Low Resource Levels Research Articles

Welcoming Cities/Unwelcoming States: Integration, Segregation and Suburban Sprawl in the U.S. South

This paper examines the spread of the new immigrant “ethnoburb” across Georgia. Gwinnett County is one of the most diverse counties due to immigration in the American South, and a top destination for immigrants, nationally. The emergence of immigrant-majority towns in suburban areas with low levels of resources for non-English speaking residents has created challenges at competing scales of local and state governance. Suburbs near Atlanta’s Buford Highway, where many immigrants live and work, experienced greater intensity of ICE enforcement due to policy shifts in the post-2016 Presidential Administration, as well as mixed forms of “welcome” from differently sized municipalities.

Study on the influence degree of marine ranching on the high-quality development of coastal cities

As an innovative approach to fisheries, marine ranching is subtly transforming the development patterns of coastal cities through the enhancement of fisheries, the professional transition of fishermen, and the restoration of the marine environment. Utilizing the entropy method and the staggered difference-in-differences (DID) method, this paper calculated the high-quality development index (HQDI) of 53 coastal cities from 2010 to 2021 and assessed the influence degree of marine ranching on coastal cities' HQDI. The key findings were as follows. Firstly, marine ranching generally improved the HQDI of coastal cities. Coastal cities with national marine ranching demonstration zones achieved an average increase of approximately 0.83 % in their HQDI compared to those without. Secondly, through the effect of carbon emission reduction, marine ranching contributed to an average increase of approximately 0.84 % in the HQDI. However, the green technology innovation and industrial structure upgrading effects have yet to materialize. Thirdly, this impact varied among coastal cities. When the number of marine ranching exceeded three, the average increase of HQDI was approximately 1.82 %. This effect was pronounced in higher-tier cities, with first-tier cities experiencing an average increase of 1.26 %, second-tier cities an average increase of 1.19 %, and third-tier cities an average increase of 2.18 %. Furthermore, this effect was significant in northern coastal cities, where the average increase was approximately 0.98 %. In coastal cities with low levels of manpower and material resources, this effect was also pronounced, with the HQDI increasing by an average of about 1.01 % and 0.98 %, respectively. Lastly, the spatial econometric analysis revealed a positive spatial spillover effect. This paper evaluated the effectiveness of China's recent marine ranching construction, providing a theoretical and empirical foundation for authorities to formulate targeted policies and measures.

Evolutionary Agroecology: individual fitness, population yield and resource availability in wheat

Evolutionary Agroecology theory predicts that the relationship between population yield and individual fitness among genotypes of a crop species is unimodal, and experimental evidence supports this. We test the theory further by investigating the role of resource availability on this relationship by comparing growth and reproductive output of three old and three modern cultivars of wheat (Triticum aestivum) in mixture and monocultures grown at three resource levels. The relationship between population grain yield and individual fitness (mean individual grain yield in mixture) of genotypes was resource-dependent in a way that is consistent with the theory: when resource levels are low and limit individual growth directly, individual and population yield are positively correlated. When resource levels are high and the growth of individual plants is limited by competition for these resources, the relationship between individual fitness and population yield becomes negative. There was evidence for the unimodal relationship at the intermediate resource level. Old cultivars had higher fitness than newer cultivars at all three resource levels. Old cultivars had higher yields at low resource levels, but the newer cultivars yielded more when resource levels were high. Evaluating individual fitness and population yield in different environments may help wheat breeders to develop locally adapted, cooperative cultivars to increase production across large wheat-producing areas.

Role Supervisor To Formation Competence Professional Teacher

Looking at the problematic conditions of a school institution in this millennial era, it can still be found that several teaching staff or teachers have problems and shortcomings in teaching activities in school institutions. This is related to a teaching method or system in the classroom and there are still many school institutions that still have low levels of human resources in teaching at these institutions. Of course, from this incident, a school institution requires supervisors to supervise teachers or develop guides, and motivate them so that the quality of teachers improves much better and makes them professional teaching staff. Thus, this research aims to answer questions regarding the role of supervisors in the formation of teachers' professional competence. This research uses qualitative research methods with a descriptive nature. The data collection used is documentation sourced from literature, articles, books, and other scientific papers that are relevant and related to the theme in the title. The data analysis technique is obtained through data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion. Meanwhile, the research results explain as follows: 1) The role of supervisor is needed by teachers to improve the quality of human resources in teaching in school institutions. 2) A teacher's professional skills as a teacher influence students' teaching and learning activities so that they can master learning in depth. 3) supervisors have a significant role in forming teachers' professional competence in teaching in a school institution.

Getting the Most Out of Every Training Day: The Influence of Instructors on Self-Regulated Learning During Firefighter Leadership Courses

Leadership courses in the fire services are highly challenging, and they can seriously exhaust trainees and hamper their self-regulated learning efforts (for example, setting goals, focusing attention, seeking feedback). We theorize that experiences of failure or overload can curtail trainees’ available energy resources on subsequent training days, which, in turn, should affect trainees’ learning efforts. Given instructors’ central role in leadership courses, we hypothesize that supportive and humble instructor behaviors decrease experiences of failure and overload and, thus, increase self-regulated learning. Moreover, we argue that supportive instructor behavior may amplify the positive effects of high energy resources, while humble behavior may alleviate the negative impact of low resource levels. We tested preregistered hypotheses with 118 firefighters participating in two-week leadership courses at a German fire academy. The participants completed short web-based questionnaires before and after classes each day. Multilevel analyses confirmed that perceived daily supportive and humble instructor behavior predicted trainees’ reports of daily self-regulated learning activity. Notably, this effect was independent from positive effects of trainees’ reported energy resources in the morning. Supportive and humble behavior did not moderate the effect of energy resources. Our findings suggest that instructors play a crucial role in facilitating effective learning under challenging training conditions. Furthermore, we offer implications for leaders in fire services, who often conduct trainings with their subordinates.

Edukasi Pentingnya Pendidikan Tinggi Dalam Merespon Kawasan Industri Terpadu Batang

Human resources are a problem that Batang Regency is still experiencing. Many policies have been and are being launched by the regional government and do not have enough impact. Therefore, with the situation experienced, the low level of human resources has become a complicated problem for the Batang Integrated Industrial Zone (KITB). The purpose of this article is to educate students at SMK Ma'arif 01 Limpung to be motivated to continue their studies in order to attend the KITB competition. Batang Regency still has people whose awareness of continuing higher education still needs to be higher. Seeing this situation, researchers carried out educational services for students to continue their higher education to face KITB at SMK Ma'arif NU 01 Limpung. This service method uses a participatory educational approach that partners and coordinates with the target school as the object of service. Evaluation of academic activities at Vocational School Ma'arif NU 01 Limpung shows an increase in student interest in continuing higher education. The visible positive attitude changes indicate that this activity was successful in motivating students towards the importance of higher education.

Role of Aqidah and Moral Teachers in Instilling Sufi Values in Students at SMA Muhammadiyah 5 Yogyakarta

This article was based on the researcher's interview regarding the decline of moral quality at a high school in Yogyakarta (SMA Muhammadiyah 5), which urges the implementation of Sufism values. The objectives of this study are to investigate (1) the learning process of aqidah and morals in SMA Muhammadiyah 5 Yogyakarta, (2) the role of Aqidah and Morals teachers in instilling the values of Tasawuf (Sufism) in students at SMA Muhammadiyah 5 Yogyakarta, and (3) the supporting and inhibiting factors for the Aqidah and Morals teachers in instilling the Tasawuf values on students at SMA Muhammadiyah 5 Yogyakarta. The study was conducted with a qualitative approach for descriptive field research. The research subjects were the school's principal, Aqidah and Morals teachers, and two students. The data collection techniques used were interviews, observations, and documentation, while the data analysis methods used were data reduction, interpretation, and conclusion drawing. The study found that (1) each teacher has different teaching methods, yet always puts good value in every process, (2) the role of the Aqidah and Morals teachers in instilling the values of Tasawuf has been carried out by guiding, facilitating, motivating, and evaluating the students, and (3) the supporting factors are schools with Muhammadiyah identity, school's vision and mission, supporting activities, role of teachers and parents as role models, positive environment, and the support from agencies, and foundations. Meanwhile, the inhibiting factors are the heterogeneous state of students, limited teacher supervision, the student community, which is far from good values, and the educators' and students' low level of human resources.

The Relationship Between Social Media Use, Intolerance of Uncertainty, and Resilience with Anxiety and Depression Symptoms in Cancer Patients.

The COVID-19 pandemic may be considered as a shared source of uncertainty. Prolonged engagement with social media regarding this uncertainty could present as a risk factor for anxiety. We sought to investigate the relationship between intolerance of uncertainty, dimensions of resilience, uncertainty source (pandemic)-related social media use, and the risk of anxiety and depression in patients with cancer. Patients with solid organ cancer (n=113) completed the sociodemographic data form, the Intolerance to Uncertainty Scale-12 (IUS-12), the Resilience Scale for Adults (RSA) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) between May and August 2020. Depression scores were high at 17.7% of the patients while anxiety scores were high at 49.6%. RSA and its dimensions significantly differ between the Anxiety and Depression groups determined by the HADS. Time spent on social media about the COVID-19 pandemic (SMT) was associated with higher HADS-Anxiety scores (r=0.26, p<0.01), whereas higher resilience was associated with lower HADS-Anxiety (r=-0.42, p<0.01) and HADS-Depression (r=-0.52, p<0.01) scores. In addition to high levels of intolerance of uncertainty, low levels of the social resources were found to be a risk factor for depression, and low levels of self- and future-perception dimensions were found to be a risk factor for anxiety, regardless of the patients' social media use. As the factors that fuel uncertainty will always have an affect on cancer patients and cancer care, promoting the patients' resilience resources should be one of the main priorities for cancer patients.

Development of Geogebra-Based Interactive E-Modules to Improve Students' Digital Literacy Abilities

Many students of Ivet University's mathematics education study program think that mathematics courses are very difficult and boring. This happens because students are positioned as listeners in the learning process so that what happens is that the learning process is too monotonous. So far, teaching and learning activities have only used books as a learning resource, an interactive approach will be able to make students more interested in the learning process. One interactive approach in the learning process is using geogebra-based interactive e-modules. The existence of geogebra-based interactive e-modules will further attract students in the learning process and improve students' digital literacy skills. The aim of this research is to produce a geogebra-based interactive e-module to improve students' valid digital literacy skills. The urgency of this research in learning is very important due to the low level of learning resources used in the learning process and the low level of digital literacy for students. The research that will be carried out will have a big impact on student understanding. It is hoped that the development of this interactive e-module will be able to overcome problems that arise in teaching students. It is hoped that limited learning resources can be overcome by having e-modules as a learning medium to prevent misunderstandings arising when teaching integral material. The result of this research is to produce a geogebra-based interactive e-module to improve students' valid digital literacy skills.

Smallholder Farmers Adaptation to Climate Change

Climate change is one of the major threats to agricultural production worldwide, including many parts of Tanzania. However, different rural agricultural systems are affected differently and differ in their adaptive capacities. This paper assessed the adaptive capacity to climate change by farmers engaged in ndiwa and chamazi traditional irrigation farming systems in West Usambara Highlands , Tanzania. The study leading to this paper was conducted in four villages: Shashui, Nkukai, Lunguza and Kivingo in Lushoto District; and it adopted a cross-sectional research design involving a sample of 380 households. Data were collected through household survey, Focus Group Discussions (FGDs), observations and documentary reviews. Undeniably, farmers are not poor of what and how to adapt with climate change: they have some knowledge on what they can do to reduce and contain the adverse impacts of climate change. The results show that whereas ndiwa farmers have moderate adaptive capacity (41.6%), chamazi farmers have low adaptive capacity (23.6%) to climate change impacts. Despite this difference in capacities, both farmers are affected by low financing (ndiwa (14.36%), and chamazi (8.48%) as grants or credits hardly reach small-scale farmers; low access to technical information (ndiwa (15.08%), and chamazi (5.17%)); relative low access to physical infrastructure (ndiwa (5.02%), and chamazi (3.02%)); relative low level of diversity of livelihood (ndiwa (4.56%), and chamazi (4.49%)); and relative low level of human resources (ndiwa (2.51%), and chamazi (2.35%)). The paper recommends that strategies for enabling farmers to become change agents of climate change should build capacity in areas of physical resources such as equipment and infrastructure for irrigation, access to climate information, access to financing opportunities, livelihood diversification, and storage.

Islamic Index Dengan Pendekatan Ekonomi Islam Terhadap Pengaruh Strategi Judgment Dalam Konsep modal kerja dan Pendapatan Pada Masa Pandemi Covid 19 (Studi Kasus : Usaha Ekonomi Rakyat Di Kota Medan)

The COVID-19 pandemic has greatly affected all business sectors. Where the Islamic index data illustrates a graph that is very influential on the ups and downs of economic growth at this time. The Islamic economic approach moves human behavior as social beings who have human relationships with their bonds, the Government is very worried about a spike in dynamics that will affect the capital and income of economic actors globally. This impact is felt on the people's economic business, especially in the city of Medan. The number of people's economic efforts in the city of Medan involving various sectors of food, clothing and services. The purpose of this study was to determine the working capital of the people's economic business during the covid 19 pandemic, to find out the people's economic business income was measured by the judgment strategy during the covid 19 pandemic, and to find out the economic growth of the people's economic business was measured by the Islamic index during the covid 19 pandemic. . The method used in this research is a qualitative and quantitative approach to peer analysis content. This type of paper is using qualitative and quantitative data or mixed methods by collecting secondary data, namely articles, research results, and reference books published in the last 5 years. It will be described by analysis and using data testing methods. From the data available, it is clear that the people's economic business has decreased both in terms of the number of existing business sectors and also in income, this has an impact from the covid 19 pandemic. . The low level of human resources owned by the community and the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic have resulted in the community being unable to meet their daily needs and many business sectors have suffered losses. One other factor is the low purchasing power of the people. With the occurrence of the phenomenon because there are still capital, human resources, business sector finance, government policies that are not yet optimal. The steps taken to overcome this are the factor of strengthening capital in Islamic financial institutions, socialist judgment strategies, and the country's economic growth&#x0D; &#x0D; Keywords: Islamic Index, Judgment Strategy, Working Capital Concept, Income, Covid 19 Pandemic

Impact of educational intervention on breastfeeding practices of mother undergoing institutional delivery

Background: Existing literature shows that education and supportive interventions, both for breast-feeding mothers as well as for healthcare professionals, can increase the proportion of women that use exclusive breast-feeding. Healthy nursing practise can be encouraged by offering mothers the proper guidance from medical professionals and by designing educational programmes that explicitly target women with low levels of education and few resources. Aims was to study the effect of structured educational intervention for improving appropriate breastfeeding practices at 6-8 weeks of birth and to evaluate the factors causing deviation from recommended breastfeeding norms. Methods: An interventional study was done to assess breastfeeding knowledge, attitude and practices of mother undergoing institutional delivery in the Department of Paediatrics, D. Y. Patil University School of Medicine, Nerul, Navi Mumbai. Continuous Data was presented as mean, median, and standard deviation. Categorical data were presented as frequency and percentages. Statistical analysis was carried out with the help of statistical test such as Chi-square test to know the significant relationship and software used was SPSS 26. The level of significance was set at 5%. All p values less than 0.05 was treated as significant. Results: We found that additional educational intervention over and above to routine counselling significantly improved knowledge of not using pre-lacteal feeds in intervention group (p=0.0003), the understanding of importance of colostrum (p=0.001). Most importantly, Group 1 had exclusive breastfeeding rate of 74.5% (149/200) as compared to group 2 with additional intervention; who had exclusive breastfeeding rate of 93.5% (187/200) (p&lt;0.0001). Conclusions: We could conclude that educational interventions in a structured format in the postnatal period can increase the exclusive breastfeeding rates and sustain it further lowering the mortality significantly.

Virtual Inertia Control in Autonomous Microgrids via a Cascaded Controller for Battery Energy Storage Optimized by Firefly Algorithm and a Comparison Study with GA, PSO, ABC, and GWO

Modern (micro) grids host inverter-based generation units for utilizing renewable and sustainable energy resources. Due to the lack of physical inertia and, thus, the low inertia level of inverter-interfaced energy resources, the frequency dynamic is adversely affected, which critically impacts the stability of autonomous microgrids. The idea of virtual inertia control (VIC), assisted by battery energy storage systems (BESSs), has been presented to improve the frequency dynamic in islanded microgrids. This study presents the PD-FOPID cascaded controller for the BESS, a unique method for enhancing the performance of VIC in islanded microgrids. Using the firefly algorithm (FA), the settings of this controller are optimally tuned. This approach is robust to disruptions due to uncertainties in islanded microgrids. In several scenarios, the performance of the suggested approach is compared with those of other control techniques, such as VIC based on an MPC controller, VIC based on a robust H-infinite controller, adaptive VIC, and VIC based on an optimized PI controller. The simulation results in MATLAB show that the suggested methodology in the area of VIC is better than previous methods.

Embracing Diversity in the Educational Landscape: Resource Supply and Inclusive Education in Secondary Schools

Several studies have examined the challenges affecting the smooth implementation of inclusive education; focusing on resource inadequacies. However, these studies primarily relied on descriptive statistics: describing resource availability but not assessing their impact on policy implementation. The current study addresses this gap by analysing the extent of critical resource supply for implementing inclusive education and its influence on policy implementation. A descriptive survey design was adopted, targeting 281 principals from public secondary schools across three educational zones in Cross River State. Stratified proportionate sampling was used in selecting 120 principals as the sample. Data collection involved a structured questionnaire with an acceptable validity and a reliability indices. Descriptive statistics were used to answer the research questions, and Simple and multiple linear regression were used to test the hypotheses at the .05 level of significance. The findings of the study revealed low supply levels of physical, human, and financial resources for implementing inclusive education in secondary schools. The extent of inclusive education implementation was also found to be low. The study further indicated that the supply of physical, human, and financial resources collectively affected policy implementation, with physical resources having a greater impact. These results have practical implications for the government and stakeholders; emphasising the need for adequate physical, human, and financial resources to implement inclusive education in secondary schools.&#x0D; &#x0D; Received: 9 July 2023 / Accepted: 23 August 2023 / Published: 5 September 2023

Policy Implementation of Lembah Putri Beach Tourism Development in Putrapinggan Village, Pangandaran Regency

Implementation of the Policy for Development of the Lembah Putri Beach Tourism Object in Putrapinggan Village, Pangandaran Regency. The aim of this research was to find out the implementation of the Policy for Development of the Lembah Putri Beach Tourism Object and to find out the supporting and inhibiting factors in implementing the policy.This study is analyzed using policy theory that focuses on policy implementation from George C. Edward III which consists of communication indicators, resource indicators, disposition indicators, and bureaucratic structure indicators. In this study using a qualitative descriptive method, namely the type of research that seeks to describe the object or subject under study in accordance with what it is. Data collection techniques in this study were carried out by interviews, observation, literature study, and documentation. As well as data analysis used using memos, coding, and transcripts. Based on the research results obtained, it can be seen that the Implementation of Policy for Development of the Lembah Putri Tourism Object has not been implemented optimally, there are perceived obstacles such as: There is still a low level of human resources who have knowledge in the field of tourism and do not yet have inter-sectoral functions.

An empirical approach to model selection: weak lensing and intrinsic alignments

ABSTRACT In cosmology, we routinely choose between models to describe our data, and can incur biases due to insufficient models or lose constraining power with overly complex models. In this paper, we propose an empirical approach to model selection that explicitly balances parameter bias against model complexity. Our method uses synthetic data to calibrate the relation between bias and the χ2 difference between models. This allows us to interpret χ2 values obtained from real data (even if catalogues are blinded) and choose a model accordingly. We apply our method to the problem of intrinsic alignments – one of the most significant weak lensing systematics, and a major contributor to the error budget in modern lensing surveys. Specifically, we consider the example of the Dark Energy Survey Year 3 (DES Y3), and compare the commonly used non-linear alignment (NLA) and tidal alignment and tidal torque (TATT) models. The models are calibrated against bias in the Ωm–S8 plane. Once noise is accounted for, we find that it is possible to set a threshold Δχ2 that guarantees an analysis using NLA is unbiased at some specified level Nσ and confidence level. By contrast, we find that theoretically defined thresholds (based on, e.g. p-values for χ2) tend to be overly optimistic, and do not reliably rule out cosmological biases up to ∼1–2σ. Considering the real DES Y3 cosmic shear results, based on the reported difference in χ2 from NLA and TATT analyses, we find a roughly $30{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ chance that were NLA to be the fiducial model, the results would be biased (in the Ωm–S8 plane) by more than 0.3σ. More broadly, the method we propose here is simple and general, and requires a relatively low level of resources. We foresee applications to future analyses as a model selection tool in many contexts.

Stressors, Resources, and Strain Associated with Digitization Processes of Medical Staff Working in Neurosurgical and Vascular Surgical Hospital Wards: A Multimethod Study.

The digitization of German hospitals is proceeding continuously, leading to the implementation of new digital technologies, such as electronic health records (EHRs) or other technologies, used for the purpose of medical documentation tasks. Even though the replacement of paper documentation through digitized documentation in general promises to come along with plenty of benefits, the daily utilization of technologies might also lead to stresses and strains among the medical staff, eventually possibly leading to the development of different negative work and health-related outcomes. This study, therefore, aims at identifying persisting digitization-associated stressors and resources among medical hospital staff, examining their influences on different work and health-related outcomes, and finally, identifying potential needs for preventive measures. A quantitative study in the form of an online questionnaire survey was conducted among physicians working in the medical field of neuro- and vascular surgery in German hospitals. The study was carried out between June and October 2022 utilizing an online questionnaire based on several standardized scales, such as the technology acceptance model (TAM) and the technostress model, as well as on several scales from the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire (COPSOQ). The study found medium levels of technostress among the participating physicians (n = 114), as well as low to medium levels of persisting resources. The queried physicians, on average, reported low levels of burnout symptoms, generally described their health status as good, and were mostly satisfied with their job. Despite the prevalence of technostress and the low levels of resources among the surveyed physicians, there is little awareness of the problem of digital stress, and preventive measures have not been widely implemented yet in the clinics, indicating a needs gap and the necessity for the strategic and quality-guided implementation of measures to effectively prevent digital stress from developing.

Awareness on breast cancer among females at Bharatpur metropolitan, Chitwan, Nepal

Introduction: Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in the world and second most common malignancy among Nepalese women with high prevalence. Countries with lower level of resources like Nepal, prevention of breast cancer is more important. The objective of the study was to find out the level of awareness on breast cancer among female at Bharatpur Metropolitan, Nepal. Methods: An analytical cross- sectional study was conducted among 263 female of Bharatpur Metropolitan city, Nepal. Non probability purposive sampling technique was used for data collection. Data was entered and analyzed by using SPSS-20, p-value &lt;0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: The mean±SD of age was found 34.40±11.42 years. Study showed that 61.2% (with 95% CI as 55.32-67.1%) had good awareness on risk factors, 60.5% (with 95% CI as 54.54-66.36) had good awareness on warning sign and symptoms and only 44.5% (with 95% CI as 38.48-50.49) had good awareness on screening and prevention. Overall level of awareness on breast cancer was found poor (50.2%). The mean+SD of overall awareness of the respondents on breast cancer was 15.51±2.84. Statistical significant association was found between overall level of awareness and respondents’ education (p=0.039), husband education (p=0.011) and occupation (p=0.046) of the respondents. Conclusions: More than half of the respondents has poor level of awareness on breast cancer among women in Bharatpur, Chitwan, Nepal. Better health awareness among women in the community, breast cancer screening programmes and national policies to establish effective cancer literacy programs would cause a favorable and positive clinical picture in the country.

Struggling for Life and Livelihood: Tribal Household’s Economic Activities in the Rarh Region of West Bengal, India

Studies on economic activity at the household level to understand the tribal economy today that are based on primary data are limited. This article’s aim is to look into the household economic activities of tribal people in West Bengal’s Rarh region. Most of the source materials were collected from primary surveys. A single base map was compiled and made from a secondary source. By means of a well-structured questionnaire, the primary information is collected. Totally, 150 households located in four regions were surveyed. Around 28 villages and a total of 17 Community Development (CD) blocks have been included in 150 tribal household sample surveys. The size of the landholding (large, medium and small) has been addressed during respondent selection. A stratified purposive random sampling procedure is adopted to achieve the goals and objectives of the research. The study reveals that in regions with high degrees of livelihood resources, household economic activity is strong overall and gradually deteriorates towards regions with very low levels of livelihood resources. Distance migration is a common event in areas with little or no resources for a living. Increasing infrastructure is essential to increasing both farm and non-farm income sources. To help impoverished families diversify their sources of income, agricultural and forest-based industrial units should be promoted, and required skill development initiatives should be put in place.

A Study on the Influence of Green Industrial Policy on Urban Green Development: Based on the Empirical Data of Ecological Industrial Park Pilot Construction

Balancing economic development and ecological protection is a dilemma that requires a solution. The construction of ecological industrial parks is expected to be the key to resolving this situation. Based on panel data from 276 prefecture-level cities in China spanning from 2004 to 2019, this paper presents a multi-period difference-in-differences (DID) model to identify the causal relationship between eco-industrial parks and the development of urban green spaces. The research indicates that the creation of eco-industrial parks can significantly promote the sustainable development of urban areas, with a policy promotion effect of approximately 0.0279. The analysis of the mechanism indicates that the implementation of a green industrial policy can enhance the level of sustainable development in cities. This can be accomplished by promoting eco-friendly innovation, facilitating the optimization of industrial structures, and strengthening environmental regulations. A heterogeneity analysis reveals that the impact of eco-industrial parks on promoting green development is more significant in cities located in the eastern and northern regions, as well as those with abundant human capital and financial resources. Conversely, cities situated in the central and western regions, as well as those with low levels of financial resources and non-human capital, tend to experience limited benefits from policies. The conclusions of this study can provide guidance for urban transformation and facilitate sustainable development. Moreover, these parks can function as case studies and provide valuable reference experiences for countries that have not yet established eco-industrial parks.