Low Heat Rejection Diesel Engine Research Articles

Performance analysis and optimization of thermal barrier coated piston diesel engine fuelled with biodiesel using RSM

The current research investigates diesel and simarouba biodiesel blends (10%, 20%, & 30% by volume) in conventional and Low Heat Rejection (LHR) diesel engines, each rated at 4.4 kW. While optimization techniques like Response Surface Method and Taguchi have been extensively studied, the impact of LHR and optimization on LHR engine performance and emissions is rarely explored. Converting the conventional engine to LHR involved applying 300 μm of stabilized zirconia to the piston crown to enhance combustion efficiency. Performance and emissions were analyzed at rated injection pressure (200 bar) and timing (23° before top dead center - btdc). Experiments were continued on LHR engine by varying injection timings (advancing - 26°btdc and retarding - 20°btdc). Advanced injection timing showed significant improvement in performance of Low heat rejection engine. MINITAB statistical tool is used to optimize engine performance using Response Surface Method. The 20% blend showed improved performance in both engines. The optimum values for Low heat rejection engine responses are 26.8%, 0.32 kg/kW-h, 0.018%, 59.59 ppm, and 1419.03 ppm for brake thermal efficiency, brake specific fuel consumption, carbon monoxide, and unburnt hydrocarbons, respectively. Confirmation experiments aligned well with model predictions, indicating the potential of LHR engines to enhance thermal efficiency and reduce emissions.

Performance evaluation of low heat rejection diesel engine operated with biofuels under-selective catalytic reduction

Vehicle emissions are responsible for about 30% of all air pollution in the world. Vehicle emissions can be significantly reduced through the use of selective catalyst reduction (SCR). The present work emphasizes the impact of thermal barrier-coated pistons on diesel engine performance as well as emission qualities. A Ni–Cr–Al–Y bond coat was applied to the tested engine piston that was 50 microns thick and a top coat that was 250 microns thick. These coatings were applied using the plasma spray technique to a combination of 2 mol. % of Gadolinium oxide (Gd2O3), 2 mol. % of Neodymium oxide (Nd2O3), 3 mol. % of Yttria (Y2O3), and continuing 93 mol. % of Zirconia (ZrO2). In a 4-stroke, 1-cylinder diesel engine, the testing was carried out utilizing diesel, Mahua, and Jatropha fuels with and without coating. The selective catalytic reduction technique was employed in the current test to reduce NOx emissions. The findings of this analysis indicate that the brake thermal efficiency of an insulated piston engine improved by 3.9%, and when JB 100 was chosen as the fuel, the insulated piston reduced brake-specific fuel consumption by 3.5% in comparison to the normal piston. In engines coated with SCR, hydrocarbon emissions were lowered by 20.1%, while carbon monoxide emissions were dropped by 13.4%. In comparison to the baseline engine, the oxide of nitrogen emissions were reduced by 39.1%.

Enhancement of the environmental bio-economy by investigating a sustainable Cerbera odollam biodiesel at a low heat rejection engine

It is essential to maintain the environment by preserving the ecological balance of the area and keeping an eye on emission regulations. It's common knowledge that fossil fuels are the backbone of the transportation industry. Over time, the atmospheric concentrations of carbon and nitrogen oxides have risen dramatically due to human activities, particularly the burning of fossil fuels at excessive rates. Long-term sustainability may be attainable with the implementation of a bio-based, circular economy. Fears of a future fuel shortage and the negative effects on the environment spurred researchers to search for more sustainable energy sources. Renewability, reduced emissions, biodegradability, and better lubricating characteristics are just some of the reasons why biodiesel is becoming increasingly popular as a viable alternative to petroleum diesel. In this research paper, biodiesel extracted from Cerbera odollam seeds was tested for its performance and emission characteristics on a low-heat rejection diesel engine with its piston coated with nano coating. The results were compared with those of a standard diesel engine, BCO25 at coated piston engine enhances break thermal efficiency by over 5.5%, consumes less fuel by 6.4%, reduces CO by 5.9%-10.7%, and reduces UBHC by 4% to 8.5%.

Investigation of In-cylinder Heat Transfer in a Low Heat Rejection Diesel Engine

Bu çalışmada, piston oyukları düşük ısı iletim katsayısına sahip bir malzemeyle kaplanmış direkt püskürtmeli bir dizel motorun yanma odası ısı transfer karakteristikleri incelenmiştir. Testler, sabit devirde ve dört farklı motor yükünde yapılmıştır. Piston oyukları plazma sprey yöntemiyle itriya stabilize zirkonya maddesi ile kaplanmıştır. Isı taşınım katsayısı hesaplanmasında dizel motorlar için literatürde sıklıkla kullanılan Hohenberg, Eichelberg ve Woschni modelleri esas alınmıştır. Başlıca ısı geçişi parametreleri olarak ısı transfer katsayısı, ısı akısı, birim krank açısında toplam ısı çıkışı ve ısı geçişi ele alınmıştır. Yapılan çalışma sonucunda; artan motor yükü ve piston kaplama uygulamasıyla birlikte yanma odasında ısı taşınım katsayısının, ısı akısının, toplam ısı çıkışının ve ısı akısının önemli oranda arttığı gözlenmiştir. Sıkıştırma periyodunda, Hohenberg modelinin genel olarak daha yüksek ısı transfer oranı değerleri verdiği buna karşılık Woschni modelinin daha düşük ısı transfer oranı değerleri verdiği tespit edilmiştir. Isı geçişi parametreleri düşük yükte Woschni modeliyle en düşük değerdeyken en yüksek yükte maksimum değerlere ulaşmıştır. En yüksek yükte her iki motorda da toplam ısı çıkışı değerleri kullanılan tüm modellerle birbirine oldukça yakın bulunmuştur.

Enhancing Performance and Efficiency in Low Heat Rejection Diesel Engines with Jatropha Fuel

Enhancing Performance and Efficiency in Low Heat Rejection Diesel Engines with Jatropha Fuel

Mechanical Examination on Exhaust Discharge of Jatropha Oil in Crude Form And Biodiesel of Low Heat Rejection Diesel Engine

Mechanical Examination on Exhaust Discharge of Jatropha Oil in Crude Form And Biodiesel of Low Heat Rejection Diesel Engine

The influence of thermal barrier coating on an LHR engine fueled by soybean biodiesel blended with various additive spectrums: Performance, combustion, and emission analysis

AbstractThe novelty of this research work deals with green synthesized nanoadditives (5% of graphene, carbon nanotubes, and carbon black), oxygenated additives (5% of n‐butanol, n‐heptane, and n‐pentanol), and then the test fuels are prepared by blending of 20% of soybean biodiesel and 70%, 80%, and 100% of premium diesel. The experimental outcomes revealed that the Nickel Chromium Aluminum (NiCrAl‐120 micron), partially stabilized zirconia, and titanium dioxide ceramic composites at about 400 microns achieve the thermal barrier coat of low heat rejection (LHR) engine parts by the air‐plasma spray method. Compared with Blend B, green synthesized carbon black (5%), premium diesel (70%), and n‐pentanol (5%) mixed soybean biodiesel (20%) fuel (Blend E) tested on the LHR engine achieved 4.90% higher brake thermal efficiency and 25.31% lower brake‐specific fuel consumption at peak load owing to the presence of an oxygenated agent (n‐pentanol) in the fuel blend, which minimizes carbon deposition. The carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon, NOx, and smoke emissions were reduced by 25.58%, 29.41%, 5.06%, and 7.75% when compared to Blend B at peak load. Then, the in‐cylinder pressure and heat release rate were found to be 4.52% and 8.87% higher for Blend E at peak load compared to Blend B. This was because the mix of oxygenated additive and carbon black bio‐based nanofuels made the combustion process go faster. These fuel blends were tested on LHR diesel engines at various load conditions.

Reduction of Pollutants of Insulated Diesel Engine with Plastic Oil with Supercharging

This paper aims at alternative fuel technology for diesel engine and environmental protection. The exhaust emissions from diesel engine are particulate matter (PM), nitrogen oxide (NOx ) levels, carbon mono oxide (CO) emissions and un-burnt hydro carbons (UBHC) and cause severe health hazards when they are inhaled in. They also cause environmental disorders like Global warming, Green-House effect, acid rain etc,. Hence control of these emissions is urgent and an immediate step. Vegetable oils and alcohols are important substitutes for diesel fuel, as they are renewable in nature. Though vegetable oils have comparable properties with diesel fuel, however, they have high viscosity and low volatility causing combustion problems in diesel engines. Alcohols have high volatility but low Cetane number (a measure of combustion quality in diesel engine). Plastic oil derived from waste plastic collected from debris by the process of pyrolysis has equitant calorific value with diesel fuel. However, its viscosity is higher than diesel fuel calls for low heat rejection (LHR) diesel engine. The concept of LHR diesel engine is to minimize the heat flow to the coolant there by increase of thermal efficiency. This LHR engine is useful for burning high viscous and low calorific value fuels. LHR engine consisted of ceramic coated cylinder head engine. The exhaust emissionsof PM, CO, NOx and UBHC with plastic oil were determined with conventional engine (CE) and LHR engine with varied injection timing at full load operation of the engine. Injection timing was varied with an electronic sensor. PM was determined by AVL Smoke meter, while NOx , CO and UBHC were measured by Netel Chromatograph multi gas analyzer at full load operation of the engine. The data was compared with neat diesel operation on conventional engine.

Environmental impact of waste plastic pyrolysis oil on insulated piston diesel engine with methoxyethyl acetate additive

The energy recovery from waste plastics as a prospective fuel source helps to overcome the issues of waste plastic management and the growing fuel shortage. In this article, High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) plastics are used to convert into waste plastic pyrolysis oil (WPPO) through the pyrolysis process. An experimental investigation is carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of WPPO in a Thermal Barrier Coated piston engine (TBC) with an oxygenated additive of Methoxyethyl acetate (MEA). The incremental ratio of WPPO to pure diesel with the addition MEA and its performance, combustion, and emission characteristics are studied in a direct injection single-cylinder low heat rejection diesel engine. MEA and the coated piston resulted in improved performance of WPPO. Brake-specific fuel consumption is reduced by up to 9% under various load situations. D70W20MEA10 shows carbon monoxide elimination of up to 15% under various load conditions and a hydrocarbon reduction of up to 16%. At half load, D70W20MEA10 produces about 3% less HSU of smoke.

Evaluation of Waste Plastic Pyrolysis Oil Performance with Diethyl Ether Additive on Insulated Piston Diesel Engine

Considering the amount of waste plastics has risen significantly, energy may be extracted from it. Not only is it possible to dispose of waste plastics by converting them to fuel, but it is also possible to extract energy from them. Our research is motivated by the prospect of using waste plastics as a source of energy through waste plastic pyrolysis oil (WPPO). The innovation of this research is that it will assess the efficiency of plastic pyrolysis oil derived from Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE) on a Thermal Barrier Coated (TBC) piston engine. The incremental ratio of WPPO to pure diesel with the addition of diethyl ether (DEE) was determined and its output and exhaust emission standards were evaluated using a direct injection single cylinder low heat rejection diesel engine. The results for the WPPO blends were promising as with TBCW20DEE10 demonstrating a 5 to 15% increase in carbon monoxide under different load conditions. TBCW20DEE10 confirmed a greater reduction of hydrocarbons varying from 5 to 12 %. At half load condition, TBCW20DEE10 emits approximately 3.5 % less unit of smoke.

Experimental Investigation on Effect of LHR in Diesel Engine Fuelled with Waste Cooking Oil Biodiesel

Diesel-powered engines are best suitable for light and heavy-duty vehicles. Because of the high thermal efficiency, it is widely used in the transportation sector. The rapid increase in global fossil fuel demand has raised fuel prices and causes a huge demand for petroleum fuels. And the stringent Emission norms increased the need for a highly efficient engine. In this work, a low heat rejection diesel engine coated with thermal barrier coating is used to test the biodiesel obtained from waste cooking oil. The Thermal barrier coating is given for 30pm, 40 pm, and 60 pm with yttrium stabilized zirconia. It is observed that the thermal barrier coating with 30pm shows better results. The brake thermal efficiency of the engine with LHR and biodiesel observed an increase in its efficiency. And emission concentrations were increasing with respect to waste cooking oil biodiesel when compared with diesel. The experiment was performed in the laboratory with a single-cylinder water-cooled diesel engine. The emission concentrations are measured with a portable emission analyzer.

Experimental Investigation of YSZ Coated Piston Crown on Performance and Emission Features of LHR Diesel Engine with Mahua Biodiesel

Researchers have carried out numerous studies on low heat rejection (LHR) engines. Among the studies reported, some are experimental and many are theoretical in nature. The thermal barrier coatings (TBC) play a prominent role in LHR engines. Ceramic coatings are TBCs, they shield the base material and high temperature protect the source. The present work is focused on Yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) material with a thickness of 500 microns. Is a bond coat which is used a plasma spray Tanique for costed on the required surface. Experimental analysis is carried out on a diesel engine with diesel and Mahua biodiesel with different loading conditions. This study results to expose that brake thermal efficiency is bigger along with lessening of BSFC. The LHR engine reduces the Hydro carbon (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions drastically but the Nitrogen oxide (NOx) emission is increased.

Effective utilization and evaluation of waste plastic pyrolysis oil in a low heat rejection single cylinder diesel engine

ABSTRACT On growing population leads to increasing the energy demand in the automotive sector. Many researchers are working for the substitute alternative for fossil fuel products to meet the huge energy needs. Energy from the waste plastics can be utilized because of its disposal volume increased enormously. The major of the advantage of conversion to fuel is not the only disposal but also enables energy to be derived from the disposal of waste plastics. The motivation of our research is to the utilization of energy retrieval from waste plastics as a Waste Plastic Pyrolysis oil (WPO). The novelty of this research is to evaluate of performance of plastic pyrolysis oil extracted from Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE) on low heat rejection engine (LHR). The incremental ratio of WPO was blended with pure diesel and its performance and exhaust emission norms are evaluated on a direct injection single cylinder low heat rejection diesel engine. The results of WPO were studied and compared for compatibility with pure diesel. Brake specific fuel consumption decreases for LHRWPO10 about 3 to 8% and the brake thermal efficiency is similar to pure diesel with 23.14% at full load condition. LHRWPO10 evidenced an improved reduction of carbon monoxide ranging from 6 to 14% and hydrocarbon ranging from 7 to 16.2% for various load conditions. LHRWPO20 recorded around 5% reduction in CO at 75% load condition.

Effect of ceramic coating on the performance, emission, and combustion characteristics of ethanol DI diesel engine

Ethanol and vegetable oils played an important role for more than 70 years in many countries all over the world. Since 19th century, ethanol has been used as fuel for Compression Ignition (CI) engines. By fermenting and distilling the biomasses, ethanol can be obtained and hence it can be considered as a renewable fuel. One way of increasing the efficiency of the ethanol fuel CI engine is to use it as a Low Heat Rejection Engine (LHR). In LHR engine, the thermal efficiency of the CI engine can be increased by reducing the heat loss to the surroundings through coolant and exhaust gas. The heat can be transferred from the combustion chamber to the piston, cylinder wall and finally to the cooling water. The heat transfer can be minimized by insulating the piston and cylinder wall and coating the piston and the cylinder wall with ceramics, which can withstand high thermal stresses. The coating materials have low thermal conductivity, thus reducing the heat flux into the piston and thus the heat transfer to the coolant is reduced. In the present work, Zirconia is used for coating the engine components for lower thermal conductivity. It is concluded that sole ethanol as fuel with glow plug show a reduction in exhaust emissions with reduced efficiency compared with conventional CI engine operated with diesel fuel. But it was observed that, there is a slight increase in thermal efficiency of the engine with the retarded injection timing. Converting a conventional engine to low heat rejection diesel engine further increases the thermal efficiency and reduces the carbon monoxide and unburned hydrocarbon emissions drastically, whereas oxides of nitrogen emission are increased because of higher combustion temperature.

Improving the usability of biodiesel blend in low heat rejection diesel engine through combustion, performance and emission analysis

Utilization of biodiesel which is of renewable in nature was enhanced in single cylinder, 4-S diesel engine based on combustion, performance and emission analysis. Esterified jatropha biodiesel (EJO) at 4%, 10% and 20% was added in normal diesel by v/v ratios to form B04, B10 and B20 blends. The crown surfaces of piston, cylinder head and valves were coated with 250 μm thick mullite material (Metco 6150) to form low heat rejection engine (LHRE). The optimum EJO blend for the conventional engine (CE) as well as LHRE was investigated by comparing their characteristics from all biodiesel blends with the normal diesel of CE operation. B10 was obtained as an optimum blend for both engines. For CE at B10 operation, the CO, HC emissions (except NOx) and brake thermal efficiency (BTE) were reduced as compared with CE at diesel fuel. For LHRE operation, the emissions were further reduced but BTE was slightly reduced. Finally to improve the usability of biodiesel, 5% anhydrous ethanol was added into optimum blend to form E05B10 mixture. Ethanol required higher latent heat for evaporation; this caused reduction of NOx and improved BTE. Emission load on environment (GWP, RIP and TAP) was reduced by optimum blend operation.

A Research on Dual Fuel Operation on LHR Diesel Engine

Importance of this investigation is 100% biodiesel make use as fuel for low heat rejection (LHR) diesel engine. Due to this reason bio-fuels namely, eucalyptus oil and paradise oil were selected and used as dual fuel. Conventional engine hardware parts were coated with lanthana-doped yttriastabilized zirconia (the doping of YSZ coatings with small amount of La2O3) with a thickness of 300 µm, so as to analyze the operating parameters of paradise oil–eucalyptus oil blends. Tests run were replicated on the conventional diesel engine and outcomes were compared. Test outcomes confirmed that the major intention of this research was attained as engine operating parameters like, brake thermal efficiency, exhaust gas temperature were increase with decrease of fuel consumption. In addition, engine emissions of HC, CO and smoke were reduced with exception of NOx for LHR diesel engine than conventional engine.

Experimental performance investigation of Partially Stabilized Zirconia coated low heat rejection diesel engine with waste plastic oil as a fuel

ABSTRACT This experimental analysis is carried out to investigate the performance, emission, and combustion characteristics of partially stabilized zirconia (PSZ) coated compression ignition engine using waste plastic oil (WPO) as a fuel. The preparation and thermophysical properties of WPO are analyzed and found that the properties of fuel derived from the waste plastic merely similar to diesel fuel. The performance enhancement of WPO with low heat rejection (LHR) is conducted in direct ignition (DI) engine and compared with standard diesel fuel. From the results, we observe that the engine working with WPO+LHR show the evidence of higher thermal efficiency at the rated power. Surprisingly, the level of NOx emission tends to reduce with increasing load condition irrespective of fuel used. The WPO+LHR engine at full load condition emits <18.53% NOx, and around 10.67% of increment in the in-cylinder peak pressure when compared to the engine with standard diesel fuel (SDF). It is also found that the presence of unburnt hydrocarbon is reduced by about 14.75% compared to the SDF. The WPO and WPO+LHR fueled engines release the maximum amount of heat rate viz. 18.17% and 23.30% higher than that of diesel.

An experimental investigation on a low heat rejection diesel engine using waste plastic oil with different injection timing

The disposal of waste plastic solids are becoming more than a crisis with respect to environmental safety. Proper disposal system may either be very expensive or leads to side effect. Hence researchers are looking for suitable methods to reuse them. Oils as substitute for petroleum products in internal combustion engines are gaining focus in India, because of its potential to generate large scale employment and relatively low environmental poverty. The present work aims at utilizing this waste plastic oil in a low heat rejection retarded timing engine whose combustion chamber surface is coated with partially stabilized zirconia (PSZ) ceramic. The influence of fuel injection timing was studied to completely understand the waste plastic oil performance in low heat rejection engine. The results revealed great improvement in performance, and emission characteristics. As a compensation, NOx formation was slightly increased. Overall performance of the low heat rejection engine with waste plastic oil fuel was better with 14⁰ bTDC retarded injection time.

Performance, emission and combustion characteristics of low heat rejection diesel engine using waste cooking oil as fuel

In this work, waste cooking oil (WCO) was used as fuel in standard and low heat rejection (LHR) diesel engines. The experiments were conducted in standard and LHR engine to measure the performance, emission and combustion characteristics using WCO and diesel as fuels. The brake thermal efficiency was found to be 26.5% for LHR engine with diesel compared to 26% of a standard diesel engine. A significant reduction of smoke and hydrocarbon emission with LHR diesel engine for diesel and WCO as fuels. The CO emission was decreased with LHR diesel engine at higher engine loads. At maximum load, peak in-cylinder pressure of 55 bar observed for standard diesel engine fuelled with diesel as fuel compared to 53 bar with WCO. The ignition delay and rate of pressure rise were found lower with LHR engine.

Utilization of unattended waste plastic oil as fuel in low heat rejection diesel engine

This experimental work analyzes the usage of 100% of Waste Plastic Oil (WPO) in low heat rejection (LHR) diesel engine without diesel. For this purpose, the hardware components of conventional diesel engine were coated with lanthana-doped partially stabilised zirconia, to a thickness about 300 μm by plasma spray coating technique. WPO was produced in a research facility scale setup by pyrolysis method. Coated and uncoated engines were tested with WPO and the outcomes were compared with diesel. Results authenticate the objective of this study and shows enhancement in performance and diminution in specific fuel utilization. The reduction in emission with exception of NOx was noticed in lanthana-doped partially stabilised zirconia coated engine than that of uncoated diesel engine.