Low-impact Program Research Articles

The Proposed Improvement to Achieve Maturity from Low Impact Program Management Office – Case: PT Angkasa Pura II

The Proposed Improvement to Achieve Maturity from Low Impact Program Management Office – Case: PT Angkasa Pura II

The Proposed Improvement to Achieve Maturity from Low Impact Program Management Office – Case: PT Angkasa Pura II

Many Big companies realize the importance of PMO. The word “P” in the PMO can stands as Project, Program or Portfolio, it depends on a company needs. project is establishment of structured process in order to generate particular outputs, program is compilation of several projects while portfolio is compilation of several programs (Tjahjana et al., 2009a). For Angkasa Pura II PMO stands for Program Management, the centralized program management office to take on responsibilities for program related functions and program-related activities.

Cross-cultural efficacy of American low-impact programs: A comparison between Garhwal guide beliefs on environmental behavior and American outdoor travel norms

In America, recreationists on public lands are expected to follow behavioral norms codified through low-impact programs. Such programs have been exported to countries all over the world with little or no critical thought about their efficacy in other cultural contexts. The present study examined the normative assumptions of the Leave No Trace program in the context of adventure tourism guides in the Garhwal Himalaya of India to determine the efficacy of implementing such programs in a different cultural context. We identified what salient beliefs prompt whitewater rafting and trekking guides' intention to perform pro-environmental behavior. We then compared the results with the belief system used for the basis of Leave No Trace. Results revealed that an American appeal to personal responsibility in Garhwal may not succeed for a variety of reasons. This study helps lay a foundation for much needed research on pro-environmental behavior and improved resource management techniques in the Indian Himalaya.

Strong Tobacco Control Program Requirements and Secure Funding Are Not Enough: Lessons From Florida

Florida's Tobacco Pilot Program (TPP; 1998-2003), with its edgy Truth media campaign, achieved unprecedented youth smoking reductions and became a model for tobacco control programming. In 2006, 3 years after the TPP was defunded, public health groups restored funding for tobacco control programming by convincing Florida voters to amend their constitution. Despite the new program's strong legal structure, Governor Charlie Crist's Department of Health implemented a low-impact program. Although they secured the program's strong structure and funding, Florida's nongovernmental public health organizations did not mobilize to demand a high-impact program. Implementation of Florida's Amendment 4 demonstrates that a strong programmatic structure and secure funding are insufficient to ensure a successful public health program, without external pressure from nongovernmental groups.

QUANTIFYING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MECHANICAL LOADING AND THE SKELETAL RESPONSE IN PRE- AND EARLY-PUBERTAL GIRLS.

PURPOSE Before exercise prescription for bone health can be recommended, the relationship between mechanical loading characteristics and the skeletal response need to be quantified. We asked i) does moderate impact exercise result in a greater gain in BMC than low impact exercise, ii) what are the loading characteristics associated with a moderate and low impact exercise program and does this differ from non-structured play?, and iii) does loading history affect the osteogenic response to a moderate or low impact program? METHODS Sixty-eight pre- and early-pubertal girls (aged 8.9 +/- 0.2 yrs) were randomized to take part in a moderate or low impact exercise program 3 times/wk for 8.5 mnths. The number and type of loads associated with the exercise classes and non-structured play (recess) were assessed from video footage. The magnitude of load was assessed using a pedar in-sole mobile system. Hours of moderate and high impact organized sport were assessed from a physical activity questionnaire. RESULTS The moderate and low impact exercise programs consisted of -400 impacts per class, but the jumping, hopping and dynamic activities performed during the moderate impact program produced forces ranging from 2 to 4 times body weight (BW) compared to -1 BW for the low impact program. Moderate impact exercise resulted in a 2.7% greater gain in BMC at the tibia compared to the low impact exercise. The moderate impact exercise program consisted of fewer low impacts (1-2 BW) and a higher number of moderate impacts (2-4BW) compared to those typically performed during non-structured play. There were greater gains in BMC in subjects participating in the moderate versus the low impact exercise programs who participated in 2 to 3 hours of moderate impact sports outside school (2.5% to 4.5%, p CONCLUSION Approximately 400 impacts ranging 2-4 BW, 3 times/wk was enough stimuli to result in an osteogenic response in normally active girls; even in those actively involved in moderate impact sports outside school.