Low Fence Research Articles

Spatial frequency domain imaging combining profile correction enables accurate real-time quantitative mapping of optical properties of apples

Spatial frequency domain imaging technology enables non-contact, wide-field quantitative analysis of optical properties in strong turbid media, thereby enhancing bruise detection in fruits based on changes in optical property values. However, precise and real-time measurement of the optical properties of curved biological materials is challenging due to the significant influence of tissue contours. This paper primarily presents a research study on real-time correction method based on the property that DC component diffuse reflectance (Rd_DC) and AC component diffuse reflectance (Rd_AC) are influenced by the contour trend of the tissue in a similar manner. The aim of this method is to eliminate the significant impact of sample contour angle on demodulation and enhance the detection of apple bruise. Sinusoidal illumination at a spatial frequency of 0.2 mm−1 was projected at 730 nm, with the experiments carried out on standard reflector, polytetrafluoroethylene sphere, and non-bruised and bruised apples. The results showed that, the relative error of the planar standard reflector decreased from the maximum value of 52.85–4.74%. The median of the Rd_AC for the polytetrafluoroethylene spherical standard, which fluctuated between 0.6 and 0.8, was corrected to the theoretical value of 1. For normal apples, the maximum fluctuation in the standard deviation of Rd_AC, after median filtering, reduced from 172.94% at 300×300 pixels to 18.69%. The boxplot of Rd_AC for bruised apples became smaller, with the lower fence being corrected from nearly 0–0.1750, which closely matched the theoretical value of 0.17. Additionally, the correlation of reduced scattering coefficient (μs′) in the ideal region of interest (100×100 pixels) remained at 0.9785 before and after correction, while other areas were corrected, making the bruising more pronounced. The correction method did not require additional experiments, with the consumed time in millisecond level.

231 Tillaux Fracture in a 40-Year-Old Man: A Rare Case Report

Abstract Tillaux fracture is an intra-articular Salter-Harris III fracture affecting the anterolateral aspect of the distal tibia. It is commonly seen in children and adolescents but rare for adults. As Tillaux fracture can be unstable, misdiagnosis may result in delayed surgical treatment and development of complications such as post-traumatic arthritis and persistent syndesmotic instability. A case of adult Tillaux fracture is reported, involving a 40-year-old gentleman who sustained a low energy injury. He presented to local hospital after being assaulted by a stranger. He tripped over a low fence and sprained his left ankle in external rotation. On examination, he was not able to weight bear. There were swelling and focal tenderness at the triangular concavity of distal fibula. Ankle X-Ray was reported as normal. It required CT scan for diagnosis after reviewed by orthopaedics team at fracture clinic. The patient was subsequently treated with lag screw fixation and recovered after 6 weeks post-operatively. This case highlights the importance of a systematic method to interpret ankle X-Ray. It is essential to observe the tibio-fibular overlap and any change in the outline of bony cortex of the fibular notch. CT scan has a high sensitivity in delineating fracture pattern hence it should be performed when there is difficulty to confirm the diagnosis solely based on X-Ray. In conclusion, Tillaux fracture should be suspected when patients present with external rotation injury. There should be low threshold to perform CT scan when there is any uncertainty with the ankle X-Ray interpretation.

Brandon is a Wig-Maker

Brandon is a Wig-Maker Nico Amador (bio) Sunny in Los Angeles. Boulevard said to different effect than street.The mood is languorous as a poolside brunette, lime trees reachingover the low fence to drop their fragrant leaves at her feet.The afternoon was full of pictures, the intersections full of noise.Delivery men on motorized bicycles and someone's daughter dressingthe mannequin in a shop beneath the studio, accessorizing,the smog too adding glamor, a pink enhancement at dusk.Beauty is something claimed, confidence is borrowed—half-worn, half-spoken—energy, I guess. A plastic bird of paradise,a new mid-century sofa. Not pretending but not-not pretending.A posture toward that question: What words to use?His hand on my leg, my body spelling out its preferences.Chandelier, I tell him, pomelo, aqueduct, whatever turns you on. [End Page 94] Nico Amador Nico Amador is a poet, community organizer and facilitator based in Vermont by way of San Diego and Philadelphia. His poems have appeared with Poetry Unbound, Bettering American Poetry, Poem-a-Day, The Cortland Review, Hypertext Review, The Visible Poetry Project and elsewhere. His chapbook, Flower Wars, was selected as the winner of the Anzaldúa Poetry Prize and was published by Newfound Press in 2017. He is a grant recipient from the Vermont Arts Council, an alum of the Lambda Literary Foundation's Writers Retreat and an MFA candidate at Bennington College. Copyright © 2022 Pleiades and Pleiades Press

Fencing affects African wild dog movement patterns and population dynamics

AbstractWildlife fences are often considered an important tool in conservation. Fences are used in attempts to prevent human–wildlife conflict and reduce poaching, despite known negative impacts on landscape connectivity and animal movement patterns. Such impacts are likely to be particularly important for wide-ranging species, such as the African wild dogLycaon pictus, which requires large areas of continuous habitat to fulfil its resource requirements. Laikipia County in northern Kenya is an important area for wild dogs but new wildlife fences are increasingly being built in this ecosystem. Using a long-term dataset from the area's free-ranging wild dog population, we evaluated the effect of wildlife fence structure on the ability of wild dogs to cross them. The extent to which fences impeded wild dog movement differed between fence designs, although individuals crossed fences of all types. Purpose-built fence gaps increased passage through relatively impermeable fences. Nevertheless, low fence permeability can lead to packs, or parts of packs, becoming trapped on the wrong side of a fence, with consequences for population dynamics. Careful evaluation should be given to the necessity of erecting fences; ecological impact assessments should incorporate evaluation of impacts on animal movement patterns and should be undertaken for all large-scale fencing interventions. Where fencing is unavoidable, projects should use the most permeable fencing structures possible, both in the design of the fence and including as many purpose-built gaps as possible, to minimize impacts on wide-ranging wildlife.

Construction and Applications of Stairboxplot for Exploratory Data Analysis

The classical construction of boxplot requires estimates of five robust statistics of interest namely, the first quartile, the median, the third quartile, the lower fence and the upper fence. The fence estimate is usually dependent on the three quartiles and is utilized to visually identify outliers in a batch of univariate dataset. Some scholars are critical of the limitation of boxplox to display individual data points, density of observations and distributional shape in multiple batch comparison among to mention. In this paper display enhancement to address the limitations of classical boxplot is proposed according to a new construction method called stairboxplot. The construction begins with display of four stairs of consecutive boxes according to quadbins to replace box and whiskers in the classical boxplot construction and an inscription of individual observations using scale adjusted outlyingness estimate of each data point. The advantage of stairboxplot as a data display toolkit was explored using simulation and real life dataset.

17 Comparing Natural Vegetation and Food Plot Preference against Supplemental Protein Pellets in Captive White-tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and Exotic Species

Abstract Supplemental feed is the most expensive input in the captive wildlife industries. This is due to operations utilizing high-energy pellets as supplemental feed. Low fence operations often utilize food plots with high quality vegetation to minimize cost and increase forage availability for wildlife. The objective of this study was to determine forage preference of animals in captivity, and determine the most cost effective method of supplemental feeding. Seven food plots covering 25 acres contained one of three treatments. The treatments were: a commercial blend of soybeans; a commercial blend of soybeans, sunflowers, and milo; native/unplanted. Three utilization cages were set up to inhibit wildlife access to samples within each food plot to act as a control. Height of vegetative samples, inside and outside of the utilization cages, was collected on days 30, 60, and 90 after planting. The 30-d sample showed a preference of native/unplanted vegetation over the commercial treatments, P < 0.05. However, samples taken on days 60 and 90 showed the preference shifted toward the commercial blends, P < 0.05. This browsing preference indicates stage of maturity had an impact on plant selection. Regardless of sample date, the commercial blends showed a difference of P < 0.01, selecting the soybean blend more frequently. With an increased selection of the forages in the food plots, there was a decrease in cost of purchasing feed pellets with a total savings of approximately $5,500.00 from April 5-July 5, 2019. These results suggest that white-tailed deer and exotic species in captivity prefer forages compared to pelleted feed. Supplemental feeding programs that include food plots could allow for natural feeding tendencies, while being more cost effective for operations in the captive wildlife industries.

16 Comparing Natural Vegetation and Food Plot Preference against Supplemental Protein Pellets in Captive White-tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and Exotic Species

Abstract Supplemental feed is the most expensive input in the captive wildlife industries. This is due to operations utilizing high-energy pellets as supplemental feed. Low fence operations often utilize food plots with high quality vegetation to minimize cost and increase forage availability for wildlife. The objective of this study was to determine forage preference of animals in captivity, and determine the most cost effective method of supplemental feeding. Seven food plots covering 25 acres contained one of three treatments. The treatments were: a commercial blend of soybeans; a commercial blend of soybeans, sunflowers, and milo; native/unplanted. Three utilization cages were set up to inhibit wildlife access to samples within each food plot to act as a control. Height of vegetative samples, inside and outside of the utilization cages, was collected on days 30, 60, and 90 after planting. The 30-day sample showed a preference of native/unplanted vegetation over the commercial treatments, P < 0.05. However, samples taken on days 60 and 90 showed the preference shifted toward the commercial blends, P < 0.05. This browsing preference indicates stage of maturity had an impact on plant selection. Regardless of sample date, the commercial blends showed a difference of P < 0.01, selecting the soybean blend more frequently. With an increased selection of the forages in the food plots, there was a decrease in cost of purchasing feed pellets with a total savings of approximately $5,500.00 from April 5-July 5, 2019. These results suggest that white-tailed deer and exotic species in captivity prefer forages compared to pelleted feed. Supplemental feeding programs that include food plots could allow for natural feeding tendencies, while being more cost effective for operations in the captive wildlife industries.

“Low Fences”: Reflections on Intimacy across Scales

ABSTRACT This short reflection on “intimacy” considers the cross-ethnic labor coalitions at the CPC plantation camp in Wahiawa O’ahu to thread conversations about solidarity together with theorizations of intimacy. Whereas Euro-American notions of modernity as demonstrating dominion over nature and alienation from labor rely on conquest and environmental degradation, relational epistemology belies the framework of possession by understanding nature and the human as fundamentally interconnected rather than in contention with one another. Intimacy as relation upends intimacy as (self-)possession, and in so doing, it facilitates affinity and solidarity across differences rather than producing the coercive intimacy of appropriation and domination.

Riparian and Upland Afforestation: Improving Success by Excluding Deer from Small Areas with Low Fencing

We propose that small patches of land protected by low (1.2-m tall) fence is a viable approach for restoring and/or conserving forests in riparian or upland areas with high white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus Zimmerman) populations. We also propose that this new approach may be advantageous because, unlike tree shelters, fenced areas protect shrubs just as well as trees in afforestation projects. Multi-year field experiments were performed involving deer exclosures where fence height and fenced area were manipulated in upland and lowland pasture and forest settings. Results show that low fencing significantly increased seedling survival and growth relative to unfenced areas when fenced areas were small (i.e., less than or equal to ∼100 m2). Moreover, tall fencing (1.8 or 2.3 m) did not provide significantly greater protection than shorter (1.2-m) fencing when the fenced areas were kept small. We propose that creating small patches of deer-free pasture or forest habitat will greatly support new approaches to afforestation such as applied nucleation. Finally, we show that low-stature fencing may also have application for protecting larger areas (≥0.8 ha) if the fencing is deployed around the perimeter as two low fences erected in parallel and with a small (3-m) space between them. We conclude that low fencing can result in levels of survival and growth of both trees and shrubs suitable to meet the success criteria for afforestation projects funded by the US federal government.

The efficacy of combined educational and site management actions in reducing off-trail hiking in an urban-proximate protected area

Park and protected area managers are tasked with protecting natural environments, a particularly daunting challenge in heavily visited urban-proximate areas where flora and fauna are already stressed by external threats. In this study, an adaptive management approach was taken to reduce extensive off-trail hiking along a popular trail through an ecologically diverse and significant area in the Chesapeake and Ohio National Historical Park near Washington DC. Substantial amounts of off-trail hiking there had created an extensive 16.1 km network of informal (visitor-created) trails on a 39 ha island in the Potomac Gorge. A research design with additive treatments integrating educational and site management actions was applied and evaluated using self-reported behavior from an on-site visitor survey and unobtrusive observations of off-trail hiking behavior at two locations along the trail. Study treatments included: 1) trailhead educational signs developed using attribution theory and injunctive-proscriptive wording, 2) symbolic “no hiking” prompter signs attached to logs placed across all informal trails, 3) placement of concealing leaf litter and small branches along initial sections of informal trails, 4) restoration work on selected trails with low fencing, and 5) contact with a trail steward to personally communicate the trailhead sign information. The final, most comprehensive treatment reduced visitor-reported intentional off-trail hiking from 70.3% to 43.0%. Direct observations documented reduction in off-trail hiking from 25.9% to 2.0%. The educational message and site management actions both contributed to the decline in off-trail travel and the two evaluation methods enhanced our ability to describe the efficacy of the different treatments in reducing off-trail travel.

Assessment of the American Medical Association guide to the evaluation of binaural hearing impairment

Objective: To assess the American Medical Association (AMA) guide to the evaluation of binaural hearing impairment (BHI) as a procedure for estimating severity of hearing loss from audiograms. Design: The BHIs of Australian war veterans were calculated from their hearing threshold levels (HTLs) and compared with their scores on a hearing questionnaire, the hearing measurement scale (HMS). Study sample: The HTLs of 282 Australian war veterans were measured at frequencies from 0.25 to 8 kHz and scores on the HMS were obtained from 154 of those veterans. Results: No grounds could be found for altering the frequencies included in the average HTL or the high fence of 92 dB HL used in calculating the monaural hearing impairments (MHIs) of the veterans, and no grounds could be found for altering the ratio of 5:1 used in determining the BHI from the MHIs of the better and worse ears. However, agreement between HMS score and BHI was improved by reducing the low fence used in calculating MHI from 25 to 15 dB HL. Conclusion: A modified version of BHI provided an improved procedure for estimating severity of hearing loss from audiograms but would not be suitable for compensation purposes.

The Construction of Non-Motorized Transportation Network Based on Residents' Preference in Urban Central Area

To deal with the serious impact on urban traffic, society, ecological environment and energy system by the aggregated motorization in cities, both China and foreign countries have gradually come up with a series of policies and initiatives targeting at the non-motorized traffic by cyclists and pedestrians. Under such a background, the research studies four sub-districts of Tuanjie hu, Hujialou, Liulitun and Balizhuang at the central area of Chaoyang District, Beijing, and tries to find the interrelation between the preferences of non-motorized agents in densely populated urban central area and the construction of non-motorized transportation network. By discussing the non-motorized travel routes, road patterns and facility layout according to various needs of the target group, the research aims to deal with the construction of non-motorized transportation system in the densely populated central area in Beijing. Through questionnaire and interview, the research conducts an in-depth survey on residents travel purposes, behavioral regularities and users assessment for the current non-motorized routes, and acquires an understanding about their preferences on choice of roads due to different travel purposes, problems from using current non-motorized routes and thereby their preferred road patterns, and the preferred facility layout that meet local residents behavioral regularities. By simulating the optimization of two types of non-motorized routes for commute and recreation with the Cost Distance Module, the research constructs three types of non-motorized routes: comprehensive, commute and recreation, with a total length of 65.8km. The research also reconstructs the road patterns for urban expressway, major arterial, minor arterial and connector on the road section for commute and recreation, adding green belts and low road fence to segment non-motorized routes. Meanwhile, the research establishes a three-tier NMT facility service center system which incorporates bicycle service (ranging from bike renting, parking and maintenance to vehicle shift), NMT signs, informational signs, vendor booths, public bathrooms, benches, and trash bins. Thus an integral non-motorized traffic network at the urban central area of Beijing is built up.

Scanning electron microscopic observation on the development of conical papillae in Korean native goats (Capra hircus)

The aim of this study was to investigate the morphological development pattern of conical papilla (CP) on prenatal and postnatal periods in Korean native goats by scanning electron microscopy. Tongues were removed from fetuses on days 90, 120, and neonates and from juveniles on days 30, 50, 60, 75, 90, 120, 150 and 180 after birth. The lengths of CP were 194~240 μm in the neonates, 335~485 μm in the weaning period of 60-day-old goats, and 526~662 μm in the maturing period of 180-day-old goats. The primordia of CP in 90-day-old fetuses, shaped like mountain berry, were sprouted. The CP of 120-day-old fetuses was a cylinder shape with apex whose center was a little bit concave and the margin was sticking up like a low fence. The CP of neonates was empty inside and the secondary papillae were irregularly arranged fence-like structures on it. In 60-dayold goats, CP was an obliquely sectioned cylinder shape compacted in inner surface. 120-day-old goats had various shapes of CP, which surface was smooth. 150- and 180-dayold goats had a low elevation of CP. The microridges, microplicae and micropits were well developed on the epithelial surface of lingual papillae from 60- to 120-day-old goats. These findings indicate that CP of goat has a variety of sizes and shapes during development.

Occupational Noise-Induced Hearing Loss in Indian Steel Industry Workers

The present study focused on exploring the current level of hearing protection and subsequently determined the prevalence of occupational noise-induced hearing loss among casting and forging industry workers. The casting and forging industry provides employment to a significant portion of the population. The level of hearing protection was assessed through questionnaire survey of 572 workers. Out of these workers, 165 and another control group of 57 participants were assessed by formal audiometry. Audiometric tests were conducted at frequencies of 1.0 KHz to 8.0 KHz.The occurrence of hearing loss was determined on the basis of a hearing threshold level with a low fence of 25 dB. Student's test and ANOVA were used to compare the various groups; a p value < .05 was considered statistically significant. More than 90% of the workers sampled showed significant hearing loss at medium and high frequencies. The analyses revealed a higher prevalence of significant hearing loss among the forging workers compared with the workers associated with the other activities. The workers of the Indian steel industry are highly exposed to occupational noise. The majority of workers are not protected from noise-induced hearing loss. There is a need to provide special ear protectors for workers engaged in forging. A complete hearing protection program, including training, audiometry, job rotation, and the use of hearing protection devices, needs to be introduced.

Prevalence of permanent hearing threshold shift among workers of Indian iron and steel small and medium enterprises: a study.

Occupational noise exposure and noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) have been recognized as a problem among workers in Indian industries. The major industries in India are based on manufacturing. There are appreciable numbers of casting and forging units spread across the country. The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of permanent hearing threshold shift among the workers engaged in Indian iron and steel small and medium enterprises (SMEs) and compared with control group subjects. As a part of hearing protection intervention, audiometric tests were conducted at low (250-1000 Hz), medium (1500-3000 Hz), and high (4000-8000 Hz) frequencies. The occurrence of hearing loss was determined based on hearing threshold levels with a low fence of 25 dB. Comparisons were made for hearing threshold at different frequencies between the exposed and control groups using Student's t test. ANOVA was used for the comparison of hearing threshold dB at different frequencies among occupation and year of experience. A P value <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. All data were presented as mean value (SD). Over 90% of workers engaged in various processes of casting and forging industry showed hearing loss in the noise-sensitive medium and higher frequencies. Occupation was significantly associated with NIHL, and hearing loss was particularly high among the workers of forging section. The analyses revealed a higher prevalence of significant hearing loss among the forging workers compared to the workers associated with other activities. The study shows alarming signals of NIHL, especially in forging workers. The occupational exposure to noise could be minimized by efficient control measures through engineering controls, administrative controls, and the use of personal protective devices. Applications of engineering and/or administrative controls are frequently not feasible in the developing countries for technical and financial reasons. A complete hearing conservation programme, including training, audiometry, job rotation, and the use of hearing protection devices, is the most feasible method for the protection of industrial workers from prevailing noise in workplace environments in the developing countries.

The AMA Method of Estimation of Hearing Disability: A Validation Study

To test the assumptions of the 1979 American Medical Association (AMA) method for estimation of hearing disability. One thousand and one patients attending five regional audiology centers competed conventional audiometric testing and the Communication Profile for the Hearing Impaired. A Communication Performance (CP) score calculated from scales of the Communication Profile for the Hearing Impaired served as the gold standard for self-assessed hearing disability. Pure-tone thresholds and word recognition scores (WRSs), and combinations thereof, were compared with the CP scores using correlation and multiple regression analysis. Several different better-ear pure-tone averages (PTAs) correlated reasonably well with self-assessed CP; none were significantly better than the 0.5, 1, 2, and 3 kHz PTA used in the current AMA method. Better-ear to worse-ear weights ranging from 3:1 to 9:1 performed similarly, but none were better than the AMA better-ear weight of 5:1. The AMA method assumes no disability below 25 dB HL and linear growth of disability above this "low fence"; this study showed a similar relationship between PTA and self-assessed hearing disability. There were too few subjects with severe and profound speech-frequency losses to permit validation of the AMA "high fence" of 92 dB HL. Combining pure-tone thresholds and WRSs improved prediction of hearing disability only very slightly. This study supports the continued use of the 1979 AMA method. Incorporation of WRSs, as typically measured clinically, into methods of estimating hearing disability is not supported because of negligible improvement in accuracy and inability to control exaggeration for speech tests in medical-legal settings.

Reproducing Difference: Gated Communities in Canada and Israel

Historical and cultural studies of residential enclaves reveal the range of patterns within a phenomenon that some have treated essentially as the result of contemporary neoliberal conditions. Gated and enclosed communities are by no means new, nor are they the product of universal principles or circumstances. Among other things, they reflect historical conditions, contemporary concerns, cultural ambitions and inter-group dynamics. Based largely on comparisons of national inventories of gated communities in Israel and Canada, this article explores some of the articulations and functions of enclosure. It illuminates the contrasts within a set of historic and contemporary enclosed and segregated settlements, and seeks to develop a framework to account for the range of patterns found and some of the motivations behind them. While many enclaves in Israel feature extensive security measures that include armed guards, Canadian gated communities typically use weak devices such as low fences. The patterns employed to mark difference reinforce divergent social conditions and generate varying spatial consequences. The comparison reveals variations in who produces enclosure, how, and for what purposes.

La influencia de técnicas manuales en la fuerza muscular respiratoria, capacidad funcional y movilidad del reborde costal de ancianos

Introduction: To verify if manual techniques modifies the mobility of the costal low fence, the respiratory muscle strength and the functional capacity of senior. Materials and Methods: The sample was composed by 13 older, healthy, sendentary men divided in control group (n=7) and experimental group (n=6). After screen, it was made the initial mensuracao (ΔINI) of the variables: functional capacity, by the 6min walking test; maximum inspiratory and expiratory pressures, by manuvacuometry; and thoracic circumferences, by toracometry. Such a measured ones happened in more two moments: middleman and final (ΔFIM). The intervention was composed by pompage, muscle-energy and articulatories techniques, and it accomplished three weekly times, totaling 10 sessions. Were comparisons inter-groups made by the test “t” non pareado and intra-groups by ANOVA with post hoc Tukey, all with α=0.05. Results: It was not significant differences for the variables maximum pressures and thoracic mobility. In the comparisons intra-groups of 6min walk test, Tukey indicated difference between ΔINI and ΔFIM, (p<0.01), showing that the volunteers improved your acting. However, in the comparisons inter-groups, statistical difference was not observed. Discussion: There was just influence on the functional capacity of EG.

Influence of manual techniques in the respiratory muscle strength, functional capacity and mobility of the costal grid of senior

Introduction: To verify if manual techniques modifies the mobility of the costal low fence, the respiratory muscle strength and the functional capacity of senior. Materials and Methods: The sample was composed by 13 older, healthy, sendentary men divided in control group (n=7) and experimental group (n=6). After screen, it was made the initial mensuracao (ΔINI) of the variables: functional capacity, by the 6min walking test; maximum inspiratory and expiratory pressures, by manuvacuometry; and thoracic circumferences, by toracometry. Such a measured ones happened in more two moments: middleman and final (ΔFIM). The intervention was composed by pompage, muscle-energy and articulatories techniques, and it accomplished three weekly times, totaling 10 sessions. Were comparisons inter-groups made by the test “t” non pareado and intra-groups by ANOVA with post hoc Tukey, all with α=0.05. Results: It was not significant differences for the variables maximum pressures and thoracic mobility. In the comparisons intra-groups of 6min walk test, Tukey indicated difference between ΔINI and ΔFIM, (p<0.01), showing that the volunteers improved your acting. However, in the comparisons inter-groups, statistical difference was not observed. Discussion: There was just influence on the functional capacity of EG.

Occupational noise exposure and hearing loss among pulse processing workers

Occupational noise exposure and noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) has been recognised as a problem among workers in Indian industries. The major industries in India are based on the processing of agricultural products. There are appreciable numbers of pulse processing units spread throughout the country. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of hearing loss among pulse processing workers. As a part of hearing protection intervention, audiometric tests were conducted at the binaural low (250–1,500 Hz), the binaural mid (1,500–4,000 Hz) and the binaural high (3,000–8,000 Hz) frequency averages. The prevalence of hearing loss was determined based on hearing threshold levels (HTLs) with a low fence of 25 dB. Over 50% of pulse processing workers (dana bazaar and dal mill) showed hearing loss in the noise-sensitive higher (binaural mid and high) frequencies. The rate of hearing loss was particularly high among workers in the dal mill. The analyses show a higher risk of prevalence of hearing loss among the dal mill workers compared to the workers associated with the grain preprocessing activities. The study shows alarming signals of NIHL, especially in the dal mill workers. The occupational exposure to noise could be minimised by efficient control measures through engineering controls, administrative controls and the use of personal protective devices. Applications of engineering and/or administrative controls are frequently not feasible in developing countries for technical and financial reasons. A complete hearing conservation programme, including training, audiometry and the use of hearing protection devices, is the most feasible method for the protection of industrial workers from prevailing noise in workplace environments in the developing countries.