Low-energy Fractures Research Articles

Risk factors for decreased bone mineral density in patients with Hodgkin’s lymphoma

BACKGROUND: Osteoporosis is a disease characterized by a decrease in bone mineral density that leads to low-energy fractures. Hodgkin’s lymphoma, which occurs mainly in young people (16–35 years), may be one of the causes of impaired bone remodeling. Given the high prevalence of osteoporosis in young patients with Hodgkin’s lymphoma, it is important to identify early predictors of the development of osteoporosis. AIM: To evaluate risk factors for decreased bone mineral density in patients with Hodgkin’s lymphoma receiving pathogenetic therapy. MATERIALS AND METHOD: The study included 63 patients with Hodgkin’s lymphoma and 30 healthy volunteers who served as controls. All participants completed a questionnaire to identify common and specific risk factors for osteoporosis. Common risk factors included sex, age, body mass index, history of fractures in the patient and immediate family, use of hormone replacement therapy, proton pump inhibitors, corticosteroids, comorbidities, amenorrhea in women, level of physical activity, and calcium intake. Specific risk factors for osteoporosis included polychemotherapy as a pathogenetic therapy for Hodgkin’s lymphoma. RESULTS: The study identified four main risk factors for the development of osteopenia/osteoporosis in young patients with Hodgkin lymphoma following pathogenetic therapy such as use of proton pump inhibitors, corticosteroids, chemotherapy-induced amenorrhea in women, and low physical activity. CONCLUSION: Methods for predicting and preventing osteoporosis have not yet been developed for young patients, as this disease is considered to be associated with old age. However, some groups of young patients are at high risk for disruption of bone microarchitecture with low-energy fractures, significantly reducing quality of life. All these factors make early detection of osteoporosis predictors important.

Factores predictivos del ingreso hospitalario y sociosanitario en la fijación de fracturas de tobillo por trauma de baja energía

IntroductionAnkle fractures are increasingly common in frail patients, with hospitalization being the principal cost driver, particularly for the elderly who often need referral to nursing facilities. This study aims to identify factors affecting resource utilization per admission (hospital and nursing) in the fixation of low-energy ankle fractures. Materials and methodsThis retrospective cohort study examined patients undergoing fixation for low-energy ankle fractures. The primary outcome was the length of hospitalization. Secondary outcomes included delays in fixation and the need for referral to a nursing institution. Multiple linear and logistic regression models were used to determine predictors related to patient demographics, injury characteristics, and treatment. ResultsWe analyzed 651 patients with a median age of 58years. The median hospitalization duration was 9days, primarily before surgery. Extended hospitalization was associated with antithrombotic treatment (b=4.08), fracture-dislocation (2.26), skin compromise (7.56), complications (9.90), and discharge to a nursing center (5.56). Referral to a nursing facility occurred in 17.2%, associated with older age (OR=1.10) and an ASA score ≥III (6.96). ConclusionsProlonged hospitalization was mainly due to surgical delays and was related to fracture-dislocations, skin compromise, and complications. Older and comorbid patients were more likely to need nursing facilities, and delays in these facilities’ availability contributed to extended hospital stays.

Waiting for surgery after hip fracture-Health and/or economic risk?

Waiting for surgery is a disconcerting experience. It can have a negative impact on patients' outcomes and length of stay (LOS) as driver for treatment costs. Process-optimisation may be a strategy to improve quality and cost-efficacy. The study investigates the correlation between waiting for hip fracture surgery and patient characteristics, organisational variables, outcomes, LOS, and the distribution of waiting times and LOS over time, including cost estimates. Thereby the study aims to identify the potential for organisational improvements with respect to managing the waiting time. Ten-year routine health data (patient characteristics and follow-up information) and process-indicators that is, waiting time and LOS from a Swiss trauma-centre were analysed retrospectively. Cost-estimates were calculated based on Swiss diagnosis related groups and daily costs to evaluate hospital revenues. In total, 2572 patients aged ≥60years with low-energy hip fractures were included. Waiting times >48h were associated with sub-optimal outcomes. Over the years long waiting times decreased. This reduction was not reflected by a reduction in LOS which remained stable around 10days, primarily driven by late discharge to in-patient rehabilitation. Reimbursement persisted at an average revenue in the low 4-5-digit range, depending on implant costs. While there has been a reduction of waiting times, this has not translated into a reduction of LOS or potential savings in health care costs, due to the various dependencies along the patient journey. Managing waiting times may be an area for improvement, increasing cost-efficacy, especially since long waiting times are still associated with inferior outcomes and LOS.

Ankle osteoarthritis: Toward new understanding and opportunities for prevention and intervention.

The ankle infrequently develops primary osteoarthritis (OA), especially when compared to the hip and the knee. Ankle OA instead generally develops only after trauma. The consequences of end-stage ankle OA can nonetheless be extremely debilitating, with impairment comparable to that of end-stage kidney disease or congestive heart failure. Disconcertingly, evidence suggests that ankle OA can develop more often than is generally appreciated after even low-energy rotational ankle fractures and chronic instability associated with recurrent ankle sprains, albeit at a slower rate than after more severe trauma. The mechanisms whereby ankle OA develops after trauma are poorly understood, but mechanical factors are implicated. A better understanding of the prevalence and mechanical etiology of post-traumatic ankle OA can lead to better prevention and mitigation. New surgical and conservative interventions, including improved ligamentous repair strategies and custom carbon fiber bracing, hold promise for advancing treatment that may prevent residual ankle instability and the development of ankle OA. Studies are needed to fill in key knowledge gaps here related to etiology so that the interventions can target key factors. New technologies, including weight bearing CT and biplane fluoroscopy, offer fresh opportunities to better understand the relationships between trauma, ankle alignment, residual ankle instability, OA development, and foot/ankle function. This paper begins by reviewing the epidemiology of post-traumatic ankle OA, presents evidence suggesting that new treatment options might be successful at preventing ankle OA, and then highlights recent technical advances in understanding of the origins of ankle OA to identify directions for future research.

Ukrainian guidelines for the prevention and treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis

Introduction. Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP) is a bone metabolic disease that develops as a result of glucocorticoid (GC) use, is one of the most frequent causes of secondary osteoporosis, leads to an increase in the risk of low-energy fractures, disability and mortality of GC users. Despite the few stu­dies conducted in Ukraine on the epidemiology and treatment of GIOP, there have been no national recommendations for its ma­nagement until now, which has become the background for their creation. The purpose was to develop national guidelines for the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of GIOP based on the analytical analysis of modern literary sources to improve the awareness of the medical community of Ukraine, improve management, and reduce the socio-economic burden of the disease. Materials and ­methods. A group of 18 experts, leading Ukrainian scientists in various fields, was created to develop the guideline. An analysis of current literary sources on epidemiology, risk factors, diagnosis, prevention and treatment of GIOP, and monitoring of the effectiveness and safety of its treatment was carried out. Evidence was synthesized ­using the GRADE system, and a critical assessment of the quality of the recommendations was carried out using the AGREE II tool. ­Results. The guideline consists of 12 provisions on screening, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of GIOP. The authors emphasized the need to increase the awareness of the medical community of Ukraine regarding the problem, as well as patients regarding the possible side effects of GC. They presented the features of the clinical assessment of the osteoporotic fracture risk in GC users, as well as modern and available in Ukraine methods of diagnosis and treatment of GIOP. Conclusion. The first Ukrainian guideline for screening, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of GIOP is an important national tool for its management, which is recommended by the Board of the Ukrainian Association of Osteoporosis for use in practical health care by doctors of various specialties.

Mortality, perioperative complications and surgical timelines in hip fracture patients: Comparison of the Spanish with the non-Spanish Cohort of the HIP ATTACK-1 trial

BackgroundHip fractures carry a substantial risk of complications and death. This study aimed to report the 90-day incidence of mortality, major perioperative complications and in-hospital timelines after a hip fracture in the Spanish HIP ATTACK-1 trial cohort, comparing with the non-Spanish cohort. MethodsProspective cohort study of Spanish patients nested in the HIP ATTACK-1 trial. The HIP ATTACK-1 was an international, randomized, controlled trial (17 countries, 69 hospitals, 7 in Spain, highest recruiting country). Patients were randomized to either accelerated surgery (goal of surgery within 6 h of diagnosis) or standard care. Participants were ≥45 years of age who presented with a low-energy hip fracture requiring surgery. ResultsAmong 534 patients in the Spanish cohort, 69 (12.9 %) patients died at 90 days follow-up, compared to 225 (9.2 %) in the non-Spanish cohort (p = 0.009), mostly due to higher nonvascular related mortality. A composite of major postoperative complication occurred in 126 patients (23.6 %). The most common perioperative complications were myocardial injury (189 patients, 35.4 %), infection with no sepsis (86 patients, 16.1 %) and perioperative delirium (84 patients, 15.7 %); all these complication rates in Spain were significantly higher than the non-Spanish patients (29.2 % p = 0.005; 11.9 % p = 0.008 and 9.2 % p < 0.0001, respectively). Spanish cohort patients were older and had more comorbidities than the non-Spanish cohort, evidencing their greater frailty at baseline. Among Spanish patients, the median time from hip fracture diagnosis to surgery was 30.0 h (IQR 21.1–53.9) in the standard-care group, with 68.8 % of patients receiving surgery within 48 h of diagnosis. This median time was lower in the non-Spanish cohort (22.8 h, IQR 9.5–37.0), where 82.1 % of patients were operated within 48 h. ConclusionsIn the HIP ATTACK-1 trial, 1 in 8 patients died 90 days after a hip fracture in Spain. The most common complication after a hip fracture was myocardial injury, followed by infection and delirium. Spanish patients had worse outcomes than non-Spanish patients. Research needs to focus on new interventions such as accelerated surgery and perioperative troponin measurement with the appropriate investment of resources, to prevent and identify early these complications with a goal of improving mortality for this high-risk population. Level of evidenceII

Sarcopenia and self-reported markers of physical frailty in patients with osteoporosis

SummaryBone and muscle impairment, named osteoporosis and sarcopenia, may co-occur with age, and patients with both disorders might exhibit physical frailty. One-hundred sixty-three patients were included. 14.2% had both disorders and presented more frequent with previous fall, reduced daily activity level, walk/balance challenges, and need of walking aid, indicating overall frailty.PurposeIn older adults, sarcopenia (muscle impairment) and physical frailty may accompany osteoporosis (bone brittleness), yet osteoporosis is typically assessed without evaluating these conditions, even though coexistence may contribute to exacerbated negative health outcomes. We aimed at evaluating the prevalence of sarcopenia and impaired muscle domains in osteoporotic patients and explore the risk of osteosarcopenia from markers of physical frailty.MethodsIn Copenhagen, Denmark, osteoporotic patients aged 65 + were assessed cross-sectionally in 2018–2019. Evaluations included muscle mass, strength, and function; bone mineral density; and self-reported physical activity, fall, balance challenges, dizziness, and the need of walking aid. Low bone mass, low-energy fracture, or treatment with anti-osteoporotic medication defined patient with osteoporosis, and sarcopenia was defined by low muscle strength and mass. Osteosarcopenia was defined from the coexistence of both conditions.ResultsOne-hundred sixty-three patients with osteoporosis were included. Of those, 23 (14.2%) exhibited sarcopenia, hence osteosarcopenia. Hand-grip-strength, 30-s-chair-stand-test, relative-appendicular-lean-muscle-mass, and gait-speed were below cut-off levels in 21.0%, 30.9%, 28.8%, and 23.6% of the patients, respectively.Previous fall, activity level, walk and balance challenges, and need of walking aid were statistically (or borderline) significantly more often affected in the osteosarcopenic group compared with the solely osteoporotic. Logistic regression analysis, however, revealed that only the need for walking aid significantly increased the risk of an osteosarcopenia diagnosis (odds ratio 5.54, 95% CI (1.95–15.76), p < 0.01).ConclusionsSarcopenia and impaired muscle domains were frequent in osteoporotic patients, as were markers of physical frailty, indicating the need of thorough examination of osteoporotic patients.

Pelvic ring fracture in the older adults after minor pelvic trauma – is it an innocent injury?

ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of severe hemorrhage as a potentially life-threatening complication in elderly patients with isolated, low-energy pelvic ring fractures, which may be more common than previously described. Patients and methodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted at an academic level 1 trauma center, including 579 patients aged over 65 who suffered from isolated low-energy pelvic fractures between 2006 and 2020. Pelvic computer tomography (CT) scans, with or without contrast, were performed and reviewed for patients with suspected posterior ring injury or bleeding. Patients without CT scans were excluded from the study. ResultsAmong the 123 patients with isolated pubic rami fractures, 30 (24.4 %) had bleeding with a significant hemoglobin drop (>2 g%). 21(70 %) patients of these had posterior pelvic ring involvement as compared to 45 who did not bleed (51 %, p = 0.07). There was a significantly larger proportion of patient who received anticoagulant therapy (ACT) with posterior ring injury among the bleeding group (20 % vs 3.2 % p < 0.01). Treatment included blood transfusion (19/123, 15.5 %), and arterial angiographic embolization (5/123, 4 %). No complications related to angio-embolization were observed, and all patients survived the initial 90-day period. No other source of bleeding was identified in any of these patients. ConclusionSevere pelvic hemorrhage in the older adults due to a minor pelvic injury after a low-energy trauma is not an uncommon complication, especially with combination of ACT and posterior pelvic ring fracture. This indicates that these injuries more challenging than previously believed. Geriatric pelvic ring injuries should be monitored carefully with serial blood counts, and low threshold for imaging including contrast enhanced CT scans and angiography.

Short-term mobility in low-energy pelvic ring fractures after conservative treatment

BackgroundThe growing population of elderly people is leading to a rising number of pelvic ring fractures. These often involve combinations of pubic branch and sacrum fractures, as seen in lateral compression type 1 (LC1) and 2 (LC2) fractures or more precisely classified as fragility fractures of the pelvis (FFP). The combined impact on the anterior and posterior ring brings the risk of prolonged pain, resulting in decreased mobility and increased complications. Given the higher multimorbidity of this population, surgical treatment poses a greater risk of intra- and post-operative complications. Hence, the management and treatment of this particular type of fracture remain challenging. MethodsA retrospective data analysis of 41 patients (F/M; 27/14) treated conservatively for low-energy LC1 or LC2 fractures was performed between 2017 and 2020. The fractures were classified using Rommens’ FFP classification. The primary outcome was mobility at 2 and 6 weeks, assessed through chart analysis and phone interviews. To determine factors influencing patient outcomes fracture consolidation was assessed via X-ray analysis. As a secondary outcome logistic regression and decision tree analyzes were conducted. ResultsThe mean age at the time of fracture was 79.8 ± 12.5 (SD) years. Thirty-two patients regained mobility (F/M; 25/7) after 2 weeks. Another 7 patients were mobile after 6 weeks (F/M; 2/5). Two male patients did not regain mobility. Male sex emerged as the sole independent predictor of non-mobility at 2 weeks (p = 0.0037). Age, BMI, pubic branch fracture dislocation >5 mm, analgesic use of opiates, corticosteroid therapy, alcohol and smoking showed no association with mobility recovery. Fracture consolidation was observed in 73.2 % of patients (F/M; 21/9), while one female had no consolidation. Ten patients (F/M; 5/5) were lost to follow-up. ConclusionsOur study shows that LC1 (FFP IIb, IIc) and LC2 (FFP IIIc, IVb) fractures can be effectively treated conservatively, with successful remobilization within 6 weeks. The only independent negative predictor of early mobilization was male sex. Pubic branch displacement >5 mm did not affect the outcome. Therefore, conservative management proves to be a viable option for low-energy LC1 or LC2 fractures.Level of Evidence: IV (retrospective study).

Features of the formation of bone regenerate and metabolism of bone formation markers in a patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus and diabetic neuroosteoarthropathy (Charcot foot)

Background: Surgical treatment of diabetic neuroosteoarthropathy is a complex area in traumatology — orthopedics not only because of severe biomechanical disorders and gross deformations of the distal segment of the lower limb, but also because these phenomena are accompanied by many disorders of the somatic status. Of particular importance is a pronounced decrease in bone mineral density. This case is intended to illustrate the features of the treatment of this pathology. Clinical case description: A clinical case of treatment of a 34-year-old young female patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus, development of diabetic neuroosteoarthropathy (Charcot foot), and aseptic necrosis of the talus of the right foot is presented. From 2019–2020 conservative and surgical treatment was carried out aimed at stopping the active stage of Charcot foot, correcting deformity and stabilizing the distal segment of the limb (calcaneotibial arthrodesis). A satisfactory treatment result was achieved, complete activation 8 months after the operation. However, in 2021 The patient suffered a closed low-energy fracture of the distal metaphysis of the right tibia. Regarding this episode, the patient comes in at the stage of consolidation of a displaced fracture and complaints of recurrence of varus deformity, even greater shortening of the limb, and swelling of the ankle joint. The fact of injury is denied, which allows us to regard the existing fracture of the tibia as pathological. In this regard, an operation was performed: osteotomy of the fibula and tibia in the area of consolidation of the pathological fracture in order to correct the deformity and compensate for the existing shortening of the limb due to the formation of a distraction regenerate. During the treatment, malnutrition and delayed formation of bone regenerate were noted, which required prolonged use of an external fixation device and specific drug therapy aimed at stimulating osteogenesis and improving bone mineral density. At the end of the course, there was an increase in the mineral density of the tissue, the density of the regenerate radiologically and laboratory (control of bone formation markers) and a satisfactory functional result. CONCLUSION: A successful result in this clinical case was achieved by combining orthopedic surgical and conservative treatment with specific drug therapy in a comorbid patient with reduced bone mineral density and a high probability of complications in a multidisciplinary approach.

Serial Range of Motion and Grip Strength Measurements, Patient-Reported Outcomes, and Radiographic Thresholds Associated With Less Satisfactory Outcomes After Low-Energy Distal Radius Fracture in Women Aged 50 Years and Older

To document the change of clinical (wrist motion and grip strength) measurements and Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation (PRWE) scores at 9 weeks and 3, 6, and 12 months after distal radius fracture (DRF) in women 50 years and older with exclusively isolated, displaced, and low-energy DRFs treated by either closed and/or open reduction and to relate these outcomes to their radiographic results. In this retrospective single-institution cohort study, patients' post-DRF clinical measurements and PRWE scores were prospectively collected from December 2007 through September 2018 and stratified according to their final radiographic values of volar/dorsal tilt, ulnar variance, and radial inclination. Of the 1,319 women identified, 1,126 (85%) were treated nonsurgically, and 193 (15%) were treated operatively. At 12 months, patients averaged restoration (ratio of injured and uninjured sides' values) of 96% pronation, 95% extension, 91% supination, 81% flexion, and 80% (77% nondominant, 85% dominant) grip strength. The mean PRWE score was 39.5 at week 9 and 14.4 at 12 months with 54% of patients scoring <10 and 13% scoring zero. The mean volar/dorsal tilt, ulnar variance, and radial inclination values in those treated nonsurgically were 1.4° dorsal,+3.9 mm, and 18.0°, respectively. Analogous values in patients treated surgically were 6° volar,+2.6 mm, and 22°, respectively. Volar tilt ≥25°, dorsal tilt >10°, ulnar variance >+7.5 mm, and radial inclination ≤13° were thresholds beyond which motion and grip strength were reduced and/or PRWE scores increased. In general, older patients experienced more residual deformity and were less likely to have undergone surgery. Generally, outcomes were satisfactory for patients with radiographic results within identified thresholds for acceptable fracture reduction. Outcomes were significantly less favorable for patients with radiographic results beyond these thresholds; for these patients, early surgical intervention should be considered. Low-energy DRFs should prompt bone density investigation. Therapeutic 2b.

A New Postoperative Stability Score to Predict Loss of Reduction in Intertrochanteric Fractures in Elderly Patients.

The study aimed to validate a newly developed postoperative stability score for evaluating clinical follow-up in elderly patients with low-energy hip fractures. From 1 January 2020 to 31 December 2021, we enrolled patients aged over 65 who underwent cephalomedullary nail fixation using proximal femoral nail antirotation II (PFNAII) and had at least 6 months of follow-up; excluding multiple fractures, pathological fractures, and periprosthetic fractures. We collected general patient data. Parameters such as TAD, Parker's ratio (AP and lateral), and the new postoperative stability score were recorded. A loss of reduction was defined using the decline in the Chang reduction quality criteria (CRQC) score within one month. Among the 108 enrolled patients, 23 (21.3%) experienced a loss of reduction, with a mean age of 82.1 years and a mean follow-up time of 7.4 months. Univariate analysis showed no significant association between loss of reduction and general data. However, the new postoperative stability score correlated significantly with loss of reduction (mean scores: 6.68 vs. 4.83, p = 0.045). Multivariate analysis confirmed this association (odds ratio: 0.076, 95% confidence interval: 0.022-0.263, p < 0.05). The newly developed postoperative stability score, incorporating surgical technique assessment, improves prediction accuracy for loss of reduction in elderly intertrochanteric fracture (ITF) patients.

Diagnostic Value of Hounsfield Units for Osteoporotic Thoracolumbar Vertebral Non-Compression Fractures in Elderly Patients with Low-Energy Injuries.

Thoracolumbar vertebral fractures are common pathological fractures caused by osteoporosis in the elderly. These fractures are challenging to detect. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of Hounsfield units for osteoporotic thoracolumbar vertebral non-compression fractures in elderly patients with low-energy fractures. The retrospective case-control study included elderly patients diagnosed with osteoporotic thoracolumbar vertebral fractures and non-fractured patients who underwent computed tomography examinations for lumbar vertebra issues during July 2017 and June 2020. This study included 216 patients with fractures (38 males and 178 females; average age: 77.28±8.68 years) and 124 patients without fractures (21 males and 103 females; average age: 75.35±9.57 years). The difference in Hounsfield units of the target (intermediate) vertebral body significantly differed between the two groups (54.74 ± 21.84 vs 5.86 ± 5.14; p<0.001). The ratios of Hounsfield units were also significantly different between the two groups (1.38 ± 1.60 vs 0.13 ± 0.23; p<0.001). The cut-off value for the difference in Hounsfield units to detect osteoporotic spine fractures was 25.35, with high sensitivity (98.5%), specificity (99.9%), and the area under the curve (AUC) (0.999, 95% CI: 0.999-1). The cut-off value for the odds ratio of Hounsfield units was 0.260, with high sensitivity (99.1%), specificity (92.7%), and AUC (0.970, 95% CI: 0.949-0.992). The difference between Hounsfield units and the odds ratio of Hounsfield units might help diagnose osteoporotic thoracolumbar vertebral non-compression fractures in elderly patients with low-energy fractures.

Wellness and its correlation with vitamin D

Abstract Background: Wellness encompasses various interconnected physical, mental, and social dimensions beyond the traditional definition of health. Vitamin D deficiency is a widespread nutritional deficiency, with a prevalence of 80%–90% in India, and is often under-diagnosed and under-treated worldwide. While vitamin D is classically known for its role in bone health, it also has significant extra-skeletal effects, including maintaining muscle function, immunity, anti-inflammatory activity, and cell proliferation and differentiation. Recent studies have linked vitamin D deficiency to fatigue, myalgia, low-energy fractures, muscle weakness, anxiety, and depression. Furthermore, it is implicated in the development of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension. Vitamin D deficiency is also associated with recurrent exacerbations of bronchial asthma, autoimmune diseases, and malignancies. Addressing this deficiency can substantially enhance patient well-being, prevent serious health outcomes, and improve overall wellness. Aim: This study aims to investigate the relationship between wellness and vitamin D levels. Materials and Methods: This prospective nonrandomized therapeutic study was conducted at MGM Medical College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India, and included 246 participants from July 2021 to December 2022. The study included patients reporting generalized weakness, fatigue, myalgia, low mood, lack of motivation, and decreased interest in life by the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Their serum vitamin D levels were tested. Participants with vitamin D deficiency (&lt;30 ng/mL) completed a pre-structured well-being questionnaire and received vitamin D supplementation for 10 weeks. Wellness in these patients was evaluated using a pre-structured post-supplementation well-being questionnaire. Results: The results revealed that out of 324 patients included in the study, 253 (78.1%) were deficient in vitamin D. The highest deficiency rate was among those aged 18–35 years (85.5%). Vitamin D deficiency was more prevalent in females (79.5%, 167 out of 210 females) compared with males (75.4%, 86 out of 114 males). The paired t test results showed a significant increase in post-test vitamin D levels (t = -219.922, P &lt; 0.001) and a significant decrease in post-test Fatigue Assessment Scores (t = 31.328, P &lt; 0.001) and Fatigue Severity Scores (t = 33.066, P &lt; 0.001). Additionally, there was a significant improvement in post-test World Health Organization-Five Well-Being Index (WHO-5) scores (t = -28.495, P &lt; 0.001) and Warwick–Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scores (WEMWBS; t = -28.996, P &lt; 0.001). Karl Pearson’s correlation coefficient indicated that post-supplementation vitamin D levels were positively correlated with post-supplementation Fatigue Assessment Scores (r = 0.315) and Fatigue Severity Scores (r = 0.334). Conversely, they negatively correlated with the WHO-5 Well-being Index (r = -0.322) and the WEMWBS (r = -0.294). Conclusion: This study concludes that wellness is directly correlated with vitamin D levels. There is a significant improvement in the Fatigue Assessment Scale, Fatigue Severity Scale, WHO-5 Well-being Index, WEMWBS, and overall physical, mental, and social wellness following vitamin D supplementation in patients, both with and without comorbidities (hypertension and DM).

Features of Bone Mineral Density, Calcium-Phosphorus Metabolism and Bone Remodeling in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Introduction. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disease with variable clinical manifestations associated with multiple autoantibodies formation and deposition of immune complexes, and other immune processes. Despite significant advances in treatment, the disease remains disabling, in particular, due to increased bone fragility and low-energy fractures. The study of bone remodeling in patients with SLE should help to improve the therapy and quality of their treatment. The aim of the study. To investigate the features of bone mineral density, calcium-phosphorus metabolism and bone remodeling in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Materials and methods. The study involved 123 women with SLE aged 21-51 years. The comparison group (CG) consisted of 25 women without SLE in premenopausal status of the appropriate age. The control group included 25 practically healthy women. In order to study bone mineral density (BMD), dual-energy X-ray densitometry (DXA) of the lumbar spine was performed using a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometer. For the study of calcium-phosphorus metabolism (CPM), total calcium (Ca), ionized Ca, phosphorus (P) in blood and Ca, P, creatinine in daily urine, as well as parathyroid hormone (PTH) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D in serum were determined. Markers of bone remodeling (osteocalcin, procollagen type 1 amino-terminal propeptide (P1NP) and isomerized C-terminal telopeptide (β-crosslaps) in serum were measured. To achieve the stated goal, the first step included the determination of bone damage prevalence in patients with the diagnosed SLE; the second step was directed towards the characterization the particular bone condition in patients with SLE based on the results of BMD, CPM indices and markers of bone remodeling assessment. Results and discussion. According to the results of DXA of the lumbar spine, 88 (71.54 %) women of the SG and only 8 (32.00 %) women of the CG had a decrease in BMD (p &lt; 0.001). According to the mean values, the studied CPM indices of the SG patients, CG and control group wemen exposed no significant differences. Similarly, no significant differences were detected in the mean values of urinary phosphorus and in between blood PTH values in SG, CG, and control. The level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D was significantly lower in SG (15.14 ± 0.80 ng/ml) than in CG (19.62 ± 0.46 ng/ml) and control (22.38 ± 1.34 ng/ml) p &lt; 0.05. The mean value of osteocalcin in woman with SLE was significantly lower than in CG and control (11.81 ± 0.49 ng/ml versus 18.61 ± 0.75 ng/ml and 19.28 ± 1.88, p &lt; 0.001). No significant difference were detected in between the mean values of P1NP in SG, CG and control. The mean values of β-cross laps were significantly higher in patients with SLE (0.51 ± 0.02 ng/ml) compared to GC (0.26 ± 0.02 ng/ml) and control (0.28 ± 0.02 ng/ml), p &lt; 0.001. Conclusions. Bone mineral density, calcium-phosphorus metabolism and bone remodeling in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus have peculiarities as follows: a significant decrease in bone mass in 71.54 % of patients, namely 18, 70 % - grade I osteopenia, 21.14 % - grade II osteopenia, 14.63 % - grade III osteopenia; 17.07 % - osteoporosis, increased calcium excretion, vitamin D deficiency, decreased osteoblastic and enhansed osteoclastic functions.

Osteoporotic bone fracture risk assessment in Latvian patients with newly diagnosed sarcoidosis.

Increased calcitriol synthesis in sarcoid granulomas with subsequent hypercalcaemia and hypercalciuria can affect bone metabolism in patients with sarcoidosis. Multiple factors can increase the fracture risk in patients with sarcoidosis. This study aimed to evaluate a 10-year osteoporotic and a 10-year hip fracture risk and to analyse factors affecting fracture risk for patients with newly diagnosed sarcoidosis compared to an age- and gender-matched control group from a real-world setting. The cross-sectional study included 171 patients with a histologically verified diagnosis of sarcoidosis who were hospitalised due to suspected sarcoidosis within two years and an age- and gender-matched control group of 178 hospitalised individuals. QFracture algorithm questions were asked during interviews. A cohort of 349 subjects was analysed. The median age in the patient group was 40 years (IQR:20), and 60.2% were female. 21.6% of patients with sarcoidosis had at least one comorbidity that could potentially influence the osteoporotic fracture risk. Both the median 10-year osteoporotic fracture risk (0.9% (IQR:2) vs 1.3% (IQR:2.3), p=0.005; U=12394) and a 10-year hip fracture risk (0.1% (IQR:0.3) vs 0.2% (IQR:0.5), p=0.003; U=12368.5) was lower in patients with sarcoidosis compared to control group subjects. As compared to the control group, individuals with sarcoidosis exhibited a lower frequency of both osteoporotic (2.4% vs 11.2%, OR=0.189 (95% CI:0.063-0.566), p=0.003) and low-energy trauma fractures (2.9% vs 11.8%, OR=0.225 (95% CI:0.083-0.612), p=0.003) in personal medical history. This was the first study to investigate osteoporotic fracture risk and related factors in Latvian patients with newly diagnosed sarcoidosis. Our data show a lower risk of a 10-year osteoporotic and a 10-year hip fracture risk in patients with sarcoidosis compared to age- and gender-matched control group subjects from a real-world setting.

Undiagnosed vertebral fragility fractures in patients with distal radius fragility fractures: an opportunity for prevention of morbimortality in osteoporotic patients in developing countries.

This study's main goal was to look into the frequency, location, kind, and severity of asymptomatic vertebral fragility fractures (VFF) in people who had fractures of the fragility of the distal radius. Although VFF is frequently misdiagnosed, it is linked to higher mortality, morbidity, and hip fracture risk. The study also attempted to investigate the relationship between VFF and certain demographic and lifestyle factors, as well as FRAX data, in this patient population. Between January, 2021, and January, 2022, individuals with low-energy distal radial fractures who presented to the emergency room of tertiary care hospital of Karachi, Pakistan, were the subject of a cross-sectional study and were 45years of age or older except those who fitted the exclusion criteria (n = 208). The thoracic and/or lumbar spine was imaged using radiology, and information on demographics, way of life, and FRAX (Fracture Risk Assessment Tool) was gathered. Using the Genant semiquantitative approach, an impartial and blinded orthopaedist identified VF in the images and determined their severity. SPSS version 20 was used to analyse the data. Two hundred eleven (41.21%) of them were found to have radiographic VFF and only 12 (2.34%) of the 512 patients who were tested were getting osteoporotic therapy. The thoracic spine (32.7%), followed by the lumbar spine (43.12%), was the area most frequently afflicted. In 24.17% of the patients, multiple fractures of the thoracolumbar spine were found. The wedge form (54.5%), followed by biconcave (30.81%) and crush (14.7%), was the most prevalent VFF type. The majority of detected VFF were rated as having a 25-40% height loss (64.9%) then severe (> 40%) fractures (35.1%), according to the Genant grading method. Notably, there were no variations in smoking, drinking, BMI, or FRAX score between patients with and without VFF that were statistically significant. Based on our study's findings, it is clear that osteoporotic vertebral fragility fractures occur in almost half of individuals with distal radius fractures. The lumbar spine is notably the most affected region, predominantly with wedge fractures. Given the high prevalence of asymptomatic vertebral fragility fractures (VFF), proactive measures are necessary to mitigate associated risks. Prioritising comprehensive fall risk assessments for these patients and interventions to enhance bone mineral density and strength are crucial. Early identification of asymptomatic VFF enables timely intervention, optimising patient care and minimising the risk of complications in this vulnerable population.

Increased Early Postoperative Complication Rate after Osteoporotic Hip Fracture in Patients with Low 25 (OH) Vitamin D Levels.

This study investigated the association of preoperative 25-hydroxy (25 (OH)) vitamin D levels with postoperative complications in osteoporotic hip fracture patients following surgery. We hypothesized that patients with low concentrations of 25 (OH) vitamin D might have an increased risk of developing adverse outcomes. Between January 2019 and December 2020, a retrospective observational study was conducted, including low-energy fragility fractures at the proximal femur. Regarding preoperative 25 (OH) vitamin D levels, patients were divided into two groups (<30 ng/mL and ≥30 ng/mL). Early and late postoperative complications were assessed and graded according to the Clavien-Dindo classification system. Logistic regression analysis was performed to demonstrate the association between preoperative 25 (OH) vitamin D levels (<30 ng/mL, ≥30 ng/mL) and postoperative complications after adjusting for age and sex. Of 314 patients, 222 patients (70.7%) had a 25 (OH) vitamin D level of <30 ng/mL. The mean serum 25 (OH) vitamin D level was 22.6 ng/mL (SD 13.2). In 116 patients (36.9%), postoperative complications were observed, with the most occurring in the short term (95 patients, 30.2%). Late postoperative complications were present in 21 patients (6.7%), most graded as Clavien I (57.1%). Logistic regression analysis identified a low vitamin D level (<30 ng/mL) as an independent risk factor for early postoperative complications (OR 2.06, 95% CI 1.14-3.73, p = 0.016), while no significant correlation was found in late complications (OR 1.08, 95% CI 0.40-2.95, p = 0.879). In conclusion, preoperative 25 (OH) vitamin D serum level might be an independent predictor for early postoperative complications. However, future studies are warranted to determine risk factors for long-term complications and establish appropriate intervention strategies.

Introduction of an order set after hip fracture improves osteoporosis medication initiation and persistence: a population-based before-after analysis.

A treatment gap exists after osteoporosis-related fractures. Introducing standardized care can improve treatment. We evaluated the impact of a hip fracture order set (OS) on anti-osteoporosis medication (AOM) initiation, persistence, and secondary fracture prevention. In 2015, one hospital in Manitoba, Canada, introduced a hip fracture OS including recommendations for the initiation of AOM (OS group). A control group was identified from the other hospitals in the same region. A retrospective cohort study was conducted using linked administrative health data. All individuals 50 + years with surgical treatment for low-energy hip fracture between 2010 and 2019 were included and followed for AOM initiation, medication persistence at 1year, and secondary fractures. Between-group differences for each year were assessed using chi-square tests. Logistic regression models tested the impact of socio-demographic and clinical factors on initiation, persistence of AOM. Cox regression tested the risk of secondary fracture. No baseline differences between OS group (813 patients) and control group (2150 patients) were observed in demographics, socioeconomic factors, or comorbidities. An increase in post-fracture AOM initiation was seen with OS introduction (OS group year before 16.7% versus year after 48.6%, p < 0.001). No change was seen in the control group. Persistence on AOM also increased (OS group year before 17.7% versus year after 28.4%, p < 0.001). No difference in secondary fractures was observed (OS group 19.8% versus control group 18.8%, p = 0.38). Introduction of a hip fracture OS significantly increased AOM initiation and persistence at 1-year post-fracture. There was no significant difference in secondary fractures.

Incidence and predictors of dorsal comminution in older adults with low-energy distal radius fracture.

To identify the incidence of dorsal comminution using computed tomography (CT) images and identify predictors of this phenomenon in older adults with low-energy distal radius fractures (DRFs). A total of 150 patients aged > 50 years with fall-induced dorsally angulated DRFs were enrolled in this study. Patients were divided into two groups based on the presence of dorsal comminution, defined as a metaphyseal void of greater than one-third of the maximum posterior to anterior depth of the bone on at least three cuts in the sagittal plane on post-reduction CT images. Data on participants' basic demographics, including age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and AO classification of DRFs, were collected. Bone mineral density (BMD) was assessed using T-scores of the femoral neck, and cortical thickness of the distal radius was determined from plain post-reduction radiographs. Radiological parameters and combined ulnar fractures were measured on plain pre-reduction radiographs. Among study participants, 91 (61%) had dorsal comminution, whereas 59 (39%) had no dorsal comminution on CT images. Both patient groups were compared based on presence of dorsal comminution, and showed no significant differences in age, sex, BMI, BMD, or cortical thickness on radiographs. However, all radiological parameters were better in the no dorsal comminution group than in the dorsal comminution group, and the proportion of patients with combined ulnar fractures was higher in the dorsal comminution group. In the multivariate analysis, the presence of combined ulnar fractures was the only significant predictor of dorsal comminution (p = 0.029, odds ratio = 2.267, 95% confidence interval: 1.085-4.736). The incidence of dorsal comminution is relatively high in patients with low-energy DRFs aged > 50 years. In particular, the presence of combined ulnar fractures is closely associated with dorsal comminution of DRFs. Thus, surgeons should exercise caution when evaluating this phenomenon.