for confounders, ST progressively increased following 8 (Δ+19.7 (95% CI 0.4; 39.0)) and 12 weeks (Δ+25.2 (95% CI 5.4; 47.1) min/day) of lockdown. Despite a phased relaxation of the lockdown, CVD patients progressively increased ST and reported no change in MVPA. This highlights the need to target physical inactivity during and beyond the COVID-19 pandemic.

Association between green space, outdoor leisure time and physical activity

Association between green space and physical activity has ignored housing type, despite people in houses often having access to private green space, whereas their counterparts in apartments mostly do not. Thus, access to green space may have contrasting influences on outdoor leisure time and how much of it is spent doing the types of physical activity known to protect against chronic disease. Adjusted multilevel logistic and zero-truncated negative binomial regressions of the Sax Institute’s 45 and Up Study baseline (2006–2009) tested associations between percentage green space, tree canopy, and open grass within 1.6 km of participants homes with: (i) time outdoors on weekdays or (ii) on weekends; (iii) minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA); and (iv) percentage of MVPA spent in vigorous activities (i.e. activities that make people puff and pant). A 10 % increase in total green space was marginally associated with higher odds of spending >2 h outdoors during weekdays (OR = 1.02, 95 %CI = 1.00–1.04) and >4 h during weekends (OR = 1.03, 1.01–1.05) for house-dwellers only. Levels of total MVPA tended to be higher with more green space (IRR = 1.01, 1.00–1.03) among people in houses, but not those in apartments. MVPA as >30 % vigorous was higher for people in houses with 10 % more green space (OR = 1.03 (1.01–1.06), but not apartments. Similar results to total green space were found for 10 % increases in tree canopy, but not for open grass. Association between open grass and time outdoors on weekends was observed for house-dwellers only (OR = 1.03, 1.00–1.07). More open grass was associated were lower levels of MVPA among people in houses (IRR = 0.97 (0.95−0.99). More open grass was also associated with lower odds of >30 % MVPA being vigorous among house-dwellers (OR = 0.96, 0.92−0.99) and apartment-dwellers (OR = 0.84, 0.75−0.94). Benefits of green space for physical activity tend to be observed among house-dwellers. The general absence of green space benefits for time outdoors and physical activity among apartment-dwellers warrants in-depth exploration.

P114 Screen Time and Physical Activity Patterns Among Preschoolers from Rural, Underserved Communities

<h3>Background</h3> High levels of screen time and low levels of physical activity (PA) are associated with childhood obesity. Sixty minutes or less for daily screen time and at least 180 minutes of PA, including 60 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA), are current recommendations for preschoolers. The home environment, including the physical environment and parent attributes, may impact screen time and PA among children. <h3>Objective</h3> To examine whether screen time and PA levels of preschoolers relate home environment and parental attributes. <h3>Study Design, Setting, Participants</h3> The HEROs (HEalthy EnviROnments) study is a technology-based, interactive intervention to promote healthy eating and PA among preschoolers in rural Colorado. <h3>Measurable Outcomes/Analysis</h3> Data describing the home environment was collected at baseline (Fall 2019/Winter 2020) including demographics, anthropometrics, child and parent screen time, and home electronic and PA equipment availability and access. Accelerometers were used to collect 7 days of objective PA and sedentary time for children and parents. Descriptive statistics and independent samples <i>t</i> tests were conducted. <h3>Results</h3> Parent-child dyads (n = 32; 39.4% Hispanic) were included in the study. Children had low levels of MVPA (mean = 13.3 min, SD=7.5) and none met MVPA recommendations. Further, 60.6% exceeded screen time recommendations. Parents of children who met screen time recommendations were more likely to have a post-high school education (<i>t</i> = 3.063, <i>P</i> = 0.005 than those who did not meet recommendations. No group differences were noted in child or parent BMI, MVPA, sedentary time, the availability of PA equipment, number or type of screens children had access to, or parent screen time. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Screen time is high and physical activity is low among this sample of preschoolers. Given children's high engagement in screen time, future intervention efforts using digital strategies to increase PA could be undertaken.

Promotion of physical activity during weight loss maintenance: A randomized controlled trial.

Behavioral weight loss (BWL) programs are not sufficiently effective at promoting high levels of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), despite the clear health benefits of exercise and the possibility that high levels of MVPA may improve long-term weight loss. This three-arm randomized controlled trial tested the hypotheses that 1) BWL interventions with an intensive focus on exercise would result in higher amounts of MVPA and greater long-term weight loss, compared to standard BWL, and 2) among interventions with an intensive focus on exercise, outcomes would be superior when skills for exercise promotion were taught from an acceptance-based theoretical framework (which fosters willingness to accept discomfort in the service of valued behaviors), versus a traditional behavioral approach. Three hundred and twenty adults with overweight/obesity received group-based BWL for induction of weight loss (Months 1-6) and were randomized to receive one of three interventions for weight loss maintenance (Months 7-18): continued standard behavioral treatment (BT), behavioral treatment with an emphasis on exercise (BT + PA), or acceptance-based treatment with an emphasis on exercise (ABT + PA). MVPA and percent weight loss did not significantly differ by condition at 12 or 18 months. Participants engaging in relatively higher levels of MVPA had greater long-term weight losses compared to participants engaging in lower levels of MVPA. Further clinical innovations are needed so that participants in BWL programs can more readily adopt and maintain the recommended amounts of MVPA. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

Device-measured physical activity and sedentary behaviour in relation to mental wellbeing: An analysis of the 1970 British cohort study

Although physical activity and sedentary behaviour have established associations with mental illness, the extent to which they impact on mental wellbeing is not well understood. We examined associations between moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), sitting time (ST) and mental wellbeing in 4526 participants from the 1970 British Cohort Study (UK) in the age 46 survey (2016–18). MVPA and ST were measured using a thigh mounted accelerometer device (activPAL 3 micro) worn continuously for 7 days and participants completed the 14-item Warwick-Edinburg Mental Wellbeing Scale (WEMWBS) to assess mental wellbeing. In linear regression models MVPA (per hr) was associated with an additional 0.57 points on the WEMWBS (95% CI 0.03–1.12) regardless of gender, wear time, education, socioeconomic status, smoking, body mass index, disability and psychological distress. ST was not associated with WEMWBS in the adjusted models (B = -0.11, −0.23, 0.02). In MVPA stratified analyses, ST showed a linear trend with WEMBS in participants with low levels of MVPA but not in medium and high MVPA categories. In this large, nationally representative cohort, device-measured MVPA showed an association with higher mental wellbeing whilst ST was only associated with reduced mental wellbeing in participants with low levels of MVPA. Our main limitation was the cross-sectional design which precludes any inference of direction of association or causality. Nevertheless, interventions to promote MVPA may be an effective public health policy to promote mental wellbeing. Further investigation of the effect different sitting behaviours has on mental wellbeing is warranted.

Identifying patterns of movement behaviours in relation to depressive symptoms during adolescence: A latent profile analysis approach

Movement behaviour guideline adherence has been associated with lower depressive symptoms during adolescence, yet no studies have used person-centered approaches to examine this relationship. The purpose of the present study was to identify whether unique adolescent movement behaviour profiles exist, evaluate predictors of profile membership, and determine whether profile membership was associated with differences in depressive symptoms cross sectionally and longitudinally. This study involved secondary analysis of the public-use data from Wave 1 and Wave 2 of the National Study of Adolescent Health. Adolescents (N = 6436; 48% male) in grades 7 to 12 (Mage = 16.03 ± 1.75) completed measures to assess moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), recreational screen time (ST), and sleep – collectively known as movement behaviours – and depressive symptoms. Latent profile analysis identified four profiles that had similar sleep patterns and were thus characterized by different levels of MVPA and ST: high MVPA/low ST (29%), high MVPA/high ST (4%), low MVPA/low ST (53%), and low MVPA/high ST (14%). Several socio-demographic variables were found to influence profile membership. After adjusting for covariates, findings revealed depressive symptoms were lowest among the high MVPA/low ST profile and this trend was evident one year later. Engaging in high levels of either MVPA or ST alone did not provide additive benefits for depressive symptoms compared to those who engaged in low levels of both MVPA and ST. These findings suggest intervention efforts should take an integrative approach to improve mental health outcomes among adolescents by considering each of the movement behaviours concurrently.

The Contribution of Physical Education to Physical Activity Within a Comprehensive School Health Promotion Program

ABSTRACT Purpose: Little is known about the role of physical education (PE) in a school health promotion model, particularly where wellness is placed at the forefront. The purpose of this study was to understand how PE contributes to the overall amount of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) that children receive in a school recognized for health promotion. Methods: As part of an in-depth case study, participants in grades 4–8 (N = 105) wore ActiGraph wGT3X+ accelerometers over 7 days to assess activity levels. Data were scored using ActiLife software. Using SPSS statistics software, students were grouped into low, moderate, and high activity through calculating tertile splits of average daily MVPA. Two 2 × 2 ANCOVA (sex x activity level) tests were conducted to determine the ratio of MVPA in PE to school and daily MVPA, controlling for age. Results: Participants accrued 8 min MVPA on average during PE with differences among low (6.4 ± 2.5), moderate (8.3 ± 3.7), and highly active participants (10.1 ± 4.0). ANCOVA analyses revealed non-significant interactions between sex and activity level explaining variance in contribution of PE to school MVPA (F(2, 99) = .235, p = .791, partial ŋ2 = .005) and daily MVPA (F(2, 99) = .299, p = .742, partial ŋ2 = .006), but significant main effects between high and low activity for daily MVPA were observed F(2, 99) = 5.118 p = .008, partial ŋ2 = .094. Conclusions: PE remains a priority in supporting children’s PA, particularly for those least active. Despite relatively low levels of MVPA, findings provide rationale for policy change supporting more frequent PE in schools.

Physical behaviors and chronotype in people with type 2 diabetes

IntroductionPrevious investigations have suggested that evening chronotypes may be more susceptible to obesity-related metabolic alterations. However, whether device-measured physical behaviors differ by chronotype in those with type 2 diabetes (T2DM)...

Parental Depression Predicts Child Body Mass via Parental Support Provision, Child Support Receipt, and Child Physical Activity: Findings From Parent/Caregiver-Child Dyads.

ObjectiveAlthough there is substantial evidence corroborating the within-individual associations between depression, social support, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and body mass, much less is known about across-individual associations. This study investigated the indirect associations between parental depression and objectively measured body mass in children. In particular, it was hypothesized that higher levels of parental depression (measured at Time 1, T1) would explain higher levels of child body mass in children (assessed at Time 2, T2), via three mediators, namely parental reports of provision of MVPA support (T1), child reports of receipt of MVPA support (T1), and child MVPA (T2).Design:Parent–child dyads provided self-reports twice, at baseline (T1) and 7- to 8-month follow-up (T2). A total of 879 dyads were enrolled (1,758 individuals; 5- to 11-year-old children, 52.4% girls, 83.2% mothers). Body weight and height were measured objectively. Manifest path analyses were performed to test the indirect effects.ResultsAnalyses corroborated the assumed indirect effects: high levels of depression in parents (T1) were indirectly associated with high levels of body mass in children (T2), via three mediators: low levels of parental support provision (T1), low levels of child support receipt (T1), and low levels of child MVPA (T2). The alternative models assuming that either parental support provision or child support receipt can be excluded as the mediators yelded a poor model-data fit. The hypothesized mediation effects were corroborated when controlling for the baseline levels of parental and child MVPA and body mass.ConclusionThe findings confirm complex across-individual effects of parental depression on high levels of body mass in children. Parental mental health may contribute to the childhood obesity epidemic.