Low-grade Inflammatory Process Research Articles

THE EFFECT OF N-STEAROYLETHANOLAMINE ON THE STRESS HORMONES LEVELS IN OLD RATS WITH INDUCED CHRONIC INFLAMMATION

Numerous studies aimed at elucidating the evolutionary acquisition of the endocannabinoid system gradually expand our understanding of the development and functioning of living organisms. It is now well-known the indispensable role of endocannabinoids in higher nervous activity and other signaling high-activity compounds. Among the representatives of this system are saturated long-chain N-acyl ethanolamines, including N-stearoylethanolamine. Previous studies have illuminated a range of important functional features of NSE on various biochemical processes, including anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and antidyslipidemic properties. Aim. Considering the involvement of the endocannabinoid system in neurotransmission processes and the influence of NAE on steroidogenesis, hypotheses have been formed and, accordingly, the goal of determining the involvement of NSE as an adaptogen of the sympathoadrenal and hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal systems, including its influence on their functional state in rats during aging under conditions of low-grade chronic inflammatory processes. Methods. To achieve this goal, an experimental group of animals with "pathological" aging was formed, to which NSE was administered for some time. At the end of the experiment, blood plasma was collected from the animals, and the concentration of circulating adrenaline, corticosterone, and adrenocorticotropic hormones was analyzed using immunoassay and spectrophotometric methods. Results. During the analysis of the obtained results, geroprotective properties of NSE were identified, which likely result from an indirect pathway of its influence on humoral regulation systems. Conclusions. Analysis of the obtained results suggests that saturated N-acylethanolamines (NAEs), including NSE, may act as direct modulators of endocannabinoid system activity or indirect regulators by regulating steroidogenesis, integrating into the system of humoral regulation.

Inverse association between slow-wave sleep and low-grade inflammation in children and adolescents with major depressive disorder

ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between both self-reported and objective sleep variables and low-grade inflammation in children and adolescents with major depressive disorder (MDD) of moderate to severe symptom severity. MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, we examined twenty-nine children and adolescents diagnosed with MDD and twenty-nine healthy controls (HC). Following a one-week actigraphy assessment, comprehensive sleep evaluations were conducted, including a one-night sleep EEG measurement and self-reported sleep data. Plasma high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) was employed as a marker to assess low-grade inflammation. ResultsNo significant difference in hsCRP levels was observed between participants with MDD and HC. Furthermore, after adjusting for sleep difficulties, hsCRP exhibited no correlation with the severity of depressive symptoms. In HC, levels of hsCRP were not linked to self-reported and objective sleep variables. In contrast, depressed participants showed a significant correlation between hsCRP levels and increased subjective insomnia severity (Insomnia Severity Index; r = 0.41, p < 0.05), increased time spent in the N2 sleep stage (r = 0.47, p < 0.01), and decreased time spent in slow-wave sleep (r = − 0.61, p < 0.001). Upon additional adjustments for body mass index, tobacco use and depression severity, only the inverse association between hsCRP and time spent in slow-wave sleep retained statistical significance. Moderation analysis indicated that group status (MDD vs. HC) significantly moderates the association between slow-wave sleep and hsCRP. ConclusionOur findings suggest that alterations in the architecture of slow-wave sleep may have a significant influence on modulating low-grade inflammatory processes in children and adolescents with MDD.

Evaluation of the relationship of cytokines concentrations tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, and C-reactive protein in obese diabetics and obese non-diabetics: A comparative study.

Obesity has been linked to a low-grade inflammatory process in the white adipose tissue. Our study aims to detect the relationship between cytokine levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and C-reactive protein (CRP) in obese diabetics, compared to obese non-diabetics, Iraqi individuals. Ninety Iraqi adults, 45 type 2 diabetic and 45 non-diabetic obese, were selected as controls. Serum levels of TNF-α, IL-6, CRP, homeostatic model assessment for homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), body fat, and body mass index (BMI) were measured. The concentration of TNF-α, IL-6, and CRP were significantly greater in the obese diabetics, compared to the obese non-diabetics. BMI was significantly positively correlated with the concentration of TNF-α, IL-6, and CRP in the two groups. At the same time, HOMA-IR was non-significantly positively associated with them in obese diabetics. In contrast, the correlation was significantly positive between HOMA-IR with TNF-a, IL-6, and CRP in the obese non-diabetics group. Obese diabetics have more inflammation than obese non-diabetics as evidenced by the former's higher levels of TNF-α and IL-6. Obesity-related imbalances disrupt metabolic processes and increase CRP, TNF-, and IL-6 levels. Therefore, IR is promoted by the increase of cytokines.

Immunosenescence as a convergence pathway in neurodegeneration.

Immunity refers to the body's defense mechanism to protect itself against illness or to produce antibodies against pathogens. Senescence is a cellular phenomenon that integrates a sustainable growth restriction, other phenotypic abnormalities and including a pro-inflammatory secretome. It is highly involved in regulating developmental stages, tissue homeostasis, and tumor proliferation monitoring. Contemporary experimental reports imply that abolition of senescent cells employing evolved genetic and therapeutic approaches augment the chances of survival and boosts the health span of an individual. Immunosenescence is considered as a process in which dysfunction of the immune system occurs with aging and greatly includes remodeling of lymphoid organs. This in turn causes fluctuations in the immune function of the elderly that has strict relation with the expansion of autoimmune diseases, infections, malignant tumors and neurodegenerative disorders. The interaction of the nervous and immune systems during aging is marked by bi-directional influence and mutual correlation of variations. The enhanced systemic inflammatory condition in the elderly, and the neuronal immune cell activity can be modulated by inflamm-aging and peripheral immunosenescence resulting in chronic low-grade inflammatory processes in the central Nervous system known as neuro-inflammaging. For example, glia excitation by cytokines and glia pro-inflammatory productions contribute significantly to memory injury as well as in acute systemic inflammation, which is associated with high levels of Tumor necrosis factor -α and a rise in cognitive decline. In recent years its role in the pathology of Alzheimer's disease has caught research interest to a large extent. This article reviews the connection concerning the immune and nervous systems and highlights how immunosenescence and inflamm-aging can affect neurodegenerative disorders.

NOVEL BIOMARKERS OF KIDNEY CELL PATHOLOGY, INFLAMMATION AND FIBROSIS IN CONTROLLED AND UNCONTROLLED HYPERTENSION

Objective: A significant reduction in kidney function is needed to detect a decrease in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and only a minority of patients with hypertension (HT) have elevated urinary albumin excretion (UAE), leaving these biomarkers insensitive for early hypertensive organ damage. Low-grade inflammatory processes and fibrosis may have a key role in the pathogenesis of HT and HT-mediated kidney damage. Finding a panel of biomarkers related to HT and kidney damage at an early stage, that varies with modifiable risk factors, may aid targeted treatment. Several biomarkers of kidney cell pathology, markers of inflammation and fibrosis are of interest. In this nationwide cross-sectional multicentre study, we aimed to assess the associations between biomarkers and hypertension in four groups of patients; (1) healthy controls, (2) controlled HT, (3) uncontrolled HT, (4) uncontrolled HT with presence of kidney damage based on UAE and eGFR. We hypothesized that: (1) plasma levels of biomarkers are different between the 4 groups, (2) plasma levels of biomarkers are associated with the different HT groups. Design and method: Hypertensive patients (n = 183) were &gt; = 18 years old with eGFR &gt;30 mL/min/1.73m2, prescribed &gt; = 2 antihypertensive agents and on a stable treatment regimen for at least 4 weeks. Age and sex matched healthy controls had undergone kidney donation assessment (n = 39). Biomarkers were analyzed in duplicate by a custom made Luminex bead-based immunoassay. The ethics committee approved the studies. All patients signed written informed consent. Results: Plasma levels of IL-1RA, NGAL and uromodulin were significantly different between healthy controls (n = 39) and hypertensive patients (n = 183). Levels of IL-1RA and NGAL were significantly different between the three groups of hypertensive patients. In multivariable models on hypertensive subjects none of the biomarkers were associated with uncontrolled HT (n = 126). IL-18, vWF-A2, NGAL and uromodulin were associated with uncontrolled HT with presence of kidney damage (n = 65). None of the biomarkers were associated with any of the HT groups after adjustment for eGFR. Conclusions: Selected biomarkers may add information to identify hypertensive patients at risk for kidney damage, but further and longitudinal analysis are needed.

Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Ethanolic Extract from Tabebuia rosea (Bertol.) DC., Quercetin, and Anti-Obesity Drugs in Adipose Tissue in Wistar Rats with Diet-Induced Obesity.

Obesity is characterized by the excessive accumulation of fat, which triggers a low-grade chronic inflammatory process. Currently, the search for compounds with anti-obesogenic effects that help reduce body weight, as well as associated comorbidities, continues. Among this group of compounds are plant extracts and flavonoids with a great diversity of action mechanisms associated with their beneficial effects, such as anti-inflammatory effects and/or as signaling molecules. In the bark of Tabebuia rosea tree, there are different classes of metabolites with anti-inflammatory properties, such as quercetin. Therefore, the present work studied the effect of the ethanolic extract of T. rosea and quercetin on the mRNA of inflammation markers in obesity compared to the drugs currently used. Total RNA was extracted from epididymal adipose tissue of high-fat diet-induced obese Wistar rats treated with orlistat, phentermine, T. rosea extract, and quercetin. The rats treated with T. rosea and quercetin showed 36 and 31% reductions in body weight compared to the obese control, and they likewise inhibited pro-inflammatory molecules: Il6, Il1b, Il18, Lep, Hif1a, and Nfkb1 without modifying the expression of Socs1 and Socs3. Additionally, only T. rosea overexpressed Lipe. Both T. rosea and quercetin led to a reduction in the expression of pro-inflammatory genes, modifying signaling pathways, which led to the regulation of the obesity-inflammation state.

Impaired Intestinal Permeability of Tricellular Tight Junctions in Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Mixed Bowel Habits (IBS-M).

The underlying pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is still unclear. Our aim was to investigate the pathophysiological mechanisms of diarrhea, constipation, and antigen uptake in mixed-type IBS (IBS-M). Colonoscopic biopsies were obtained from IBS-M patients. Epithelial transport and barrier function of colonic mucosae were characterized in Ussing chambers using impedance spectroscopy. Mucosal permeability to macromolecules was measured. Western blotting for tight junction (TJ) proteins was performed and their subcellular localization was visualized by confocal microscopy. RNA-sequencing was performed for gene expression and signaling pathway analysis. In IBS-M, epithelial resistance and ENaC-dependent sodium absorption were unchanged, while short-circuit current reflecting chloride secretion was reduced. Concomitantly, epithelial permeability for fluorescein and FITC-dextran-4000 increased. TJ protein expression of occludin decreased, whereas claudins were unaltered. Confocal microscopy revealed the de-localization of tricellulin from tricellular TJs. Involved pathways were detected as proinflammatory cytokine pathways, LPS, PGE2, NGF, and vitamin D. Decreased anion secretion explains constipation in IBS-M, while ion permeability and sodium absorption were unaltered. Reduced occludin expression resulted in the delocalization of tricellulin from the tricellular TJ, leading to increased macromolecular permeability that contributes to antigen influx into the mucosa and perpetuates a low-grade inflammatory process.

Irritable gastrointestinal syndrome

Background: Recurrent upper abdominal discomfort may be the cause of nearly half of the applications to the Internal Medicine Clinics, and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and chronic gastritis (CG) may be the most commonly diagnosed disorders in such cases. Method: Consecutive patients with the IBS and age and sex-matched controls were included. Results: The study included 936 patients with the IBS (592 females) and 346 control cases, totally. Mean age of the patients was 41.0 years, and 63.2% of them were female. Although gastric sample biopsies were taken just in suspected cases, CG was diagnosed nearly in all of the patients with the IBS (80.4% versus 15.0%, p&lt;0.001). Similarly, prevalences of antidepressants use (46.4% versus 16.1%, p&lt;0.001), smoking (35.2% versus 20.8%, p&lt;0.001), hemorrhoids (37.1% versus 7.2%, p&lt;0.001), and urolithiasis (22.0% versus 9.5%, p&lt;0.001) were all higher in the IBS patients, significantly. Beside that the mean values of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (111.9 versus 105.4 mg/dL, p= 0.002) and plasma triglycerides (167.0 versus 147.3 mg/dL, p= 0.013) were also higher in the IBS patients, significantly. Conclusion: Because FPG and triglycerides are well-known acute phase reactants in the body, IBS and CG may be low-grade inflammatory processes initiated with anxiety, depression, infection, inflammation, trauma, and cancer fear-like stresses of the body, and eventually terminate with smoking, antidepressants use, hemorrhoids, and urolithiasis. Because of the highly significant association of the IBS and CG, they may actually be the two sides of the same paper, and should be called as the irritable gastrointestinal syndrome. Key words: Irritable bowel syndrome, chronic gastritis, depression, smoking, acute phase reactant, fasting plasma glucose, triglycerides

Depression causes various Inflammatory Processes in the Human Body

Background: We tried to understand whether or not there are some relationships between irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), chronic gastritis (CG), depression, and various inflammatory processes in the body. Method: Consecutive patients with IBS and age and sex-matched control cases were included. Results: The study included 936 patients with IBS (592 females) and 346 control cases. Mean age of the patients was 41.0 years, and 63.2% of them were female. Although gastric sample biopsies were taken just in suspected cases, CG was diagnosed nearly in all of the patients with the IBS (80.4% vs 15.0%, p&lt;0.001). Interestingly, prevalence of antidepressants use was also higher in the IBS cases, significantly (46.4% vs 16.1%, p&lt;0.001). Similarly, smoking (35.2% vs 20.8%, p&lt;0.001), hemorrhoids (37.1% vs 7.2%, p&lt;0.001), and urolithiasis (22.0% vs 9.5%, p&lt;0.001) were all higher in the IBS patients, again. Beside that the mean values of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (111.9 vs 105.4 mg/dL, p= 0.002) and plasma triglycerides (167.0 vs 147.3 mg/dL, p= 0.013) were also higher in the IBS patients, significantly. Conclusion: Because FPG and triglycerides are well-known acute phase reactants in the body, IBS and CG may be some low-grade inflammatory processes initiated with anxiety, depression, infection, inflammation, trauma, and cancer fear-like stresses of the body, and eventually terminate with hemorrhoids and urolithiasis. Due to the highly significant associations between IBS, CG, and depression, IBS and CG may actually be the two sides of the same paper, and just be two examples of depression-induced various inflammatory processes in human body. Key words: Depression, irritable bowel syndrome, chronic gastritis, irritable gastrointestinal syndrome, smoking, fasting plasma glucose, triglycerides

THE RELATIONSHIP OF Hs-CRP IN TYPE 2 DIABETIC PATIENTS PRESENTING WITH ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION

OBJECTIVE: To determine the relationship of Hs-CRP with type 2 diabetes mellitus in patients with acute myocardial infarction. MATERIALS AND METHODS: It was a cross-sectional study conducted at Hayatabad Medical Complex, Rehman Medical Institute, and Khyber Girls Medical College Peshawar. A total of 90 subjects were enrolled in the study. These subjects were split into two equal groups; Group 1 comprised patients having type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and acute myocardial infarction (acute MI). Group 2 comprised patients having T2DM only. Patients from both genders who presented within 6-12 hours of acute MI were selected for group 1. RESULTS: Mean age of subjects of group 1 was greater than that of group 2 while the number of males within group 1 was greater than that of females. The median values of Hs-CRP were higher in group 1 subjects as compared to group 2. There was a significant difference between the values of both groups. CONCLUSION: The Hs-CRP values were higher in diabetic patients with acute MI as compared to those with diabetes alone because the patients who suffered from acute MI had enhanced ongoing low-grade inflammatory process which was a possible reason for their MI. KEYWORDS: type 2 diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease, hs-CRP, myocardial infarction, atherosclerosis.

Elbow Artery Embolization for Lateral Epicondylitis

Lateral epicondylitis, also known as tennis elbow, is characterized by a low-grade inflammatory process in the lateral aspect of the elbow. Symptoms are typically treated conservatively, and most patients show resolution or improvement of symptoms within a few months. For those with refractory symptoms, treatment options are limited with questionable benefit. Embolization of the arteries supplying the elbow decreases the neo-vascularity seen in epicondylitis. The procedure may result in marked improvement in pain and function, which has shown to be durable.

ACE2 deficiency exacerbates obesity-related glomerulopathy through its role in regulating lipid metabolism

Obesity-related glomerulopathy is a secondary glomerular disease and its incidence has been increased globally in parallel with the obesity epidemic. ORG emerged as a growing cause of end-stage renal disease in recent years. Unbalanced production of adipokines at the adipose tissue as well as low-grade inflammatory processes play central roles in ORG progression. ORG mouse model with ACE2-knockout was generated and kidney injury was evaluated by biochemistry and histological staining assays. Protein and mRNA expressions were quantified by ELISA, western blot or qRT-PCR methods. ACE2 deficiency aggravated ORG-related renal injuries and stimulated both lipid accumulation and inflammatory responses. Further, Nrf2 pathway was deactivated upon ACE2-knockout. By contrast, ACE2 overexpression reactivated Nrf2 pathway and ameliorated ORG symptoms by decreasing fat deposition and reducing inflammatory responses. Our data demonstrated that ACE2 exerted the beneficial effects by acting through Nrf2 signaling pathway, suggesting the protective role of ACE2 against lipid accumulation and inflammatory responses in ORG pathogenesis.

Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus Lcr35 Stimulates Epithelial Vaginal Defenses upon Gardnerella vaginalis Infection.

Dysbiosis of the vaginal microbiome as a result of overgrowth of anaerobic bacteria, such as Gardnerella vaginalis, and low levels of "healthy" lactobacilli leads to bacterial vaginosis (BV), usually associated with a low-grade inflammatory process. Despite appropriate antibiotic treatment, G. vaginalis-associated BV is characterized by significant recurrence. The use of probiotics could be an interesting alternative therapy due to their ability to rebalance vaginal microbiota. In this study, we investigated the effects of a well-characterized probiotic strain, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus Lcr35, on epithelial vaginal and dendritic cell (DC) immune responses after G. vaginalis infection. In an in vitro coculture model with human monocyte-derived dendritic cells and a vaginal epithelial cell (VEC) monolayer, the Lcr35 strain induced DC activation, as evidenced by the induction of maturation and synthesis of interleukin-8 (IL-8) and CCL-20 chemokines upon apical challenge of the VECs by G. vaginalis. Analysis of the vaginal epithelial response showed that the presence of Lcr35 significantly increased the production of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-8 and IL-1β and human β-defensin 2 (HBD-2), whereas the concentration of secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) was decreased in G. vaginalis-infected vaginal epithelial cells. Treatment with recombinant SLPI was associated with upregulation of Lcr35-stimulated IL-8 and HBD-2 production. These results suggest that inhibition of SLPI by Lcr35 in vaginal epithelial cells contributes to the host defense response against G. vaginalis infection.

Immune System and Microvascular Remodeling in Humans.

Low-grade inflammatory processes and related oxidative stress may have a key role in the pathogenesis of hypertension and hypertension-mediated organ damage. Innate immune cells, such as neutrophils, dendritic cells, monocytes/macrophages, as well as unconventional T lymphocytes like γδ T cells contribute to hypertension and may trigger vascular inflammation. Adaptive immunity has been demonstrated to participate in elevation of blood pressure and in vascular and kidney injury. In particular, effector T lymphocytes (Th1, Th2, and Th17) may play a relevant role in promoting hypertension and microvascular remodeling, whereas T-regulatory lymphocytes may have a protective role. Effector cytokines produced by these immune cells lead to increased oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction and contribute to target organ damage in hypertension. A possible role of immune cell subpopulations in the development and regression of microvascular remodeling has also been proposed in humans with hypertension. The present review summarizes the key immune mechanisms that may participate in the pathophysiology of hypertension-mediated inflammation and vascular remodeling; advances in this field may provide the basis for novel therapeutics for hypertension.

State of the Art: The Immunomodulatory Role of MSCs for Osteoarthritis.

Osteoarthritis (OA) has generally been introduced as a degenerative disease; however, it has recently been understood as a low-grade chronic inflammatory process that could promote symptoms and accelerate the progression of OA. Current treatment strategies, including corticosteroid injections, have no impact on the OA disease progression. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) based therapy seem to be in the spotlight as a disease-modifying treatment because this strategy provides enlarged anti-inflammatory and chondroprotective effects. Currently, bone marrow, adipose derived, synovium-derived, and Wharton’s jelly-derived MSCs are the most widely used types of MSCs in the cartilage engineering. MSCs exert immunomodulatory, immunosuppressive, antiapoptotic, and chondrogenic effects mainly by paracrine effect. Because MSCs disappear from the tissue quickly after administration, recently, MSCs-derived exosomes received the focus for the next-generation treatment strategy for OA. MSCs-derived exosomes contain a variety of miRNAs. Exosomal miRNAs have a critical role in cartilage regeneration by immunomodulatory function such as promoting chondrocyte proliferation, matrix secretion, and subsiding inflammation. In the future, a personalized exosome can be packaged with ideal miRNA and proteins for chondrogenesis by enriching techniques. In addition, the target specific exosomes could be a gamechanger for OA. However, we should consider the off-target side effects due to multiple gene targets of miRNA.

Association of serum interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein with depressive and adjustment disorders in COVID-19 inpatients

BackgroundImmune mechanisms are part of the pathophysiology of mental disorders, although their role remains controversial. In depressive disorders a chronic low-grade inflammatory process is observed, with higher interleukin-6 (IL-6) values. Furthermore, in SARS-CoV2 infection, which is closely related to depressive disorders, there is a proinflammatory cascade of cytokines that causes systemic inflammation. MethodsThe present study evaluates the relationship between IL-6 and C-reactive protein (CRP) serum levels and the presence of depressive and adjustment disorders in a sample of 1851 patients admitted to hospital for SARS-CoV2 infection from March to November 2020. Concentrations of IL-6 and CRP were determined within the first 72 ​h at admission and compared among groups of patients according to previous history and current presence of depression or adjustment disorders. ResultsIL-6 serum levels were significantly higher in the group of patients with depression and adjustment disorders compared to patients without such disorders (114.25 ​pg/mL (SD, 225.44) vs. 86.41 (SD, 202.97)), even after adjusting for several confounders. Similar results were obtained for CRP (103.94 ​mg/L (SD, 91.16) vs. 90.14 (SD, 85.73)). The absolute levels of IL-6 and CRP were higher than those of previous depression studies, and differences were only found for the subgroup of De Novo depressive or adjustment disorders. ConclusionsSerum concentrations of IL-6 and CRP are higher in COVID-19 patients with De Novo but not persistent depressive or adjustment disorders. Clinical features such as fatigue, asthenia, anhedonia, or anxiety can be the basis for this finding.

Inflammatory Cytokine IFNγ, IL-6, and IL-10 Association with Childhood Obesity

Abstract Childhood obesity carries a high risk of serious life-threatening cardiometabolic diseases in adulthood, which are associated with low-grade inflammation. The aim of the present study was to measure serum cytokine concentrations in obese children recruited during endocrinology consultations and compared to lean control the results. Blood serum concentrations of interferon gamma (IFNγ), IL-1β, Interleukin 6 IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α were analysed applying Luminex xMap technology with Millipore reagent kits. Statistical analyses were performed using t-test comparisons and Spearman correlations. Obese children had highly significant increased levels of circulating IFNγ (p &lt; 0.0001), IL-6 (p &lt; 0.0001), and IL-10 (p &lt; 0.0001), compared to lean controls. IL-1β and TNFα levels, however, were not elevated. Significant correlation of serum cytokines to per cent excess body mass was only observed with IL-6 (rs = 0.21, p &lt; 0.03), although IL-1β (rs = 0.18, p &lt; 0.08) results were suggestive of a trend. A significant association of obesity in childhood with serum concentrations of IFNγ, IL-6, and IL-10 is consistent with a role for low-grade inflammatory processes early in the aetiology of this disease. IL-6 further appears to be a candidate cytokine for assessment of degree of sub-acute inflammation associated with excess weight in the young.

Serum Heparanase: A New Clinical Biomarker Involved in Senile Metabolic Inflammatory Syndrome.

AimMetabolic inflammation syndrome (MIS) can lead to a series of complications, but its exact inflammatory mechanism is still unclear. The aim of this study was to explore the correlation between heparanase (HPA) and MIS, and the close relationship between HPA and other chronic low-grade inflammation index, such as C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6).MethodsA total of 105 patients with MIS in the physical examination population of Huashan Hospital affiliated to Fudan University from May to June 2018 were selected as the MIS group, and 52 patients who were relatively healthy during the same period were used as the control group. The basic clinical data of the selected candidates were collected, the levels of serum HPA, CRP and IL-6 were measured by ELISA, and the levels of blood glucose and blood lipids were also detected.ResultsCompared with the control group, the levels of HPA, CRP, IL-6, FBG, HbA1C, and TG of MIS group were all significantly elevated (all P<0.05), and HDL-C levels were considerably reduced (P<0.05). Correlation analysis showed that there was a noticeably positive correlation between serum HPA level and CRP, IL-6 levels (P<0.05).ConclusionHigher HPA levels might play a certain role in the occurrence and development of MIS. There was a certain close correlation between serum HPA level and CRP and IL-6 levels, and which indicated that HPA was involved in the chronic low-grade inflammatory reaction process of MIS.

Evalution of the effect of obesity-associated inflammation on the response to complex therapy in hypertensive elderly patients with coronary artery disease

Object: to identify factors that limit the effectiveness of pharmacotherapy of hypertension (HT) with comorbid coronary artery disease (CAD) in elderly obese patients by determining laboratory and spectroscopy features related to inflammation. Material and methods: 60 patients (68.2 ± 5.9 y.o.) were observed and treated in Internal Medicine Department of University Clinic of Odessa National Medical University. Patients were divided into 2 groups. The 1st group included patients (n = 30) with body mass index (BMI) ≤25 kg/m2, HT and co-morbid CAD; the 2nd group (n = 30) - patients with BMI≥30 kg/m2, HT and with co-morbid CAD. For each patient’s group antihypertensive combination of Lisinopril and Bisoprolol was prescribed. The Laser correlation spectroscopy (LCS) was a special method for investigation. Results: before pharmacotherapy (PT) in both groups according to LCS 11-150 nm particles are prevailing. But in obese patients 75th percentile of 31-70 nm particles exceeds that one in non-obese group (56.7% vs 30.5%). During PT systolic blood pressure (SBP) value normalized in the patients of 1st group (without obesity), while in the obese patients (2nd group) SBP remained above target level. Creatinine level increased in patients of 1st group (without obesity) by 16.5 μmol / L (p &lt;0.05) with a decrease in GFR by 17.1 ml/min/1.73 m2 (P &lt;0.05). LCS data during PT show increase of 11-30 nm and decrease of 75-150 nm particles in non-obese patients, while in obese patients 71-150 nm particles are prevailing and 150 nm particles have appeared (p&lt;0.05). Conclusions: 1. In elderly hypertensive patients with concomitant CAD, obesity is a factor limiting the effectiveness of complex antihypertensive therapy. 2. An increase of proportion of allergic-directed and appearance of autoimmune-directed homeostatic shifts in serum according to LCS are associated with a decrease of antihypertensive therapy efficacy in elderly hypertensive patients with CAD and obesity. 3. In hypertensive non-obese patients with CAD under the influence of complex antihypertensive therapy deteriorating of renal function is observed while in obesity renal function is not changed. 4. Homeostatic changes revealed in the second group by LCS values probably reflect manifestation of low grade inflammatory process caused by excessive activity of adipose tissue.

POS-439 A STUDY OF OXIDATIVE STRESS, INFLAMMATION AND ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION IN DIABETIC AND NON-DIABETIC CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE PRE-DIALYSIS PATIENTS

Oxidative stress, inflammation and endothelial dysfunction represent a key triad for the development and progression of atherosclerosis. Due to the chronic low-grade inflammatory process in patients of chronic kidney disease, the concentrations of various inflammatory, endothelial and oxidative stress markers would be high, and in patients with diabetic in comparison with patients with non-diabetic chronic kidney disease the values will be higher. The present study was undertaken to assess the oxidative stress, inflammatory biomarkers and endothelial dysfunction in diabetic and non-diabetic Chronic kidney disease pre-dialysis patients.