Low Density Polyethylene Nanocomposites Research Articles

Dynamic Mechanical Analysis of Graphene Oxide/ Low Density Polyethylene Nanocomposite

Dynamic Mechanical Analysis of Graphene Oxide/ Low Density Polyethylene Nanocomposite

Fabrication and Behavior Study of Natural Fiber Utilized Low-Density Polyethylene Nanocomposite via Injection Mold

Fabrication and Behavior Study of Natural Fiber Utilized Low-Density Polyethylene Nanocomposite via Injection Mold

Development of Low-Density Polyethylene Nanocomposite with CNT Fibre Via Injection Moulding: Performance Study

Development of Low-Density Polyethylene Nanocomposite with CNT Fibre Via Injection Moulding: Performance Study

Dielectric studies of silica-doped barium titanate and linear low-density polyethylene nano-composite as a substrate for flexible microstrip patch antenna

Dielectric studies of silica-doped barium titanate and linear low-density polyethylene nano-composite as a substrate for flexible microstrip patch antenna

Solid-Phase Production of Low-Density Polyethylene Compositions with Reduced Graphene Oxide under Shear Deformations

Nanocomposites of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) with a nanocarbon nanofiller, reduced graphene oxide (RGO) of different composition, have been obtained under conditions of high-temperature shear deformations in a rotary disperser. Structure and properties of the obtained nanocomposites have been studied using a wide range of physico-chemical methods of analysis, including laser diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and measurement of mechanical and electrical parameters. The influence of the components ratio in the compositions on the characteristics of the resulting materials has been demonstrated.

Improved rheological, barrier, antibacterial, and electromagnetic interference shielding properties of graphene and graphene derivatives based linear low density polyethylene nanocomposites

AbstractMultifunctional polymer/graphene based lightweight and flexible nanocomposite films are increasingly being utilized in the packaging, electronics, and pharmaceutical industries together. Herein, two graphene derivatives: silver nanoparticle decorated reduced graphene oxide (G‐Ag) and chemically reduced graphene oxide (rGO) prepared by wet chemical method and graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) have been incorporated into linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) thermoplastic matrix via melt compounding method. The incorporation of graphene derivatives affected the physico‐mechanical, electrical and thermal conductivity, and barrier properties (both oxygen and water vapor permeability) of the nanocomposite films. With 5 wt% of G‐Ag, rGO, and GNP loading, the thermal conductivity of these three nanocomposite films was enhanced by an average of 136.7%, 123%, and 143.3%, respectively. Graphene having high specific surface area and aspect ratio allow for a tortuous passage of oxygen and water molecules through the nanocomposite film, ultimately improving both oxygen and water vapor impermeability qualities for all LG‐Ag, LrGO, and LGNP nanocomposites. Moreover, the films have been tested against both gram‐positive and gram‐negative bacteria to ensure their bactericidal activity. The prepared composite films also showed Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) shielding effectiveness (−21, −17, and −19 dB) higher than the commercial cut‐offs. The thermoplastic nanocomposite films with promising thermal conductivity might be an excellent choice for bacteria‐resistant and barrier‐capable packaging and efficient thermal management EMI shields in electronics.

Mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties of low-density polyethylene nanocomposites reinforced with montmorillonite: Fabrication and characterizations

Nanoparticle incorporation in polymeric matrices to generate polymer nanocomposite with the intention of maximizing the “nano-effect” derived from the nanoparticles and minimizing the drawbacks of the polymer is an emerging field of research. In this study, low-density polyethylene (LDPE) was mixed with varying concentrations of montmorillonite (MMT) nanoclays to create a polymer nanocomposite with desirable characteristics. Composite sheets with nanoclays contents of (0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 wt%) were prepared for hardness, tensile-fractography, thermal conductivity, and tensile testing (elongation and stress-at-break). The results showed that, according to scanning electron microscope (SEM) study, LDPE has a low flexibility temperature and is prone to corrosion. For larger MMT filler loadings (>3% wt), tensile-fractography showed nanoclays particle micro-aggregation. The pure LDPE sample fracture’s tensile-fractography showed plastic deformation. MMT/LDPE samples with 3% wt hard MMT filler have brittle fractures without appreciable plastic deformation. Thermal conductivity test results show that LDPE/MMT composite thermal conductivity decreased with increasing clay concentration. The thermal conductivity values were reduced from a value of 0.13 W/m.K to a value of 0.039 W/m.K when reinforced with 0% wt to 3% wt filler loading, respectively. With 4% wt filler loading, LDPE/MMT composites had the highest shore hardness at 47.4. Yet, tensile tests indicated that increasing clay content improved the composite’s characteristics. At modest loading percentages (1–2 wt%), tensile results were excellent. Furthermore, the elongation at break of the unadulterated LDPE was reduced by 20% and 30% after introducing 1% wt and 2% wt of MMT as reinforcement additives, respectively. Hence, MMT clay can improve the mechanical properties and thermal insulation of LDPE polymer matrix.

LDPE-Nanoclay films for food packaging with improved barrier properties

This study focuses on the development of low-density polyethylene matrix nanocomposite films for food packaging industry and aims at improving low-density polyethylene oxygen barrier properties while maintaining other relevant characteristics, such as processability, easy post-processing, optical and mechanical properties. low-density polyethylene nanocomposites, with 1 and 2.5 wt.% nanoclay (NC) and also compatibilized with 5 wt.% polyethylene grafted with maleic anhydride (PE-g-MA), were prepared and used to produce blown films. The nanocomposites were characterized in terms of their morphology, thermal, rheological, mechanical, barrier and optical properties, through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), rheological measurements, tensile tests, water vapor transmission, oxygen permeability tests and spectrophotometry. The results demonstrated good NC dispersion in the polymer matrix and decreased oxygen permeability in the compatibilized nanocomposite films. All the other properties did not significantly change when compared to neat low-density polyethylene. Overall, the film properties were improved with the added nanoclay and PE-g-MA and, have potential for food packaging.

Effect of size-graded and polydopamine-coated halloysite nanotubes on fundamental properties of low-density polyethylene nanocomposite film.

In this study, some of the critical fundamental properties, which are holding importance in usage areas, of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) film were studied by embedding size-graded and polydopamine-coated halloysite nanotubes into the polymer matrix. This concept evaluated the importance of the well-dispersion of nanoparticles in the composite system and interfacial adhesion between nanofiller and polymer matrix on the degree of crystallinity and mechanical properties. For this purpose, halloysite nanotubes, coated with polydopamine and size graded afterward, were integrated into the LDPE matrix by the twin-screw extrusion process, following which, nanocomposite films were prepared by film-blown technique. Both effects of halloysite nanoparticles, having the polydopamine layer on their surface and size-graded, on properties such as mechanical strength, thermal feature, and degree of crystallinity, of those directly acting on the usage goals of LDPE-based films, were tested.

Lithium Orthosilicate-Linear Low-Density Polyethylene Nano-Composite as Substrate for High Frequency Devices: Dielectric Characterization

Dielectric properties of nanosized Lithium Orthosilicate (Li 4 SiO 4 ) and linear low-density polyethylene composite at X-Band frequencies are investigated, to realize its utility as a substrate for microwave devices. Solid state technique is used to synthesize nano Li 4 SiO 4 . To confirm the structural and morphological properties of the synthesized nano Li 4 SiO 4 , X-ray diffraction, Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy are used. Composites of nano Li 4 SiO 4 and linear low-density polyethylene matrix are synthesized with varying weight fraction of nano Li 4 SiO 4 viz. 2%, 4% and 6%. The lateral portion of a fractured sample (composite) is examined using scanning electron microscope to confirm homogeneous dispersion of nano Li 4 SiO 4 in linear low-density polyethylene matrix. Water absorption measurement of all the composites are carried out based on ASTM D570-98 . Densities of the composites are measured via hydrostatic weighing by using Archimedes principle. Complex permittivity and permeability measurement of the composites are recorded by utilizing Nicholson-Ross approach. For all weight fraction of the nano inclusions, the real component of permittivity and dielectric loss tangent of the composites in the X-band are found to be in the range of 2.2 – 2.6 and 10 -2 –10 -4 , respectively. Return losses for the composites are calculated from complex permittivity and permeability values to validate its applicability as substrate for various high frequency applications.

Polyethylene grafted silica nanoparticles via surface-initiated polyhomologation: A novel filler for polyolefin nanocomposite

Silica nanoparticles (SiO 2 NPs) were prepared and functionalized with polyethylene (PE@SiO 2 NPs) using the surface-initiated polyhomologation (SI-polyhomologation) technique. Polyolefin nanocomposites were fabricated later by melt mixing of different ratios of the as-prepared SiO 2 NPs and PE@SiO 2 NPs with linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) and low-density polyethylene (LDPE) matrices. Firstly, SiO 2 NPs were modified with different alkoxysilane ligands, dichloro(divinyl)silane (DCDVS), allyl trimethoxysilane (ATMS), and vinyl triethoxylsilane (VTES). Subsequently, thexylborane, an initiator for SI-polyhomologation, was immobilized to the modified surface of SiO 2 NPs through hydroboration reactions. Polyhomologation was then allowed to proceed by adding monomer solution to form polyethylene brushes covalently bonded to the surface of the NPs. Physiochemical characterizations had confirmed the morphology, chemical structure, and thermal stability for each step of modification reactions. LLDPE and LDPE nanocomposites were prepared by extrusion with SiO 2 NPs and PE@SiO 2 NPs as nanofillers. Finally, tensile tests and morphological SEM-based analyses are presented to discuss the influence of the grafted PE on both the dispersion of the fillers and the mechanical properties of the filler/matrix interphase. • Polyethylene grafted nanosilica. • SI-Polyhomologation. • Polyolefin/silica nanocomposites.

Oil-Based Mud Waste as a Filler Material in LDPE Composites: Evaluation of Mechanical Properties.

Traditionally, the drilling waste generated in oil and gas exploration operations, including spent drilling fluid, is disposed of or treated by several methods, including burial pits, landfill sites and various thermal treatments. This study investigates drilling waste valorisation and its use as filler in polymer composites. The effect of the poor particle/polymer interfacial adhesion bonding of the suspended clay in oil-based mud (OBM) slurry and the LDPE matrix is believed to be the main reason behind the poor thermo-mechanical and mechanical properties of low-density polyethylene (LDPE)/OBM slurry nanocomposites. The thermo-mechanical and mechanical performances of LDPE)/OBM slurry nanocomposites without the clay surface treatment and without using compatibilizer are evaluated and discussed. In our previous studies, it has been observed that adding thermally treated reclaimed clay from OBM waste in powder form improves both the thermal and mechanical properties of LDPE nanocomposites. However, incorporating OBM clay in slurry form in the LDPE matrix can decrease the thermal stability remarkably, which was reported recently, and thereby has increased the interest to identify the mechanical response of the composite material after adding this filler. The results show the severe deterioration of the tensile and flexural properties of the LDPE/OBM slurry composites compared to those properties of the LDPE/MMT nanocomposites in this study. It is hypothesised, based on the observation of the different test results in this study, that this deterioration in the mechanical properties of the materials was associated with the poor Van der Waals force between the polymer molecules/clay platelets and the applied force. The decohesion between the matrix and OBM slurry nanoparticles under stress conditions generated stress concentration through the void area between the matrix and nanoparticles, resulting in sample failure. Interfacial adhesion bonding appears to be a key factor influencing the mechanical properties of the manufactured nanocomposite materials.

Thermal and dielectric behavior of Ti3C2Tx (MXene) incorporated ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer/linear low-density polyethylene nanocomposites

Thermal and dielectric behavior of Ti3C2Tx (MXene) incorporated ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer/linear low-density polyethylene nanocomposites

Induced orientation of magnetic bentonite nanoparticles to produce low-density polyethylene nanocomposites

Clay-polymer nanocomposites have considerable importance in various areas of engineering; however, the addition of hydrophilic clays into hydrophobic polymer matrices is a challenge due to the low affinity between them, causing performance problems. Thus, the aim of this work was developing a method to improve dispersion and generate a high aligned morphology in clay-polymer nanocomposites. For this, clay nanoparticles with magnetic properties were produced and incorporated (3 wt% and 5 wt%) in low-density polyethylene matrices. The effect of the alignment on the thermal and thermo-mechanical properties of polymer was evaluated. The use of an external magnetic field during the molding process led to an efficient alignment of the nanoparticles, where the magnetic clay nanoparticles lined up along the magnetic field lines. The presence of nanoparticles had a crucial impact on the thermal properties of the nanocomposites with increments up to 40 °C in the initial degradation temperature of the polymeric matrix by forming physical barriers distributed across the samples. The alignment of nanoparticles also resulted in increments of up to 43% in the storage modulus of the polymer as a result of improved adsorption of mechanical energy. The results indicated a very promising methodology with potential application in the production of new polymeric materials with high barrier properties to liquids and gases and thin films with magnetic shielding properties.

Plasma Treated Low-Density Polyethylene Nanocomposites: Investigation of Partial Discharge and Breakdown Strength

Polymeric insulating materials have been widely used in high voltage equipment, particularly in power cables, as insulating material, due to their excellent performances. This study investigates the significance of atmospheric pressure plasma (APP) treatment on silicon dioxide (SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> ) nanoparticles in enhancing the partial discharge (PD) resistance and breakdown strength of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) nanocomposites. The duration of plasma treatment was manipulated for 15 and 30 minutes to identify the effects of treatment duration on their dielectric properties. The loading of fillers was varied into 1, 3, and 5 wt% to identify the promising formulations. The results exhibited that the dielectric properties of LDPE nanocomposites have improved as the SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> nanoparticles were treated, anticipated due to the surface activation via functionalizing hydroxyl group on the fillers as ultimate oxidation agent, resulting in reduced size of agglomerated clusters. The PD resistance and breakdown strength have increased up to 47% and 70% of the unfilled samples, respectively, as the SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> nanoparticles were treated using plasma. Plasma treatment was found to be an alternative technique for improving the filler-polymer surface interaction, at once promising the better dielectric properties of LDPE nanocomposites, potentially prolonging the lifetime of the insulating materials.

PHYSICAL-MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF COMPOSITES BASEDON LOW DENSITY POLYETHYLENE AND THERMALASH OF HOUSEHOLD WASTE

The article presents the results of a study of the influence of the concentration and disper-sion of household waste thermal ash on the physical-mechanical properties of composites based on low-density polyethylene. Thermal ash was obtained in a thermal furnace at the Balakhani enter-prise in Baku city at a temperature of 1200°C. We studied such properties of composites as tensile yield strength, ultimate tensile stress, elongation at break, and flexural strength. To study the effect of thermal ash dispersity on the properties, three grindings with a particle size were obtained: 80-110nm, 300-500nm and 1200-2000nm. It was found that low-density polyethylene nanocompo-sites with a particle size of 80–110 nm have relatively high strength properties (ultimate tensile stress, tensile yield strength, flexural modulus). It has been shown that, regardless of the dispersion of the particles, the maximum value of the tensile yield strength and ultimate tensile stress is achieved for samples containing 10 wt % of thermal ash. The maximum value of the flexural strength was established for samples with 20 wt % thermal ash content. In order to improve the compatibility of the components in the polymer-filler mixture, a compatibilizer of the Exxelor PO1040 brand was used, which is a graft copolymer of polyethylene with maleic anhydride (content of maleic anhydride 5.6 wt %). According to the data obtained, loading of the compatibilizer con-tributed to a significant improvement in the compatibility of the filler with the polymer, which was expressed in an increase in the strength properties of the composites. A theoretical substantiation is given for the regularities found in the change in the physical-mechanical properties of compo-sites depending on the dispersion and concentration of thermal ash. IR spectral analysis of the composites showed characteristic absorption bands of thermal ash alone and as part of low density polyethylene. The shift of absorption bands in the composition of the polymer matrix made it pos-sible to assert the probability of physical interaction of macrochains with the surface of thermal ash particles. The results of the study of the melt flow index of composites are presented. It has been established that loading of thermal ash in some cases leads to an increase in the fluidity of the melt of polymer composites.

Effect of Polyethylene Structure on the Properties of Carbon Nanotube/Polyethylene Composites

The influence of polyethylene (PE) molecular structure on multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT)/PE composites processing behavior and their thermal, rheological and electrical properties were investigated. Two different types of PE of almost the same viscosity were investigated; namely, high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and low-density polyethylene (LDPE). Nanocomposites filled with up to 10 wt.% MWCNT were prepared by the conventional melt-mixing method. The MWCNT exhibited better dispersion in HDPE than in LDPE. The crystallinity of the HDPE marginally increased with the addition of the MWCNT, while no significant influence of the MWCNT on the LDPE crystallinity was observed. The AC electrical conductivity of both the HDPE and LDPE nanocomposites were almost the same. Thus, we concluded that there is no significant effect of the PE structure on the formation of the MWCNT networks.

ANN approaches to determine the dielectric strength improvement of MgO based low density polyethylene nanocomposite

This paper presents the modification occurred to the dielectric strength feature of low density polyethylene compounded with nano magnesia (LDPE/MgO). MgO nanoparticles were prepared using sol–gel technique, MgO filler surface was functionalized to improve the interfacial bonding. Specimen’s groups of composites with different filler concentrations were fabricated by mix blend method. Samples exposed to various salinity media by immersion, dielectric strength test was applied on each set according to relevant ASTM standard with identical testing technique. The results were statistically processed then compared to the pristine material. Tests results utilized to learn Artificial Neural Network in order to acquire the value of dielectric strength of compounds having similar composition but containing different doping amounts or influenced with various salinity level media. The dielectric strength is enhanced by the addition of MgO nanofiller. From the investigation of the obtained results, it is concluded that additives of 1.4% filler concentration by weight is the optimum MgO content for LDPE/MgO nanofiller material. We think that this paper may promote a good researching methodology that gather both empirical work and numerical tools in this field.

Migration of nano-clay and nano-silica from low-density polyethylene nanocomposites into different food simulants

Migration of nano-clay and nano-silica from low-density polyethylene nanocomposites into different food simulants

Enhanced mechanical and thermal properties of nanodiamond reinforced low density polyethylene nanocomposites

AbstractIn this study, the reinforcement effects of low‐content hydrophilic nanodiamond (ND) on linear low‐density polyethylene (PE) nanocomposites were investigated. ND was incorporated in PE via simple solution blending. The obtained PE/ND nanocomposites were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, ultraviolet–visible spectra, X‐ray diffraction, tensile test, thermogravimetry, and differential scanning calorimetry. Generally, PE/ND nanocomposites with poor interfacial interaction cause large agglomerates, resulting in brittle and poor mechanical properties. Owing to the different natures of non‐polar PE and polar ND, the higher the ND content, the larger the agglomerates formed in the nanocomposites. However, PE/ND nanocomposites show unique mechanical properties, that is, the Young's modulus, tensile strength, elongation at break, and toughness increased upon the incorporation of ND. The Young's modulus of the PE/ND nanocomposites exceeded the theoretical value calculated using the Halpin–Tsai model. In addition, the toughness increased by 18% at only 0.5 wt% ND loading. Furthermore, there was an increase in the thermal degradation temperature, melting temperature, and crystallization temperature.