Lower Level Of Dependence Research Articles

Morphine self-administration is inhibited by the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine and the anti-inflammatory ibudilast; an effect enhanced by their co-administration.

The treatment of opioid addiction mainly involves the medical administration of methadone or other opioids, aimed at gradually reducing dependence and, consequently, the need for illicit opioid procurement. Thus, initiating opioid maintenance therapy with a lower level of dependence would be advantageous. There is compelling evidence indicating that opioids induce brain oxidative stress and associated glial activation, resulting in the dysregulation of glutamatergic homeostasis, which perpetuates drug intake. The present study aimed to determine whether inhibiting oxidative stress and/or neuroinflammation reduces morphine self-administration in an animal model of opioid dependence. Morphine dependence, assessed as voluntary morphine self-administration, was evaluated in Wistar-derived UChB rats. Following an extended period of morphine self-administration, animals were administered either the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC; 40 mg/kg/day), the anti-inflammatory ibudilast (7.5 mg/kg/day) or the combination of both agents. Oxidative stress and neuroinflammation were evaluated in the hippocampus, a region involved in drug recall that feeds into the nucleus accumbens, where the levels of the glutamate transporters GLT-1 and xCT were further assessed. Daily administration of either NAC or ibudilast led to a mild reduction in voluntary morphine intake, while the co-administration of both therapeutic agents resulted in a marked inhibition (-57%) of morphine self-administration. The administration of NAC or ibudilast markedly reduced both the oxidative stress induced by chronic morphine intake and the activation of microglia and astrocytes in the hippocampus. However, only the combined administration of NAC + ibudilast was able to restore the normal levels of the glutamate transporter GLT-1 in the nucleus accumbens. Separate or joint administration of an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent reduced voluntary opioid intake, which could have translational value for the treatment of opioid use disorders, particularly in settings where the continued maintenance of oral opioids is a therapeutic option.

Variables that Influence in Management of the Cikapundung Sub-Watershed

The Cikapundung Sub-Watershed is a source of clean water for people living in Bandung City. The Cikapundung Sub-Watershed has several main problems, such as land change, landslides, and land damage. Many efforts have been made to improve the conditions of the Cikapundung sub-district by the government, the community, and Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs). However, these efforts have not achieved satisfactory results. This occurs due to the inaccuracy of handling by each stakeholder regarding the variables that influence the conditions of the Cikapundung sub-district. This research aims to determine the variables that have the most influence on the management of the Cikapundung Sub-Watershed. This research uses Micmac analysis to identify the most influential variables within an ecosystem. From the research results, it appears that whether indirect influence or indirect influence, the variables of Society Participation and Local Wisdom are the most influential variables in the management of the Cikapundung sub-basin. These two variables are in a position that has a strong influence on other variables and has a low level of dependence on other variables.

Comparing the Fagerström Test and Heaviness of Smoking Index in Predicting Smoking Abstinence in Cancer Patients.

People with cancer who smoke exhibit greater cigarette dependence than people without cancer who smoke, a crucial factor in smoking cessation. Research is limited on the predictive potential of the Fagerström Test for Cigarette Dependence (FTCD) and the Heaviness of Smoking Index (HSI) on smoking abstinence in cancer patients undergoing smoking cessation treatment. We analyzed data from 5934 cancer patients seeking smoking cessation treatment at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (female 52.08%; Mean age = 55.52, SD = 11.17). We evaluated the predictive accuracy of FTCD and HSI on abstinence at 3, 6, and 9 months from the first consultation, and assessed the concordance between these tools in measuring cigarette dependence using Cohen's kappa test and different correlation and regression models. We also analyzed variations across sex at birth and race/ethnicity. Both the FTCD and the HSI demonstrated comparable predictive accuracy for smoking cessation at all follow-ups, with neither showing high accuracy (Areas Under the Curve scores around 0.6). Concordance analysis revealed substantial agreement between FTCD and HSI scores (Cohen's kappa ~ 0.7), particularly at lower levels of dependence. However, this agreement varied by race, with reduced concordance observed in non-Hispanic Blacks. Our results indicate that both the FTCD and HSI are effective tools for predicting smoking cessation in cancer patients, with the HSI offering a less burdensome assessment option. Nevertheless, the findings suggest the need for tailored approaches in assessing cigarette dependence that could predict smoking cessation more accurately, considering racial differences. The burden of assessing cigarette dependence in cancer care settings can be reduced by using the HSI instead of the FTCD. In addition, both instruments could be substantially interchanged and used for meta-analytic studies examining dependence and abstinence, but race/ethnicity should be considered.

Maximum Pseudo-Likelihood Estimation of Copula Models and Moments of Order Statistics

It has been shown that, despite being consistent and in some cases efficient, maximum pseudo-likelihood (MPL) estimation for copula models overestimates the level of dependence, especially for small samples with a low level of dependence. This is especially relevant in finance and insurance applications when data are scarce. We show that the canonical MPL method uses the mean of order statistics, and we propose to use the median or the mode instead. We show that the MPL estimators proposed are consistent and asymptotically normal. In a simulation study, we compare the finite sample performance of the proposed estimators with that of the original MPL and the inversion method estimators based on Kendall’s tau and Spearman’s rho. In our results, the modified MPL estimators, especially the one based on the mode of the order statistics, have a better finite sample performance both in terms of bias and mean square error. An application to general insurance data shows that the level of dependence estimated between different products can vary substantially with the estimation method used.

The Electronic Industry Intra-Industry Trade Analysis in 10 Indonesian Trading Partners

The importance of international trade in the context of refrigerator products makes intra-industry trade intensity (IIT) a very relevant tool. In international trade policymaking, particularly concerning refrigerator products, IIT is essential for understanding global economic dynamics, trade patterns, and trade relations between Indonesia and its trading partners. The use of IIT can provide deep insights into the extent to which there is an exchange of similar or similar but different goods among countries involved in the trade of refrigerator products. Therefore, the focus of the problem in this context is the extent to which the Indonesian refrigerator industry depends on ten trading partners in terms of exports and imports of refrigerator products and how this degree of dependence affects the stability of the sector in the face of changing global trade conditions. Regarding exports, India is the most important trading partner with a significant contribution, indicating a dependency that requires special attention. India has also emerged as an essential supplier, albeit with a lower level of dependence. Diversifying export and import markets should be considered to reduce the risk of dependence on certain trading partners. IIT analysis can also provide insights into the competitiveness of Indonesian products in the international market —improvement of export success also depends on understanding intra-industry trade dynamics.

Analysis Of Financial Performance At Communication And Informatics Department In Bengkulu Selatan District

The performance of government agencies is now in the spotlight with increasing public awareness of the implementation of public administration. Society often views public sector organizations as nests of inefficiency, waste, sources of leakage of funds and institutions that always lose money. The purpose of this study was to determine the financial performance of the Communication and Informatics Service in South Bengkulu Regency.This study uses a quantitative research approach, collecting data using secondary data search, data analysis. The results of this study indicate that the financial performance of the South Bengkulu District Communication and Informatics Service for 2018-2022 based on the degree of decentralization ratio is in the very low category. Then based on the regional financial dependency ratio, experiencing a low level of dependence on the central government in providing transfer funds. Based on the ratio of regional financial independence, experiencing a very low level of independence. Based on the compatibility ratio, namely the ratio of regional financial operating expenditures, experienced a fairly low portion of operating expenditures due to the lack of revenue from the South Bengkulu Regency Communication and Informatics Office.

Potentially inappropriate medication use and associated factors in residents of long-term care facilities: A nationwide cohort study.

Background: Residents in long-term care (LTC) facilities (LTCFs) may have multimorbidity and be unable to self-administer medication. Thus, due to the risk of potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs), epidemiological studies on PIM use and its associated factors should be conducted to ensure safe medication use for residents in LTCFs. Objective: We evaluated PIM use among residents of LTCF and the associated factors in residents of LTCFs in Korea using a nationwide database. Methods: This cross-sectional study used the Korea National Health Insurance Service Senior Cohort (KNHIS-SC) database 2.0 of the National Health Insurance Service (NHIS), a single public insurer in Korea. We analyzed older adults aged ≥65years who were residents of LTCFs in 2018, using the KNHIS-SC database. The 2019 American Geriatrics Society (AGS) Beers criteria was used for PIM identification. The prevalence of PIM use was defined as the proportion of LTCF residents who received PIM prescriptions at least once. We evaluated the frequency of prescriptions, including PIMs, and determined the most frequently used PIMs. We also conducted a multivariable logistic regression analysis to identify the factors associated with PIM use. Results: The prevalence of PIM among the LTCF residents was 81.6%. The prevalence of PIM was 74.9% for LTC grades 1 or 2 (high dependence) and 85.2% for LTC grades 3-5 (low dependence). Quetiapine was the most frequently prescribed PIM, followed by chlorpheniramine. The low dependence level was significantly associated with PIM use (odds ratio of LTC grades 3-5: 1.49, 95% confidence interval 1.32-1.68, reference: LTC grades 1 or 2); moreover, the number of medical institutions visited, and medications emerged as primary influencing factors. Conclusion: Most LTCF residents were vulnerable to PIM exposure. Furthermore, exposure to PIMs is associated with LTC grade. This result highlights the need for comprehensive medication management of LTCF residents.

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES IN EDUCATION AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIAL EMOTIONS: ARE THEY COMPLEMENTARY OR MUTUALLY EXCLUSIVE?

Relevance. In the modern world, due to the rapid development of information technologies and the great attention to this topic in the fi eld of education, social and emotional spheres of human development are fading into the background. This implies the importance of the development of social emotions in the conditions of digitalization of society. However, these processes can also coexist if the educational process is competently built, starting from preschool age. The purpose of the study. The study focuses on the relationship between the active use of digital technologies by older preschool children and the development of social emotions in the learning process. Research methods and sampling. To achieve the purpose of the study, the following methods were used: theoretical (analysis of psychological and educational literature); empirical (test “Diagnostics of children’s abilities to partner dialogue” by A.M. Shchetinina, which allows to assess the level of social emotions in children; questionnaire for parents to determine computer addiction in older preschoolers by V.G. Pisarev, which allows to assess the level of dependence in children from information technology as one of the main reasons for the low level of socialization); mathematical, and statistical methods. The study involved  children of senior preschool age. The main results. In order to obtain quantitative results, four levels of socialization of children were identifi ed at the fi rst stage: high, above average, medium and low. During the diagnosis, it was found that, in general, the overall level of socialization in children is average. In order to obtain quantitative results at the second stage, a questionnaire was created on the Google Form platform based on the V.G. Pisarev’s test. Indicators of severity are: - points – low level of dependence, - points – average level of dependence, - points – high level of dependence. Conclusion. The pilot study showed that the level of social emotions in most children is at an average level, while the severity of computer dependence on the responses of parents in most children is represented at a high level. This suggests the need to create better conditions for children to interact with peers and adults outside the information space. The research was carried out at the expense of a grant from the Russian Science

SOCIO-PSYCHOLOGICAL ADAPTATION IN ADOLESCENTS WITH INTERNET-DEPENDENT BEHAVIOR

Relevance. The problem of a modern teenager is in building relationships with society and forming his adaptation in it. Digital technologies are changing the structure of a teenager’s activity and his personal development. The purpose of this study was to determine the stable Internet-dependent behavior in adolescents as a factor infl uencing socio-psychological adaptation. Research methods and sampling. S. Chen’s Internet Addiction Scale (CTAS) and the Questionnaire of socio-psychological adaptation, SPA. K. Rogers in the adaptation by A.K. Ositsky were used. The study was carried out on the basis of MOBU Secondary schools No.  and No.  in Sochi. The mathematical analysis was carried out on a sample of  people, aged - years. Main results show that of the  participants, .% have a tendency to develop Internet-dependent behavior, % belong to the group of formed Internet-dependent behavior, .% have a low level of dependence. According to the results of Spearman’s rank correlation, statistically significant relationships were determined. () Internet-dependent behavior has an impact on interaction with other people; joint activity also indicates an increase in the rejection of the other with the recognition of uniqueness and shortcomings. () Intrapersonal problems are interrelated with the rejection of others, which affects self-acceptance, refl ections on the mental health of the individual and adaptation to the requirements of society. () The scale of intrapersonal and health-related problems and the infl uence of the Internet space on the establishment of the daily routine are interrelated with the individual’s predisposition to the external locus of control, when the tendency to attribute the causes of what is happening to external factors dominates. They are also interrelated with the level of adaptation of a teenager to existence in society. The level of adaptation is reduced. Conclusion. The results obtained indicate that stable Internet-dependent behavior is a factor infl uencing socio- psychological adaptation. In this regard, teenager prefers to spend more time in the space where experiencing fewer diffi culties is expexted.

MODELLING DIVERSIFICATION EFFECT OF COMBINING TRADITIONAL AND ALTERNATIVE INVESTMENTS

The dynamic development of the market of alternative assets in the last decade opens up new opportunities for investors. This development process creates new problems related to the optimal allocation of the investor's capital between traditional and alternative assets. The article examines the economic problem of building an optimal investment portfolio by the method of specification of Markowitz's theoretical approach to the combination of these two groups of assets. As traditional assets, the paper analyzes index investments in three main US indices: S&P400, S&P500, and S&P600. These three indices represent a complete cross-section of the economy of the United States of America, as they characterize different market segments depending on capitalization. Index investments in seven main alternative indices are considered as alternative investments. This sample includes both narrow-profile indices related to investing in individual commodities, such as precious metals or oil, and related to real estate and private equity. The initial stage of the research involves a correlation analysis applied to the statistical series of index returns for the period 2015-2019. The analysis indicated the heterogeneity of the correlation dependence within the studied group. Traditional assets demonstrate a relatively high dependency of returns on each other. At the same time, alternative assets show a low level of dependence both among themselves and with traditional assets. Within the application of the Markowitz approach, the task of finding the optimal portfolio was structured into the construction and analysis of three efficient sets. The first two effective sets, corresponding to traditional and alternative assets, visualize the potential of the combination of assets in terms of risk minimization. On this basis, an optimal portfolio is built from a combination of alternative and traditional assets. Comparative analysis of optimal portfolios demonstrated that risk indicators for the combined portfolio have better values. The K-ratio indicator showed a greater degree of stability of the profitability of the combined portfolio with minimal risk.

Heaviness of smoking index in menthol and non-menthol smokers

Background It has been hypothesized that menthol in cigarettes increases dependence. Several studies suggest that menthol and non-menthol smokers have similar or lower levels of dependence, but those studies are not without limitations. The Heaviness of Smoking Index (HSI) is a widely accepted, validated measure of cigarette dependence. Objectives This report aims to provide further evidence regarding dependence among menthol and non-menthol smokers, as indicated by daily smoking and as measured by the HSI. Methods Survey data from 27,131 adult smokers were analyzed to compare the percent of menthol and non-menthol smokers who are daily smokers, and the percentage who are low or high HSI dependence. Logistic regressions were also conducted to determine if menthol use predicts daily smoking, and low or high dependence after controlling for demographic differences. Results Comparisons among weighted samples of adult smokers demonstrate that menthol smokers were consistently more likely to be non-daily smokers, more likely to be in the low dependence category, and less likely to be in the high dependence category on the HSI as compared to non-menthol smokers. Logistic regression confirmed that when controlling for age, gender, race/ethnicity, and education, relative to non-menthol smokers, menthol smokers had no difference in odds of being in the low dependence HSI category and significantly lower odds of being a daily smoker, and of being in the high dependence category. Conclusions These analyses support the conclusion that, based on the HSI, menthol smokers are not more cigarette dependent than non-menthol smokers, and may be less dependent.

Ecological Model Explaining the Psychosocial Adaptation to COVID-19.

The main objective of this study is to understand and characterize the adoption of an ecological perspective and the physical, psychological, social, and contextual health factors that may influence the adjustment to and mental health experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study included 5479 participants, of which 3710 were female (67.7%), aged between 18 and 90 years old, with a mean age of 48.57 years (SD = 14.29), were considered three age groups: 21.5% up to 35 years old, 61.8% between 36 and 64 years old, and 16.7% 65 years old or more. The mental health and individual adjustment to the COVID-19 situation are explained by socio-demographic factors, health-related factors, lifestyles, attitudes and behaviors, lockdown experience, and place of residence. A better adaptation and mental health are observed among men, people with a higher educational level, people with lower sadness, nervousness, and burnout, and people whose health situation did not worsen with the pandemic. In terms of lifestyle, a better adaptation is related to a better quality of sleep, fewer nightmares, a higher practice of physical activity, and less consumption of processed foods and sweets. A better adaptation is also associated with lower levels of dependence on alcohol, TV, and SN (social networks) and a more positive experience of the lockdown imposed by the pandemic. Gender and age group differences in the described context were studied. Promoting a better adjustment and improved mental health when dealing with the COVID-19 requires an ecological understanding and multitarget interventions, targeting physical, mental, and social health together with the contextual environment.

Individual and Province-level Determinants of Unemployed NEET as Young People’s Productivity Indicator in Indonesia During 2020: A Multilevel Analysis Approach

Nowadays, employment has become one of the focus of attention for developing countries, including Indonesia. This is one of the urgencies that must be addressed considering that the Indonesian population is entering the demographic divident period. Success in achieving the demographic divident is very dependent on the employment conditions of young people in realizing a low level of dependence. However, obstacles in terms of education and employment are still experienced by youth which can be seen from the percentage of NEET from Year-on-Year (YoY), especially in 2020 it is exacerbated by Covid-19 pandemic. Based on these problems, it is necessary to research NEET in Indonesia in 2020. This study uses 2020 National Labor Force Survey (Sakernas) data which is analyzed by using multilevel binary logistic regression analysis. The unemployed status of young NEETs is influenced by gender, age, marital status, highest education completed, disability status, classification of the area of residence, and recent migrant status. There is a multilevel effect in the NEET assessment of young people as evidenced by the influence of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and Human Development Index (HDI). The research results are expected to be used as a reference in making policies to optimizing the mismatch program on the pre-employment card to bridge the young age of job seekers with available job opportunities and based on the province-level variable, the province government are expected to maximize the province-level variables that affect the tendency of NEETs to remain active in the labor market. that are targeted towards the NEET problem in Indonesia.

CFRP drilling process control based on spindle power consumption from real production data in the aircraft industry

Ongoing challenges in advanced manufacturing highlight the need of improved control of the production system, higher production speed, lower tool wear, top quality standards together with reduced material waste to minimize associated costs, time and environmental footprint. The organization of production resources through the integration of data along the value chain using Information Technologies is required to achieve these challenges. Thus, the emergence of the fourth industry revolution brings with it the organization of productive resources through computational intelligence and connectivity. This research seeks to analyze the spindle power consumption in Carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer composites (CFRPs) drilling operations as a process control indicator in terms of tool wear. This signal stands out among others available because it can be obtained in real time, with high quality and through a non-intrusive methodology. In particular, the study is framed in the real production system in factories of Airbus. The industrial process data were directly collected from the manufacturing plant in Getafe (in the Madrid-Spain region) and correspond to more than 3000 holes drilled with diamond-coated tungsten carbide tools. The variability of machining conditions in the aeronautical component drilling process and inherent noise level of signals obtained in industrial environments required the development of a data wrangling methodology to structure and clean the information. As a result, different magnitudes were obtained from spindle power consumption signal related to tool wear with low levels of dependence on drilling conditions. The conclusions of this work are directly applicable to the control of industrial production systems within the framework of Industry 4.0, searching new improvement opportunities through Data analytics and Artificial Intelligence such as tool breakage detection or the optimization of cycle times.

Survival strategies of producers involved in short food supply chains following the outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic: A Hungarian case-study.

Survival strategies of producers involved in short food supply chains following the outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic: A Hungarian case-study.

Tingkat Ketergantungan Gadget Pada Anak Usia Sekolah di Kota Bukittinggi

<p><strong><em>Background</em></strong><em>:</em> <em>The use of gadgets is one of the shortcuts for parents in accompanying their children as caregivers. At the age of adolescence in the pandemic era, it becomes a primary need to use gadgets in the online learning process, but the health impacts, including anemia, decreased role functions, decreased behavioral control, and sexual behavior deviations need to be a concern. Purpose:This study aims to determine the distribution of gadget addiction. <strong>Methods</strong>: This uses descriptive analytic. The research sample was teenagers who were taken by multistage random sampling and who met the inclusion criteria were 50 respondents. Data collection in this study used an instrument using the Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS) questionnaire. Results: results showed most gadget addiction is dependence level Low (46%), the level of dependence moderate (34%), very low level of dependence (18%), high dependency level (2%). <strong>Conclusion:</strong> There is a need for holistic nursing interventions for individuals and families with gadget addiction based on the level of dependence, it takes the participation of schools and the community in providing education on the negative impact of gadget addiction</em>.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Keywords: </strong><em>Addiction, Gadget, Adolescents</em></p>

Assessment of functional recovery after cranioplasty

Background: Cranioplasty is done after decompressive craniectomy surgeries either for cosmetic reasons or to afford protection against the development of the syndrome of the trephined which is deterioration after cranial decompression procedures. The aim of the study was to study functional recovery after cranioplasty based on improvement of Barthel activities of daily living (ADL) score.Methods: This was a prospective study done over 6 months period, December 2020 to May 2021. The functional recovery following cranioplasty was assessed based on improvement in Barthel ADL score. Pre-operative and post-operative Barthel ADL score after 3 months after cranioplasty of patients are found out. The change in Barthel score is analyzed and significance found out using paired t test.Results: In this study, 62 patients were included. 42 patients had improvement of ADL score. 14 patients had no change and 6 patients had worsening of score. After cranioplasty, ADL score has improved and it was statistically significant (p<0.001). Also, patients with low level of dependency (level 1, 2 and 3) have decreased in number and patients with higher levels of dependency (level 4 and 5) have increased in number after the surgery, suggesting that there is shift of patients from lower level of dependency to higher levels.Conclusions: Cranioplasty seems to offer patients clear benefits in terms of neurological improvement in many cognitive domains as well as in quality of life. Hence, cranioplasty advocated for functional/neurological recovery rather than cosmetic reasons.

A Comprehensive Evaluation of Latest GPM IMERG V06 Early, Late and Final Precipitation Products across China

This study evaluated the performance of the early, late and final runs of IMERG version 06 precipitation products at various spatial and temporal scales in China from 2008 to 2017, against observations from 696 rain gauges. The results suggest that the three IMERG products can well reproduce the spatial patterns of precipitation, but exhibit a gradual decrease in the accuracy from the southeast to the northwest of China. Overall, the three runs show better performances in the eastern humid basins than the western arid basins. Compared to the early and late runs, the final run shows an improvement in the performance of precipitation estimation in terms of correlation coefficient, Kling–Gupta Efficiency and root mean square error at both daily and monthly scales. The three runs show similar daily precipitation detection capability over China. The biases of the three runs show a significantly positive (p < 0.01) correlation with elevation, with higher accuracy observed with an increase in elevation. However, the categorical metrics exhibit low levels of dependency on elevation, except for the probability of detection. Over China and major river basins, the three products underestimate the frequency of no/tiny rain events (P < 0.1 mm/day) but overestimate the frequency of light rain events (0.1 ≤ P < 10 mm/day). The three products converge with ground-based observation with regard to the frequency of rainstorm (P ≥ 50 mm/day) in the southern part of China. The revealed uncertainties associated with the IMERG products suggests that sustaining efforts are needed to improve their retrieval algorithms in the future.

Gadget’s Addiction Scale: An Adolescents Analytic Survey

Background –The use of gadgets among adolescents has some advantages. There has been a very significant increase in the use of cell phones, especially among teenagers. Gadget addiction will have an impact on social relationships, violent behavior,and mental health disorders.
 Purpose - This study aims to determine the characteristics of gadget and to determine the frequency distribution of gadget dependency levels.
 Design / methodology / approach – This study was using descriptive analytic. Samples in this study were adolescents and taken by multi-stage random sampling after being grouped by region. Sample that met the inclusion criteria was 86 respondents. Data collection in this study used an instrument in the form of a Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS) questionnaire.
 Findings - The results showed that the highest level of gadget’s addiction in adolescents was low (34.9%), moderate dependence (33.7%), while for high dependence it was 14% and very high dependency 4.7%. 51.7% of male adolescents showed moderate gadget dependence symptoms and 56.7% of female adolescents showed low levels of dependence.
 Research limitations – This study has limitations, namely that the implementation was planned face-to-face due to the Covid-19 pandemic conditions, the implementation of the research was carried out through the network.
 Originality / value - This study produces data that is not yet available in the city of Bukittinggi regarding the level of gadget dependence on adolescents in 2020, and can be the basis for further intervention in groups of children with a level of gadget dependence, both for schools, as well as on families and individuals.

Tobacco and alcohol use and dependence among workers in a fish processing factory in coastal Karnataka

Background: Tobacco and alcohol consumption are considered as major public health problems in India. Coastal areas have a considerable number of people engaged in fishing. The strenuous nature of the job, long and irregular working hours may lead to an increased rate of tobacco and alcohol consumption. Therefore, it becomes essential to assess the prevalence of tobacco and alcohol use and factors associated with it among fish factory workers.Methods: A cross-sectional study carried out in a fish processing factory conducted for 12 months. All employees were included. A semi-structured pre-tested interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data about the socio-demographic factors and use of tobacco and Alcohol. The level of dependence was assessed by Fagerstrom addiction and alcohol use disorders identification test. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 15. Results were expressed in terms of proportions. Chi-square test and logistic regression were performed to find an association between socio-demographic factors and tobacco and alcohol use.Results: Among 240 individuals, 90% were males. Mean age was 28.75±9.3 years. 40% were migrants. Almost 60% had a monthly income of ≤6500 Rs. Consumption of tobacco was more common (40.4%) as compared to alcohol (32.1%). When assessed for dependence, 49.0% of tobacco had a moderate level of dependence. 72.7% of alcohol users had a low level of dependence. Unmarried, migrant young males were at higher risk of dependence.Conclusions: Tobacco and alcohol use and their dependence is alarming. There is an urgent need to address this problem by education and also explore other feasible interventions.