Low-intensity Physical Activity Research Articles

Sagittal spinal curvatures of young adults in the context of their self-reported physical activity and somatic parameters

The objective of this study was to assess the thoracic kyphosis (ThKA) and lumbar lordosis (LLA) in healthy young adults and to investigate potential relationships between spinal curvatures, self-reported physical activity (PA), and somatic parameters. The study included 380 female students and 211 male students aged 20.7 ± 1.5 years. The ThKA and LLA were measured using a Plurimeter-V gravity inclinometer. The level of PA was estimated using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. ThKA was lower in women compared to men, while LLA was higher in women than in men (p < 0.0001). Female students reported lower PA than male students (p < 0.001). Female students with ThKA within normal values reported a significantly higher amount of low-intensity PA compared to those with ThKA below or above the norm. A correlation was found between ThKA and body mass index (BMI), body adiposity index (BAI), WC, and fat percentage (rho < 0.2), whereas LLA showed correlations with BMI, BAI, waist circumference, and fat percentage (rho < 0.2). Among male students, a correlation was found between LLA and BMI as well as WC (rho < 0.2). Maintaining a healthy body composition may be instrumental in mitigating the risk of developing spinal curvature abnormalities.

Predictors of physical activity and public safety perception regarding technology adoption for promoting physical activity in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

BackgroundThis study aims to identify the predictors of levels of physical activity among the residents of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Additionally, it seeks to understand the public's safety perception regarding the adoption of technology for promoting physical activity. MethodThis is an analytical cross-sectional study using self-administered web-based survey. A stratified sampling technique was used to select participants from adult population in Jeddah and data collection took place from May 2023 to December 2023. Multivariable logistic regression models were applied to identify predictors of low-intensity (walking steps) and high-intensity physical activities. ResultA total of 462 participated in the study. Gender significantly influenced walking habits, with males more likely to walk than females (AOR = 2.37; 95 % CI: 1.55–3.62; P < 0.001). Smoking status was also a predictor, with smokers more inclined to walk compared to non-smokers (AOR = 2.15; 95 % CI: 1.20–3.82; P = 0.010). High-intensity physical activity strongly correlated with increased walking, especially among those active 3–7 days per week (AOR = 3.03; 95 % CI: 1.91–4.78; P < 0.001). Chronic diseases negatively impacted walking frequency (AOR = 0.57; 95 % CI: 0.34–0.95; P = 0.031). Furthermore, males were likelier to engage in high-intensity activities compared to females (AOR = 1.61; 95 % CI: 1.04–2.50; P = 0.033). Those walking ≥ 10,000 steps weekly were more likely to participate in high-intensity activities (AOR = 3.07; 95 % CI: 1.95–4.82; P < 0.001). Excellent self-rated health was associated with higher participation in such activities (AOR = 2.00; 95 % CI: 1.30–3.06; P = 0.002). Most respondents (84.9 %) felt safe on public walkways, and 78.1 % indicated safety perceptions influenced their walkway use. Technology use was divided, with about half (49.1 %) using apps for tracking physical activity. The majority (90.9 %) supported adding motivational features to the 'Sehhaty' app, and 73.6 % favored financial rewards for walking. However, only 45.5 % believed that public walkways are designed to encourage walking. ConclusionThe study highlights significant predictors of physical activity among general population in Jeddah. The study also revealed the impact of safety perceptions and technology use on physical activity, with strong support for motivational features in health apps. However, there is a need for improved design of public walkways to encourage walking.

Influence of physical exercise on negative emotions in college students: chain mediating role of sleep quality and self-rated health.

Negative emotions in college students are a significant factor affecting mental health, with suicide behaviors caused by negative emotions showing an annual increasing trend. Existing studies suggest that physical exercise is essential to alleviate negative feelings, yet the intrinsic mechanisms by which it affects negative emotions have not been fully revealed. Negative emotions in college students represent a significant issue affecting mental health. This study investigates the relationship between physical exercise and negative emotions among college students, incorporating sleep quality and self-rated health (SRH) as mediators to analyze the pathway mechanism of how physical exercise affects students' negative emotions. A cross-sectional study design was utilized, employing online questionnaires for investigation. The scales included the Physical Activity Rating Scale-3 (PARS-3), the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and the 12-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12), resulting in the collection of 30,475 valid questionnaires, with a validity rate of 91%. Chain mediation tests and Bootstrap methods were applied for effect analysis. The proportions of university students engaged in low, medium, and high levels of physical exercise were 77.6, 13.1, and 9.3%, respectively. The proportions of students experiencing "very severe" levels of stress, anxiety, and depression were 4.5, 10.9, and 3.6%, respectively. Physical exercise was significantly positively correlated with self-rated health (r = 0.194, p < 0.01), significantly negatively correlated with sleep quality (r = -0.035, p < 0.01), and significantly negatively correlated with stress, anxiety, and depression (r = -0.03, p < 0.01; r = -0.058, p < 0.01; r = -0.055, p < 0.01). Sleep quality was significantly negatively correlated with self-rated health (r = -0.242, p < 0.01). Mediation effect testing indicated that sleep quality and self-rated health partially mediated the relationship between physical exercise and negative emotions, with total effect, total direct effect, and total indirect effect values of -1.702, -0.426, and - 1.277, respectively. College students primarily engage in low-intensity physical activity. Sleep quality and self-rated health mediate the impact of physical exercise on students' negative emotions. A certain level of physical activity can directly affect students' emotional states and indirectly influence their negative emotions via sleep and self-rated health. Regular engagement in physical activities primarily positively impacts emotional states by enhancing mood stability and overall emotional resilience.

Relationship between 24-h activity behavior and body fat percentage in preschool children: based on compositional data and isotemporal substitution analysis

ObjectiveThis study aims to elucidate the dose‒response relationship between 24-h activity behaviors and body fat percentage (BFP) in Chinese preschool children using a compositional isotemporal substitution model (ISM).MethodsIn a cross-sectional design, 881 children aged 3–6 from urban and rural areas of Jiangxi Province were sampled. Activity behaviors, including sedentary behavior (SB), low-intensity physical activity (LPA), and moderate- to high-intensity physical activity (MVPA), were measured using accelerometers. Sleep patterns were assessed through questionnaires, and BFP was determined by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). The study employed compositional data analysis (CoDA) and ISM to estimate the impact of reallocating durations of different activity behaviors on BFP.ResultsHigher BFP was found in urban vs. rural children, decreasing with age. Overweight and obesity rates were 10.6% and 7.6%, respectively, above national averages. MVPA and LPA were negatively correlated with BFP, while SB was positively correlated.A 30-min MVPA reduction significantly increased zBFR, particularly in overweight children. Gender-specific nuances revealed that boys' MVPA negatively influenced zBFP (β = -0.155), P < 0.05), while girls' SB positively impacted zBFP (β = 0.636, P < 0.01). Isotemporal simulations emphasized amplified effects in overweight children, with boys' zBFR rising rapidly when MVPA was substituted and girls displaying a notable substitution effect between SB and LPA.ConclusionBFP is closely linked to 24-h activity behaviors, notably in overweight and obese preschoolers. ISM identified MVPA as a critical influencer, with a 30-min reduction substantially increasing BFP. Gender disparities were evident, implicating MVPA in boys and LPA and SB in girls.

Physical Activity Levels and Factors Affecting Them in Hospitalized Children With Leukemia

Background Physical activity promotes healthy physical and mental development in children with leukemia. However, the level of physical activity in hospitalized children with leukemia and the factors that influence it are unknown. Objectives The aims of this study were to understand the physical activity level of hospitalized children with leukemia and to explore the factors influencing it to provide a reference for physical activity assessment and intervention in such children. Methods A total of 133 hospitalized children with leukemia completed a general information questionnaire, the Chinese University of Hong Kong Physical Activity Rating for Children and Youth, and the Children’s Social Anxiety Scale. A cross-sectional study was used to explore the effects of different variables on the children’s activity levels. Results Among the study participants, 44.4% had a low-intensity activity level, 35.3% had a moderate-intensity activity level, and 20.3% had a high-intensity activity level, with a total physical activity rating of 3 (1, 6). Chemotherapy phase (P = .007), screen time (P = .001), and social anxiety (P = .012) were identified as influential factors. Conclusions Our results showed that children with hospitalized leukemia had lower-intensity physical activity levels, especially in the chemotherapy phase of induction remission. Furthermore, screen time and social anxiety had negative effects on the children’s activity levels. Implications for Practice According to the physical activity level of the children and the influencing factors, healthcare professionals should gradually improve children’s mobility and promote their physical and mental health development through guidance and encouragement, and the development of personalized activity intervention programs.

The Correlation between the Level of Physical Activity and the Incidence of Breast Cancer in RSUD Dr. Soetomo Surabaya

Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide. This study aims to investigate and analyze the relationship between the level of physical activity and the occurrence of breast cancer at Dr. Soetomo Hospital Surabaya. The research method employed in this study is correlation analysis. The sample population was obtained from the Cancer Service Development Center (PPLK) at Dr. Soetomo Hospital Surabaya. The results of this study indicate that the majority of the 53 research subjects suffering from breast cancer had low-intensity physical activity since childhood to adolescence, with 41.5% of the total subjects (22 patients). In contrast, only 24.5% (13 patients) and 34% (18 patients) had moderate and high-intensity physical activity, respectively. Statistical analysis using Microsoft Excel version 2019 and SPSS showed that the calculated Chi-square value was greater than the tabulated Chi-square value, thus rejecting the null hypothesis (H0). This indicates a significant relationship between the intensity of physical activity during childhood to adolescence and the occurrence of breast cancer in the research subjects. This study implicates the importance of awareness regarding the significance of physical activity in maintaining breast health, especially from a young age. The practical implication of this research is the necessity of a preventive approach to breast cancer involving the promotion of a healthy lifestyle and regular physical activity, particularly during childhood and adolescence.

Accelerometry-assessed daily physical activity and compliance with recommendations in Spanish children: importance of physical education classes and vigorous intensity.

Physical activity (PA) is associated with numerous health benefits. Vigorous PA (VPA) may have a greater impact on public health than lower-intensity PA. The incorporation of a specific recommendation on VPA could complement and improve existing recommendations for average daily moderate-vigorous PA (MVPA). Physical education classes could have a positive impact on children's adherence to average daily physical activity recommendations. The aim was to investigate the association between MVPA and VPA in children, as well as adherence to recommendations, and obesity and the presence of physical education classes. A cross-sectional study of physical activity was conducted in a sample of 8 and 9-year-old children in Andalusia (Spain). GENEActiv accelerometers were used, placed on the non-dominant wrist for at least eight consecutive days (24-h protocol). School days with and without physical education class, and weekend days were defined. ROC curves were used to calculate the threshold associated with obesity for average daily MVPA and VPA for recommendations. A total of 360 schoolchildren were included in the analyses (184 girls). An average of 7.7 (SD 1.4) valid days per participant were evaluated, with 19.9 (SD 10.5) and 11.4 (SD 5.1) minutes of VPA performed by boys and girls respectively. 25.8% of the participants were classified with central obesity. The optimal threshold determined with ROC analysis was 12.5 and 9.5 minutes of average daily VPA for boys and girls, respectively (RecVPA), and 75 minutes of average daily MVPA for both sexes (RecMVPA). The RecVPA showed stronger association with obesity. On school days with physical education class, compared to days without this class, children showed increased VPA and MVPA engagement and better compliance with recommendations, with smaller differences in adherence according to sex or obesity. On days with physical education class, more physical activity was accumulated at all intensities and greater adherence to the recommendations than on days without this class. VPA had a stronger correlation with the absence of obesity than lower-intensity activity. It was also observed that boys were physically more active and had higher adherence to the recommendations than girls.

Increasing habitual walking in mobility-limited older adults through a personalized GIS-based intervention

Background&#x0D; Ample evidence supports the health benefits of low-intensity physical activity such as walking, which is universally accessible and impacted by neighbourhood environmental factors like green spaces and availability of local amenities.&#x0D; Aim&#x0D; The MOBITEC-Routes project will investigate the effects of an individualized GIS-based walking intervention on physical and psychosocial functioning in mobility-limited older adults.&#x0D; Methods&#x0D; A randomized controlled trial to promote habitual walking will take place. The sample will include 130 inactive, chronically ill, mobility-limited older adults. The intervention will combine professional consultations with map-based planning and behaviour change techniques derived from the Health Action Process Approach.&#x0D; Results&#x0D; Expected outcomes include increase in participants’ daily step count, physical activity levels, physical function, life space mobility, self-efficacy, social participation, and quality of life.&#x0D; Conclusion&#x0D; MOBITEC-Routes is poised to offer new insights into personalized GIS-based interventions’ effectiveness in improving mobility and overall well-being in older adults with mobility impairments.

The Impact of Different Intensities of Physical Activity on Serum Urate and Gout: A Mendelian Randomization Study.

Physical activity is a potential protective factor against gout, but the role of exercise intensity in this context remains unclear. To overcome the limitations of observational studies in causal inference, this study employed a two-sample Mendelian randomization approach to explore the impact of different genetically proxied/predicted intensities of physical activity on serum urate concentration and the incidence of gout. Our data related to physical activity, serum urate, and gout were obtained from the UK Biobank, the Global Urate Genetics Consortium (GUGC), and the FinnGen dataset, respectively. Walking was included as representative of typical low-intensity physical activity in the analysis, and the other two types were moderate and vigorous physical activities. The estimation methods we used included the inverse-variance-weighted (IVW) method, MR-Egger regression, weighted-median method, simple-mode method, and weighted-mode method. Sensitivity analyses involved Rucker's framework, Cochran's Q test, funnel plots, MR-PRESSO outlier correction, and leave-one-out analysis. We found suggestive evidence from the inverse-variance-weighted method that moderate physical activity was a potential factor in reducing the incidence of gout (OR = 0.628, p = 0.034), and this association became more substantial in our subsequent sensitivity analysis (OR = 0.555, p = 0.006). However, we observed no distinctive effects of physical activity on serum urate concentration. In conclusion, our study supports some findings from observational studies and emphasizes the preventive role of moderate physical activity against gout. Given the limitations of the existing datasets, we call for future reexamination and expansion of our findings using new GWAS data.

Self-Reported Physical Activity and Mental Health Among Asylum Seekers in a Refugee Camp.

Global forced displacement has been rising steeply since 2015 as a result of wars and human rights abuses. Forcibly displaced people are often exposed to physical and mental strain, which can cause traumatic experiences and poor mental health. Physical activity has been linked with better mental health, although such evidence is scarce among those populations. The purpose of the study was to examine the relationships of self-reported physical activity and fitness with mental health indices among people residing in a refugee camp in Greece as asylum seekers. Participants were 151 individuals (76 women, 75 men; mean age 28.90y) displaced from their homes for an average of 32.03months. Among them, 67% were from Afghanistan and countries from southwest Asia, and 33% from sub-Saharan African countries. Participants completed self-report measures assessing physical activity, fitness, symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, anxiety, and well-being. High prevalence of mental health disorder symptoms and poor well-being were identified, with women and Asians showing poorer mental health. Symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, and anxiety were related to perceived fitness, but not to self-reported physical activity. Regression analysis showed that perceived fitness (β: 0.34; 95% CI, 0.43 to 1.52) and low-intensity physical activity (β: 0.24; 95% CI, 0.001 to 0.009) significantly positively predicted well-being, showing small to medium effect. The findings provide useful insights regarding the link between physical activity and well-being; nevertheless, further research examining objectively measured physical activity is warranted to complement these data and further explore the associations between physical activity and mental health.

Association of body composition and physical activity with pain and function in knee osteoarthritis patients: a cross-sectional study

ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to delineate disparities between patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA) based on obesity status, investigate the interplay among body composition, physical activity and knee pain/function...

BRIDGING RESEARCH TO PRACTICE: PRO-HOME EMPOWERS CARE PARTNERS TO PROMOTE EXERCISE IN HOME CARE

Abstract Regular physical activity (PA) benefits people of all ages. Mounting scientific evidence shows PA’s health benefits in older persons with chronic conditions. However, there remains a large research-to-practice gap in PA, especially in long-term services and supports (LTSS). Older adults who need help with basic daily activities, such as walking or standing, continue to face barriers at multiple levels of LTSS to become and remain physically active. This symposium will address the much-debated research-to-practice gaps, focusing on frail community-dwelling older adults in the context of a NIA-funded clinical trial. “Promoting Seniors’ Health with Home Care Aides (Pro-Home)” tests the effectiveness of a gentle, low-intensity PA program delivered by home care aides (HCAs) for community-dwelling older adults with nursing-home eligible care needs in real-world home care settings. Pro-Home is innovative because it empowers direct care workers (HCAs) with an easy-to-learn toolkit to deliver the program and keep their older clients motivated. The symposium starts with an overview of Pro-Home (Muramatsu), barriers and facilitators of Pro-Home at multiple levels of the LTSS system (Cruz Madrid), followed by Pro-Home’s critical elements: of research and practice: client-HCA dyad relationships and partnerships with stakeholders (Hu), in-home assessment of motor function in frail older adults (Yin), and inter-professional co-learning (Skowronski). The symposium concludes with a dialogue with the audience to identify actionable policy and practice strategies for building research-to-practice and practice-to-research bridges to build health promotion into LTSS to promote the well-being of older adults with disabilities and their care partners.

Device-measured physical activity and type 2 diabetes mellitus risk.

We investigated how device-measured physical activity (PA) volume (PA energy expenditure [PAEE]) and intensity (fraction of PAEE from moderate-to-vigorous PA [FMVPAEE]) were associated with the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellites (T2DM). This population-based prospective cohort study included 90,044 participants. The primary exposures were PAEE and FMVPAEE. The secondary exposures were energy expenditure exerted during light, moderate, and vigorous PA and their fraction of PAEE. Each 1-SD increase in PAEE was associated with a 17% lower risk of T2DM (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.83, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.78-0.98). Each 1-SD increase in FMVPAEE was associated with a 21% lower incidence of T2DM (HR: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.74-0.83). Achieving the same PA volume (KJ/kg/day) through vigorous PA (HR: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.85-0.91) was more effective in preventing T2DM than moderate PA (HR: 0.97, 95% CI: 0.96-0.98) and light PA (HR: 0.99, 95% CI: 0.98-1.00). A higher PA volume is associated with a lower incidence of T2DM. Achieving the same PA volumes through higher-intensity PA is more effective than low-intensity PA in reducing T2DM incidence.

Accelerometer derived physical activity and subclinical coronary and carotid atherosclerosis: cross-sectional analyses in 22 703 middle-aged men and women in the SCAPIS study

ObjectivesThe aim included investigation of the associations between sedentary (SED), low-intensity physical activity (LIPA), moderate-to-vigorous intensity PA (MVPA) and the prevalence of subclinical atherosclerosis in both coronaries and carotids and...

Dose-response association between physical activity and blood pressure among Chinese adults: a nationwide cross-sectional study.

The aim of this study was to examine the dose-response associations of physical activity with blood pressure (BP) and hypertension risk among Chinese adults. Derived from the national community-based China Hypertension Survey database during 2012--2015, a total of 203 108 residents aged at least 18 years were included. Individual-level physical activity was evaluated using a standardized questionnaire, and minutes of metabolic equivalent tasks per week (MET-min/week) were calculated, integrating domain, intensity, frequency, and duration. Multivariable linear and logistic regressions were used to estimate associations of physical activity with BP and hypertension risk, and restricted cubic spline regressions were performed for their nonlinear dose-response relationships. Overall, the median total physical activity (TPA) was 3213.0 MET-min/week and the prevalence of physical inactivity was 14.8%. TPA was negatively associated with BP. Increasing TPA levels was related to a steep decrease in systolic BP, up to approximately 2500 MET-min/week, with more modest benefits above that level of TPA. Higher levels of domain-specific and intensity-specific physical activity were found to be associated with lower BP levels and hypertension risk, except for the association between vigorous-intensity physical activity and systolic BP. We found that TPA within the range of 2000--4000 MET-min/week, a higher frequency and shorter duration were inversely associated with diastolic BP levels. Total, domain-specific, and intensity-specific physical activity were inversely related to BP levels, respectively, in a dose-response fashion. Of a given amount, higher-frequency, shorter-duration, and lower-intensity physical activity produced more beneficial effects.

Cross-sectional associations between questionnaire-measured physical activity and tissue doppler indices of left ventricular diastolic function

BackgroundThe prevalence of left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction has been increasing over the past decade, and to date, effective pharmacotherapies that enhance LV diastolic function have not yet been identified. Though some data has demonstrated the beneficial effects of exercise training on LV diastolic function, little is known about the adaptations of diastolic function to daily physical activity (PA). Accordingly, our study aimed to investigate the impact of daily PA on tissue Doppler indices of LV diastolic function.MethodsA total of 432 participants were enrolled for clinically indicated echocardiography from July 2019 to July 2020 at Peking University People’s Hospital. Participants aged ≥ 18 years were included if they had stable PA in the past six months and normal LV systolic function. A questionnaire was used to collect demographic characteristics, medical history, and daily PA. According to PA Guidelines for Americans, we identified these participants into low-intensity PA (LPA) group and moderate-high-intensity PA (MHPA) group. Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed to match potential confounding factors between the two groups. The clinical characteristics and echocardiographic parameters between LPA group and MHPA group were compared using student’s t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, and chi-square test as appropriate.ResultsAfter matching potential confounding factors using PSM with a 1:3 matching ratio, our final analysis included 86 cases in the MHPA group and 214 cases in the LPA group. All demographic characteristics and comorbidities were statistically similar between the two groups. Compared to the LPA group, the MHPA group showed higher septal e’ (7.9 ± 2.9 cm/s versus 7.2 ± 2.6 cm/s, P = 0.047). Other echocardiographic parameters associated with LV diastolic function concerning lateral e’ and average E/e’, also trended towards improved LV diastolic function in the MHPA group, but failed to reach statistical significance.ConclusionsOur study demonstrated that moderate-high-intensity daily PA was associated with improved septal e’, suggesting that moderate-high-intensity PA could potentially ameliorate LV diastolic dysfunction.

Relation between mortality and physical activity levels or sedentary behavior: Proof cohort

Abstract Although moderate-to-vigorous physical activity has been proven to be effective in preventing major chronic diseases, the most recent epidemiological studies now focus on low-intensity physical activity, due to the need to promote all activities. However, the evidence currently remains weak. The objective of the study is to clarify the effects of different levels of physical activity and sedentary behavior on mortality. The different levels of physical activity were assessed by a validated self-administered questionnaire (POPAQ) covering different types of physical activity in the previous 7 days. Medical history and examinations were taken during each clinical visit to determine clinical events. The relationships between the intensity of physical activity (light, moderate to vigorous) as well as periods of physical inactivity in relation to mortality or cardiovascular events were analyzed by splines and COX models. Of the 1011 65-year-old subjects initially included in 2001 (60% women), the last 18-year follow-up is now completed since 2019. A total of 197 deaths (19.2% including 77 cardiovascular deaths) and 195 cardiovascular events (19.3%) have been reported. The means (standard deviation) of moderate or intense activity, light or sedentary activity were respectively 1.2 h/d (0.3), 5.8 h/d (1.1) and 6.6 h/d (2.3). For all-cause deaths, as well as cardiovascular deaths, splines were significant for light (p = 0.04 and p = 0.01) and moderate to vigorous (p &amp;lt; 0.001 and p &amp;lt; 0.001) activities, but not for sedentary lifestyle (p = 0.24 and p = 0.90). However, there is a significant reduction in cardiovascular events when the sedentary time decreased from 10.9 to 3.3 h/d. The PROOF cohort study shows a clear dose-response relationship between the dose of light, moderate to vigorous and sedentary behavior with mortality and cardiovascular events. These results provide evidence to support the inclusion of light physical activity in future activity guidelines physical. Key messages • Relationship between the dose of light, moderate to vigorous and sedentary lifestyle with mortality and cardiovascular events. • Importance of inclusion of light physical activity in future activity guidelines physical.

Association Between Depressed Mood Changes and Physical Activity Among Adolescents Post COVID-19 Pandemic.

Following the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, adolescents have experienced decreased physical activity and a decline in mental health. This study analyzed the association between changes in depressed mood after the COVID-19 pandemic and physical activity among adolescents. The analysis was based on the results of the 17th Youth Health Behavior Online Survey conducted in 2021, which included 54848 middle and high school students in South Korea. Information on physical activity included low-intensity physical activity lasting >60 min/day, high-intensity physical activity, and strength training exercises. A logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the association between physical activity and changes in depression after the COVID-19 pandemic. After adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics and previous depression, adolescents who performed strength training exercises more than once per week had a 0.95-fold lower risk (odds ratio [OR]=0.948, 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.905-0.994, p= 0.027) of increasing depression after the COVID-19 pandemic, while the risk of decreasing depression increased by 1.22-fold (OR=1.215, 95% CI=1.131-1.305, p<0.001). The results were not significant for low-intensity physical activity for >60 min/day and high-intensity physical activity. Strength-training exercises are significantly associated with the prevention of depression among adolescents following the COVID-19 pandemic.

ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHIC MARKERS OF CNS FUNCTIONAL STATE IN SPORT

All over the world, sports professionals are interested in attracting new technologies to work-out sessions to increase sportsmanship. Literature reveals that EEG markers of cognitive function dynamics, sensorimotor integration, and psychological stability are important in assessing the functional state of athletes. In addition to a high level of physical fitness, elite athletes develop cognitive skills specific to a particular sport. Besides they demonstrate high sensorimotor integration, improved attention, perception and information processing and other characteristics ensuring high performance. The review systematically analyzes publications devoted to the correlation between physical activity and CNS functional state. It is established that indicators of EEG alpha rhythm power and frequency are significant neurophysiological markers of cognitive function state. These indicators contribute much to studying high- and low-intensity physical activity.&#x0D; The authors analyzed such databases as Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, Pubmed, Cochrane, Embase, Google Scholar, and eLIBRARY.

Patterns of sedentary behaviour in adults with acute insomnia derived from actigraphy data.

Sleep disorders, such as insomnia, have been associated with extended periods of inactive, sedentary behaviour. Many factors contribute to insomnia, including stress, irregular sleep patterns, mental health issues, inadequate sleeping schedules, diseases, neurological disorders and prescription medications. Identification of the patterns of sedentary time and its duration in adults with acute insomnia and healthy controls to determine the statistically significant sedentary bouts; comparison of the sedentary behaviour patterns in acute insomnia adults with healthy controls. We investigate the daytime actigraphy data and identify temporal patterns of inactivity among adults with acute insomnia and healthy adults. Seven days of actigraphy data were utilised to calculate sedentary time and bouts of variable duration based on a threshold of activity counts (<100 counts per minute). Statistical analysis was applied to investigate sedentary bouts and total sedentary time during weekdays and weekend. A logistic regression model has been used to determine the significance of sedentary bouts. We found that individuals with acute insomnia accumulate a significant amount of their sedentary time in medium (6-30 minutes and 31-60 minutes) and longer (more than 60 minutes) duration bouts in comparison to healthy adults. Furthermore, a low p value for total sedentary time (2.54 ⋅ 10-4) association with acute insomnia supports the finding that acute insomnia individuals are significantly more engaged in sedentary activities compared to healthy controls. Also, as shown by the weekend vs weekday analysis, the physical and sedentary activity patterns of acute insomnia adults demonstrate higher variability during the weekdays in comparison to the weekend. The results of the present study demonstrate that adults with acute insomnia spend more time in low-intensity daily physical activities compared to healthy adults.