Low Degree Of Acceptance Research Articles

Research on the Cultural Communication of Traditional Chinese Medicine Based on International Chinese Teaching

As a part of China's excellent traditional culture, the concepts of "unity of heaven and man", "benevolence" and "harmony" contained in the culture of Chinese medicine fully demonstrate the profound philosophical thinking of the Chinese nation, which is inherited from the Chinese traditional culture. The concepts contained in Chinese medicine, such as "the unity of heaven and man", "benevolence and benevolence" and "the harmony of the middle", fully demonstrate the profound philosophical thinking of the Chinese nation, and are inherited from the excellent traditional Chinese culture. In addition, Chinese medicine culture also occupies an important position in the cultural teaching of international Chinese language teaching together with other traditional cultures, such as tea culture, Peking Opera culture, festival culture, etc. However, due to the fact that the dissemination of Chinese medicine culture focuses on acupuncture and moxibustion, health care therapies, narrow dissemination area, and low degree of acceptance, etc., the cultural values promoted by Chinese medicine culture are only on the surface and have not been effectively disseminated. Therefore, it is necessary to analyses the problems that hinder the dissemination of Chinese medicine culture and put forward corresponding solution strategies for the development of Chinese medicine culture dissemination in international Chinese language teaching.

CRYPTOCURRENCY – DEFİNİTİON, FUNCTİONS, ADVANTAGES AND RİSKS

The emergence of “virtual currencies” is extremely recent, with a history of only 13 years. Being an ultra-new economic tool, it arouses interest and effervescent reactions, especially in terms of definition, but also about the cumulative effects it has begun to produce in the economic world. The subject also becomes controversial due to the fact that, being an economic instrument of absolute novelty, it is reflected in the legislation of very few countries in the world. One of the definitions determines as virtual currency – the digital representation of the value that is not issued or guaranteed by a central bank or a public authority, which is not necessarily linked to a legal currency and which does not have the legal status of the currency, but which can be accepted by natural or legal persons as a means of exchange and which may be transferred, stored and traded by electronic means. The evaluation of cryptocurrency publications has shown that most of them are related to attempts to establish legislative agricultural work for the operation of virtual currencies. The functions of the cryptocurrencies that we have defined are: the exchange and payment function, the hoarding function, the investment function and the attraction of funds necessary for the activity. Thus, we established that virtual currencies, as well as fiduciary ones, have the role of: means of payment, means of accumulation, means of capitalization and investments. Likewise, through this research we managed to highlight the main features and peculiarities of cryptocurrencies. Among the basic characteristics of cryptocurrencies we highlight: the high degree of security, maximum speed of transactions, full freedom from financial organizations, irreversibility of operations, full anonymity of transactions, open source, they can be ”mined”. Another approach was to determine the advantages and disadvantages and risks of using cryptocurrencies. The main advantages of using cryptocurrencies are related to its functions an caracteristics, such as: it represents a real alternative to classic banking services, market freedom, privacy of transactions, high speed of trnasactions, alternative payment methos, increasing the customer base etc. On the other hand there are some disatvantages. They are related mosly with the following risks: legal uncertainty, market volatility, low degree of acceptance, unsecured crypto wallets, risks related to use for illegal or criminal purposes, money laundering risks. Taking in consideration the global trend of the digitization of the society, the share and importance of fiat currencies will tend to decrease for the benefit of virtual currencies. Cryptocurrencies are becoming a real alternative to physical currencies, but its main disadvantage is that the public autorities are missing controlling it yet. Even so, in the nearest future the money could become digital figures.

Fez as a locus of migration processes on the move: integration and mutation of citizenship

ABSTRACT This article aims to define the main facets and challenges of undocumented migrants on the move in Fez city (Morocco) and their impact on neighbourhoods and on society at large. It seeks to measure the integration of sub-Saharan migrants in the host community through the metrics of their participation in economic and social activities in urban space and discusses the main hurdles impeding their integration. The data show that there is, on the one hand, a quite low degree of acceptance by the local population, which in general tolerates their presence although signs of discrimination and prejudice in certain neighbourhoods are observed. On the other hand, the sample shows that some sort of partial integration occurs through forms of micro-entrepreneurial activities and use of city services. Further, the article proposes the idea of rethinking the concept of citizenship in order to understand the new flows of migration. It shows that the concept of citizenship needs to be re-considered beyond the formal and legal dimension, in order to include informal dimensions for a more realistic rendering of the interaction between migrants and the city. Unlike Isin (2017. “Performative Citizenship.” In The Oxford Handbook of Citizenship, edited by Ayelet Shachar, Rainer Bauböck, Irene Bloemraad, and Maarten Vink, 500–523. Oxford: Oxford University Press) and others who focus mainly on acts of citizenship as political, the article reveals that migrants perform their own acts of citizenship through social interaction, in line with Ong's (2007) theory of mutations of citizenship.

Assessment of quality test methods for solid recovered fuel in South Korea

Management of solid recovered fuel (SRF) in South Korea is unique from most other countries in that it is based on a single standard. All SRFs are distributed at the same price irrespective of their performance, resulting in utilization problems and a low degree of acceptance among consumers. Moreover, the difficulty of temperature maintenance during transportation, excessive ash content, and the use of inappropriate microwave acid digestion methods pose challenges to SRF reliability. To address these issues, we compared the relevant management statuses in South Korea with those of the international community and reviewed the effects of the transportation temperature, ash content, and microwave acid digestion technique. The moisture, ash, sulfur, and chlorine contents as well as the lower heating values (LHVs) of all the samples from South Korea were found to be below the standard [international] thresholds, and they were barely influenced by the transportation temperature. In addition, 5 g samples were found to be more appropriate for ash content analysis than the 20 g samples used in South Korea, with the former producing smaller standard deviations. The optimal microwave acid digestion conditions were also determined to be a reaction time with nitric acid of >10 min, temperature of 180 °C, and microwave power of 600 W. The results of this study highlight the need for revising the SRF test methods used in South Korea, to boost the market and enhance quality reliability.

Incorporation of Spirulina (Athrospira platensis) in Traditional Egyptian Cookies as a Source of Natural Bioactive Molecules and Functional Ingredients: Preparation and Sensory Evaluation of Nutrition Snack for School Children

Spirulina (Athrospira platensis) is very rich in protein, amino acids, fatty acids, vitamins and minerals and its incorporation into foods will enrich their nutritional values. The objectives of this study were to incorporate spirulina into traditional Egyptian cookies as a source of natural bioactive molecules and to evaluate the effect of the amount of added spirulina on their sensory properties (texture, shred, color, odor and taste) and acceptability using a panel of 10 members. The results indicated that addition of spirulina to the cookies affected the texture, the mouth feel, the easiness with which breaking a cookie was made, the fragmentation and the appearance of the break line. The cookies that received no spirulina had smoother texture and moist-smooth mouth feel whereas those received spirulina had more sandy-course texture and heavy-chewy mouth feel. Increasing spirulina content from 5 to 15% made the cookies more firm and harder to break. Irregular large parts and continuous break lines were observed with the cookies that received no spirulina while more granules and smaller parts with irregular line were observed with all the cookies that received spirulina. The results showed that adding spirulina to cookies may help maintain their integrity and reduce breakage during packaging and distributions. The color of the cookies that received no spirulina was yellow to yellow-orange and that of the cookies that received 5 and 10% spirulina was yellow- green to green-yellow-green while that of the cookies received 15% spirulina was green-yellow-green to green-blue-green. All the baked cookies had a noticeable smell and the odor intensity ranged from faint to strong. Increasing the spirulina content from 5 to 15% (3-fold) increased the odor intensity by 19.6%. The nature of the smell of the cookies that received 0 and 5% spirulina was pleasant while that of the cookies that revived 10 and 15% spirulina was musty-seawater and fishy-seawater, respectively. The addition of spirulina affected both the taste and the degree of acceptance. The taste of the cookies that received no spirulina was sweet-delicious with a high degree of acceptance while the taste of the cookies that received spirulina varied from sweet-sour to bitter-fishy with lower degree of acceptance. Adding 5% spirulina did not affect the smell or the taste. However, addition of a flavoring agent to cookies having higher spirulina contents (10-15%) may be required to musk the smell and taste of spirulina. The results showed that addition of spirulina enhanced the nutritional value of the cookies by increasing the protein content of the cookies and enriching them with vitamins, mineral, omega fatty acids and amino acids, all of which have significant health benefits to school children. Therefore, a further work should be directed towards improving the smell and the taste of spirulina cookies.

The Good Tastes Study: Relations Between Children’s Eating Behaviors and Caregivers’ Intentions to Persist in Offering Difficult-to-like Foods (OR03-02-19)

ObjectivesYoung children need repeated exposure to learn to like new foods but can eat only foods caregivers offer. Thus, caregiver feeding decisions are central in determining whether children receive sufficient exposure to learn to like new foods. We undertook an exploratory study to: 1) examine child behaviors that influence caregiver perceptions of their child’s liking for novel foods; and to 2) identify which child behaviors are associated with caregiver intentions to continue offering new foods. MethodsInfants/toddlers (n = 106; 57 males; 6 – 24 mo) were observed tasting up to 8 offers of a novel food (pureed kale) by their caregivers (94% mothers). Trained researchers coded videos for successful tastes, positive (e.g., reaching for the spoon, playing with the food) and negative (e.g., expelling the food, avoiding the spoon, crying) child eating behaviors and children’s degree of acceptance of the kale (0 = refusal to 3 = anticipation). Caregiver ratings of child liking for the food (1 = Dislikes extremely to 9 = likes extremely) and their likelihood of re-offering the food (1 = not at all likely to 5 = very likely) were collected. Kruskal-Wallis tests explored differences in successful bites, frequencies of child behaviors, and caregiver ratings across child age (6 – 8.30 [mo.days]; 9 – 14.30; 15 – 24). Spearman correlations explored associations among successful tastes, child behaviors and caregiver ratings. ResultsSuccessful tastes decreased with child age (P = .000) and toddlers (15 – 24) exhibited more avoidant behavior (P = .000), cried more (P < .05), played more (P = .005), and had a lower degree of acceptance (P = .000) than infants (6 – 8.30). Perceptions of child liking and the likelihood of re-offering the kale were highly correlated (r = .63, P = .000) and did not differ by child age. Ratings of child liking and the likelihood of re-offering were: 1) negatively associated with avoidant behaviors (P < .001), crying (P < .05) or expelling kale (P < .000); and 2) positively associated with successful tastes (P < .05) and the degree of acceptance (P = .000). ConclusionsCaregiver intention to continue offering a novel food was related to whether their child ate the food, how avidly the food was eaten, and how negatively their child reacted to the food. Getting children to eat and avoiding stressful feedings may be the immediate priority over building food acceptance. Funding SourcesThe Sugar Association.

Factors Shaping Attitudes of Medical Staff towards Acceptance of the Standard Precautions.

Standard precautions (SPs) guidelines are the minimum infection prevention practices that apply to all types of patient care, regardless of suspected or confirmed infection status of the patient. They are based on risk assessment, make use of common sense practices and personal protective equipment that protect healthcare providers from infection and prevent the spread of infection from patient to patient. The aim of this study was to determine medical staff’s attitudes towards SPs and analyse the factors shaping these attitudes. The study was conducted using a questionnaire that comprised 25 statements describing the attitudes of medical personnel towards SPs. They were designed to pinpoint the factors that determine these attitudes. There were five factors identified that shape employees’ attitudes towards SPs: assessment of the situation, favourable patterns of behaviour, negative norms, unfavourable patterns of behaviour and rationalising. The study analysed 505 questionnaires filled in by hospital workers from five Polish cities. The majority of the respondents were women (92.1%), nurses (87.5%); the average age was 41.8 and the average seniority was 19.2 years. Over one-third of the respondents worked in non-surgical (36.4%) and surgical (31.6%) wards, 12.3% were employed in intensive care units (ICUs) and 8.9% in emergency departments (EDs). The variable significantly affecting the level of acceptance of SPs was seniority: initially the support was high, then it later decreased, with the greatest decrease occurring between the third and eighth year of work. The staff of medical wards and ICUs demonstrated significantly lower support for SPs and strong environmental impact on SPs perception; low degree of acceptance among medical ward staff correlated negatively with factors from the category “favourable patterns of behaviour”. The substantially strongest support for SPs was found in ED workers. The results indicate the need for continuous education of individual groups of workers concerning the application of SPs, but also the necessity to change the organisational culture in Polish hospitals.

Student’s perception on initial experience of flipped classroom in pharmacy education: Are we ready?

ABSTRACT In Malaysia, the new teaching model of a flipped classroom is emerging in higher education with the aim of promoting student-centred learning. Hence the main purpose of this study is to identify the students’ acceptance level, their perceptions, and the impact of their initial exposures to the flipped classroom model. With this in mind, a survey on undergraduate students’ perceptions of the flipped classroom was evaluated at the School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia. Surprisingly, there was a low degree of acceptance and unfavourable impressions of flipped classrooms among students. The reasons were identified to be the inappropriate use of the flipped methodology and the increase of student workload. In conclusion, the implementation of the flipped classroom method was not straightforward in Malaysia with a tradition of more didactic teaching methods.

Degree of Acceptance of Breast Reconstruction and the Associated Factors Among a Population of Chinese Women with Breast Cancer.

Breast cancer is one of the most common female "malignancies" reported worldwide in recent years. This study is aimed to understand the degree of acceptance of breast reconstruction among breast cancer patients in Chinese women and to explore the related factors. Breast cancer patients were asked to fill in the demographic questionnaire, and consent for evaluation of Breast Reconstruction Acceptance Scale, Social Support Scale, and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-breast Quality of Life Instrument (FACT-B). The data were assessed using multivariate logistic regression analysis for the correlations between the degree of acceptance of breast reconstruction and age, marital status, family monthly income, quality of life, and social support. 57.5% of 715 patients were not familiar with breast reconstruction. Results showed correlation with the degree of acceptance of breast reconstruction. Multivariate analysis indicated that age (41-50years old, OR: 0.25, 95% CI: 0.08-0.76; > 50, OR: 0.05, 95% CI: 0.02-0.15), marital status (married, OR: 0.15, 95% CI: 0.05-0.43; divorced/widowed, OR: 0.11, 95% CI: 0.03-0.42), family income (3-10 thousand RMB, OR: 2.01, 95% CI: 1.08-3.76; > 10 thousand RMB, OR: 2.14, 95% CI: 1.05-4.37), quality of life (fair, OR: 0.59, 95% CI: 0.39-0.91), and social support (excellent, OR: 0.50, 95% CI: 0.30-0.83) were all correlated with the degree of acceptance of breast reconstruction. Chinese breast cancer patients have a low degree of acceptance of breast reconstruction. The degree of acceptance was found to be correlated with age, marital status, family monthly income, quality of life, and social support. This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

Public stigma and the perception of rights: Differences between intellectual and physical disabilities

Stigma may have detrimental effects on the rights of individuals with disabilities. This study examined the association between stigma and the perception of rights of people with intellectual disabilities and people with physical disabilities. Telephone interviews using vignette methodology were conducted with a nationally representative sample of 605 adults. Items included stereotypes, prejudice, behavioral reactions and the perception of rights of these individuals. More negative stereotypes, greater social distance and greater withdrawal behaviors were found toward people with intellectual disabilities as compared to people with physical disabilities. Lower support of rights was found toward people with intellectual disabilities as compared to people with physical disabilities. Lower degree of acceptance and higher perception of dangerousness were associated with greater social distance, which was related to lower perception of rights. Programs should aim at decreasing social distance to improve support to exercise rights, especially among people with intellectual disabilities.

SOCIAL ANXIETY, SOCIAL ACCEPTANCE AND ACADEMIC SELF-PERCEPTIONS IN HIGH-SCHOOL STUDENTS

The study focused on how social anxiety relates to acceptance among classmates, academic self-efficacy and academic performance in Slovene high-school students. N = 277 students (58% females, age 16 to 17) filled in the Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents, the Sociometric Test, the Guess Who technique, and the Academic Self-Efficacy Scale. The students also answered additional questions about their well-being and social acceptance in the classroom. The results revealed that the most socially anxious students belonged to the sociometric group of rejected students, being described by their classmates as anxious and having a negative mood. More socially anxious students reported a lower degree of well-being in the classroom and a lower degree of acceptance by their classmates. Finally, higher social anxiety was related to lower academic self-efficacy but higher academic performance.

Double-stapled transanal rectotomy (STARR procedure) for obstructed defecation syndrome seems to have a low degree of acceptance amongst older surgeons

Dear Editor: We have been studying the evolution of double-stapled transanal rectotomy (STARR) with great care and interest and came to the conclusion that, despite an increasing number of studies and publications showing the efficacy of the procedure [1], there still seems to be a low degree of acceptance amongst older surgeons. Mario Pescatio et al. published a paper on two cases of rectovaginal fistula following the STARR procedure [2]. Rectovaginal fistulas definitely belong to the possible complications associated with the procedure [2]. However, there is no surgical procedure void of complications. The incidence and severity of surgical complications depend on many factors, the most important of which is the surgeon! Most important, however, are the clinical and subjective results following the STARR procedure. A great degree of clinical and subjective relief has been described in many publications [3]. The STARR procedure is accompanied by less postoperative pain, a shorter hospital stay and a faster return to work, just to name a few. These are factors that greatly influence the patients' socio-economic life. Nowadays, patients present with printouts from extensive internet research demanding new and less invasive surgical procedures. The surgical decision no longer lies in the hands of the surgery alone! The patient's choice is legally binding and greatly influences the choice of surgical procedures. We do agree that obstructed defecation has a multifactor aetiology, and there is need of an extensive diagnostic work up (dynamic perineal ultrasound studies, defecography, MRI, etc.), as well as non-surgical therapeutic measures (biofeedback, laxatives, etc.) prior to surgery. At the moment however, we consider the procedure based on numerous publications and our institutional experience as safe and adequate in the treatment of patients with surgically treatable causes of obstructed defecations syndrome [4]. Serious complications including rectovaginal fistula remain rare with adequate surgical training. The question is “is this low degree of acceptance of the STARR procedure amongst older surgeons related to unwillingness to learn new surgical techniques?”

Sawflies in the Crowns of Native and Exotic Trees, sampled with Flight-interception Traps in southern Germany (Hymenoptera: Symphyta)

Hymenoptera: Symphyta were sampled at four locations in southern Bavaria (Germany) using flight interception traps, as part of a wider survey of flying insects in the crowns of four native tree species (Picea abies (Linnaeus 1753) Karsten, Abies alba Miller 1768, Fagus sylvatica Linnaeus 1753, Quercus robur Linnaeus 1753) and two exotic species (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel 1825) Franco, Quercus rubra Linnaeus 1753). Results agreed with the few previous studies of European canopy faunas, in that Symphyta were found to be very scarce. The possible reasons for this scarcity are discussed. Numbers of saw fly species and individuals caught were highest on Q robur, followed by A alba and P abies and then the two exotic tree species. No sawflies were caught on F sylvatica. The relative importance of Q robur for adults of sawfly species, apart from its role as a larval host for some of these, is highlighted. Sawflies were nearly absent from Quercus rubra, indicating a low degree of acceptance of this exotic plant by native Symphyta. The small number of Symphyta captured on P abies was surprising, and may be related to the favourable vitality of the stands investigated. Of the sawfly species sampled, Cephalcia alashanica Gussakowskij 1935 and Pleroneura dahlii (Hartig 1837) are probably mainly confined to the canopy stratum.

Influence of a protein concentrate used as a fat substitute on the quality of cheese bread

The effects of the use of a protein concentrate as a fat substitute on the quality of cheese bread were investigated. Based on a 10% basic fat formulation, the substitution of 10, 25, 50, 75 and 100% of the oil in the formula was tested. Physical characteristics were measured, and sensorial parameters were determined. The products with lower levels of fat substitute had higher levels of acceptability. With the increase in the degree of substitution, the cheese bread products were harder, had a thicker crust and presented a less pleasant appearance, less pronounced cheese flavor and a lower degree of acceptance. The use of a fat substitute resulted in a product with a significantly lower fat content and a caloric reduction greater than 25%.

National park policy and wildlife problems in Nepal and Bhutan.

In this paper the National Park policies of the two Himalayan Kingdoms of Nepal and Bhutan are put in a complementary perspective. It aims at investigating the effects of national parks, established by initiatives based on a global discourse having evolved from economically developed countries, on food sufficiency and economic security of the people living in these protected areas. The history and socio-economic perspectives of these policies in general and recently emerging wildlife problems in particular are highlighted. The administrative and financial capacities of both countries turn out not to be adequate to meet emerging stress in the sphere of protecting nature, and wildlife in particular. To meet the goal of integrating prospects of human survival and the conservation of habitats for rare plants and animals locally accepted and appropriate ways of management have to be developed. The management of protected areas in Nepal and Bhutan shows a rather poor capacity or a low degree of acceptance on the side of government administration. The daily life of farmers in protected areas is threatened either by policing or abundance of wildlife and inadequate measures to assist the local population to overcome the shortcomings of nature conservation administration. Compensation schemes for wildlife damages, for instance, could be a helpful instrument to meet ambitious schemes to protect nature and relief the local population in remote areas of least developed countries, where means to make a living from other than subsistence farming are not easily available.

The sentinel node in breast cancer: acceptable false-negative rate

that the technique had a 20% false-negative rate. If the surgeon was not willing to use this test, he was asked successively whether he would use it, if it had a 10%, 5%, or 1% false-negative rate. The second case (T1b) involved a 0·9 cm tumour and the third case concerned a similar patient but with a 2·5 cm tumour (T2). For the first case, two surgeons refused to use the technique even if it had only a 1% false-negative rate, whereas six (40%) and 12 (80%) were reluctant if the method had respectively a 5% or 10% false-negative rate. The accepted false-negative rate was even lower for a breast cancer patient with a stage T1b or a stage T2 (table). To assess patient preference, we also interviewed 27 women, all working at a university hospital (12 physicians and 15 paramedics). They all had a high level of understanding of the subject as they were all directly or indirectly professionally involved in the management of patients with breast cancer. After ensuring that the problem was well understood, they were asked which false-negative rates would be acceptable. Most of the interviewed women (85%) preferred having the nodes systematically removed, disregarding the false negative rate of the sentinel-node approach. They also maintained their opinion regardless of the rate of lymphoedema associated with node removal. A disconcerting contrast exists between, on the one hand, the enthusiasm of some surgeons who advocate using, in early breast cancer, the sentinel-node technique instead of the classical node dissection, and, on the other hand, the low degree of acceptance by breast-cancer surgeons of falsenegative rates. It should be noted that the considered acceptable false-negative rate is lower than what has been previously published by some investigators. , 3 Such a low falsenegative rate is unlikely to exist in the clinical practice. Even more disturbing is the preference indicated by potential patients, the women interviewed in this work. Most of them were not willing to accept the slightest risk of false-negative rates. Though these women are not representative of patients with breast cancer, we hypothesise that breast-cancer patients will be even more reluctant to take the risk of not removing nodes; their level of understanding will often be lower, and they will have to be informed in emotionally much more The sentinel node in breast cancer: acceptable false-negative rate

Electoral Distortion under STV Random Sampling Procedures

This Note will discuss the impact of random sampling at elections conducted under the single transferable vote (STV) electoral system in multi-member constituencies in the Republic of Ireland. STV, partly because of its popularity among electoral reformers, has received considerable theoretical scrutiny. It has been given an ‘intermediate’ rating in recent assessment of a number of electoral systems, and dismissed as a ‘perverse social choice function’ because it is subject to non-monotonicity. This shortcoming is also mainly responsible for the low degree of acceptance accorded to it by Brams and Fishburn. Nurmi concludes that STV (like other multi-stage systems) performs poorly, with regard to a number of criteria, in comparison with one-stage systems like approval voting. Black complains that STV ‘is a compound of minor complexities and is difficult to remember’. Others have discussed shortcomings in STV and suggested remedies which can be implemented where the counting of votes is entirely computerized.