Low Cost ECG Research Articles

Handy EKG: a low-cost 3-lead electrocardiograph for primary care

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Public Institution(s). Main funding source(s): Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Honduras. Introduction Cardiovascular diseases constitute the majority of Noncommunicable Diseases deaths worldwide. In Honduras, cardiovascular diseases represent the fifth cause of death between 45 to 49 years old; 20% of emergency room visits are due to cerebrovascular events, heart failure and acute myocardial infarction. Purpose Create a low-cost ECG and digital platform that provides portability and connectivity with mobile devices and automated diagnosis to support clinicians in primary care. Methods A low-cost 3-lead ECG (Handy EKG) was developed under the technological project approach, which has two general stages: (i) platform design and (ii) field validation. The hardware design was carried out by comparing microcontrollers, 3D printing the cases and beta testing with volunteers to accomplish prototype stability. Second, the mobile application and web platform were designed to host the reference database and establish live communication between the mobile phone and the machine learning process. During the validation stage, an automatic learning model was designed to allow the device to learn from each reading and provide a possible automatic diagnosis to the user. Fifty-one device readings were performed on volunteers and compared with those obtained with a conventional 12-lead ECG and interpreted by clinicians. The results were analysed by calculating central tendency and standard deviation measures, comparing the duration, amplitude and morphology of the different ECG waves, complexes and relevant segments both on the conventional and those made with the prototype. Results The device provided readings of lead 1 of a standard 12-lead ECG to monitor and diagnose bradyarrhythmia and tachyarrhythmias. In addition, it was found that it is possible to obtain leads II and III by alternating the positioning of the electrodes. 96% (49) of the readings showed a similarity in morphology, amplitude and duration of waves, segments and complexes that allowed an interpretation of the trace. In the two cases (4%) where there was a difference, the diagnosis with the conventional ECG was pathological (abnormal). However, the diagnosis with the prototype was non-pathological (normal). Conclusion The clinical study results indicated that the designed platform was safe, had good quality in its operation at all levels and provided results that allow diagnoses equivalent to those of a conventional ECG in most cases. However, the 3-lead capacity shows a lower capacity to detect other pathologies that require a 12-lead or 15-lead ECG. The tests also showed that the prototype is more sensitive to noise (interference) than the conventional device, which made some readings difficult, which is considered one of the immediate steps to improve. The current results open the way to developing more prototypes and conducting larger-scale studies where cardiologists and a more significant number of patients with diagnosed cardiac pathologies.

WeECG: a low-cost real-time wireless ECG for new born monitoring with error concealment

This work designs a low-cost wireless HR monitoring device, WeECG, that also stores the data for subsequent analysis. Additional important design requirements include ease of use, baby comfort, support for mobility while insuring also a high level of signal integrity. We first developed a client server architecture using off-the-shelf components and a smartphone running the Android operating system. During the development of the communication module, we tested and compared two separate communication technologies: a popular ultra-low power wireless transceiver with embedded base-band protocols and a BLE communication module. WeECG presented a smaller measurement error when compared with the palpation method and a standard deviation of 0.4069 BPM when the peak interval algorithm was applied. We also examined packet loss and developed strategies to mitigate its effect, making it possible to safely transmit ECG signals. Finally, we also analyse the solution in terms of cost, size and energy consumption.

WeECG: a low-cost real-time wireless ECG for new born monitoring with error concealment

WeECG: a low-cost real-time wireless ECG for new born monitoring with error concealment

Low-Cost Portable ECG Monitoring Device for Inaccessible Areas in Pakistan

Low-Cost Portable ECG Monitoring Device for Inaccessible Areas in Pakistan

Low-Cost Portable ECG Monitoring Device for Inaccessible Areas in Pakistan

The need for a constant health monitoring system is essential especially for cardiovascular disease (CVD) that may cause sudden stroke or even death. In this paper, we present the design and development of a low-cost, efficient, and user-friendly portable Electrocardiography (ECG) monitoring device. Most of the existing heart rate measurement devices and tools available in underdeveloped countries like Pakistan are quite expensive, far to reach and inaccessible in most of the rural areas especially for the female population to reach the healthcare centers. Our proposed device monitors the patient’s body information using three lead-silver chloride ECG disposable electrodes and detects the pulse signal. The detected heart pulse signal is first filtered and then amplified. The device can display the heart signal on an external PC/laptop Graphical User Interface (GUI) and the digitized pulse rate on a Liquid Crystal Display or (LCD) to detect any signs of abnormality. We have evaluated the device on several trial subjects. Finally, the results were compared with the standard ECG signal. Our device measures the pulse signal with good accuracy like commercial devices with higher costs.

Low Cost ECG Using Neuro-Diffuse System for Recognition of Medical Signs

The objective of this project is to optimize the diagnostic process in the industry dedicated to the medical sector through diffuse control. For this, an automated system capable of carrying out the aforementioned process will be implemented in such a way that the diagnosis is carried out in an automated manner and in this way will reduce the risks and costs in the medical industry. This will have a portable device mechanism in which several pathologies will be diagnosed in the heart, three wires of different colors that will show the signal on the mobile screen, and an embedded system that will perform the digital signal processing system.

Low Cost ECG Using Neuro-Diffuse System for Recognition of Medical Signs

The objective of this project is to optimize the diagnostic process in the industry dedicated to the medical sector through diffuse control. For this, an automated system capable of carrying out the aforementioned process will be implemented in such a way that the diagnosis is carried out in an automated manner and in this way will reduce the risks and costs in the medical industry. This will have a portable device mechanism in which several pathologies will be diagnosed in the heart, three wires of different colors that will show the signal on the mobile screen, and an embedded system that will perform the digital signal processing system.

Early detection of heart diseases using a low-cost compact ECG sensor

Early detection of heart diseases using a low-cost compact ECG sensor

Electrocardiography Device with PIC18F4550 Microcontroller Using Different Communication Protocols

Many people suffer from heart disease around the world. To the problems of people with heart disease understand, it is important that monitor heart movements and intervene immediately. One of the ways to monitor heart movements is to examine the Electrocardiography of individuals. In this study, a low-cost ECG device was designed using the PIC18FF4550 microcontroller. In the designed device, the ECG signal received from the individual is displayed on the LCD device screen, which is set as a Turkish interface. At the same time, thanks to the Bluetooth module in the ECG device, it can be monitored simultaneously from electronic devices such as phones, tablets, and computers. In this way, users will be able to monitor ECG data on any electronic device with low cost and high performance.

Development of a Low-Cost and Effisient ECG devices with IIR Digital Filter Design


 
 
 
 Measurement of biosignals such as electrocardiograph has the interpretation of noise from other signals. The noise can interfere with the measurement of the heart signal and make the measurement inaccurate, so the purpose of this study is to make a 6-Lead Electrocardiogram module with an Arduino-Based Digital Filter. By using a digital filter. The contribution of this research is the use of digital filters to eliminate noise in electrocardiograph signals. This research uses Infinite Impulse Filter digital filters such as Butterworth, Chebyshev I, Chebyshev II, and Elliptic in order 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10. The study was conducted by providing input from the Function Generator on Arduino which has been applied digital filters with Frequency with 0.5Hz – 100Hz cut-off. The instrument is compared with a factory electrocardiograph. Filter measurements using 460 input data. Butterworth filter with the greatest emphasis on order 8 frequency 0.5Hz produces an emphasis of -5.74298158 dB and a frequency of 100Hz produces an emphasis of -5.93529424 dB. The Chebyshev I filter has the greatest emphasis on order 6 frequency 0.5Hz producing an emphasis of -3.27104076 dB and on order 8 frequency 100Hz producing an emphasis of -5.08730424 dB. Chebyshev II filter the biggest emphasis on the order of frequency 0.5Hz produces a suppression of -44,66011104 dB and 80Hz frequency produces a suppression of -37,3653957 dB. Elliptic filters the greatest emphasis on order 6 frequency 0.5Hz produces an emphasis on -1.55429354 dB and 100Hz frequency on order 8 produces an emphasis on -2.2849115 dB. The results showed that what was appropriate with the cut-off frequency was the Butterworth order 8 filter which was suitable for the application of the Electrocardiograph signal filter because it had bandwidth that suppressed the signal outside the cut-off frequency. The results of this study can be implemented on a 6-Lead ECG module to eliminate noise or interference when tapping ECG signals.
 
 
 

A comparative study between single lead AD8232 heart rate monitor and standard electrocardiograh to acquire electrocardiographic data for cardiac autonomic function testing

Objectives: The present study was to develop and design a simple and low cost ECG setup for patient care. The device is a low cost and simple approach for acquiring ECG data. The present study mainly focuses on reliability and consistency for acquiring the ECG data. It should be simple to use, portable and low cost to implement. Methods: The following study was conducted between two groups of subjects; each group contains n=40 subjects. First the subjects were recruited to the department of physiology autonomic function laboratory and the demographic and anthropometric data was acquired. The subjects were allowed to rest for some time. Single lead ECG was obtained using AD8232 custom designed module and was connected to a laptop as signal was captured by audacity software and compared against a medical grade ECG monitor and the results were analyzed. Findings: From our study it is clearly evident that there is a strong positive correlation of ECG data obtained between AD8232 and standard clinically approved ECG monitor r=0.9 (p 0.001). Now it is clearly evident that we can use AD8232 module instead of standard ECG device for basic monitoring. Novelty: The new device developed successfully captured single lead ECG which is a low cost implementation around |2350 (table given in annexure). Capturing ECG with microphone input is quite new way of acquiring ECG signals. The new device was easy to set up, no special software is needed to acquire the signal runs on USB voltage which is 5v. The device is simple to use, open source hardware and consistent with the recordings when compared with the standard ECG monitor. The latest device can be configured in many ways for future applications using open source sound capturing software. Audacity open source software. Keywords: Portable ECG; single lead; USB; open source; AC; DC; AD8232; GPL

Design Methods of Detecting Atrial Fibrillation Using the Recurrent Neural Network Algorithm on the Arduino AD8232 ECG Module

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is part of a type of heart disease characterized by a rhythmic irregular heartbeat. AF conditions that occur continuously can potentially cause a stroke for sufferers. The method of reading and detecting the possibility of AF is needed to prevent the risk of stroke due to AF. In this research, the Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) method is used in classifying electrocardiogram readings to obtain accuracy in the assessment of AF. The data information used in the study was obtained from physicians who were the bases of ECG result image data, and data information was also obtained by implementing directly through a simple and low-cost ECG using Arduino AD8232 to test user information directly related to AF conditions at the user’s heart. RNN method that is tested can obtain more accurate accuracy values in detecting AF heart rate abnormalities, and the Arduino AD8232 module can be a good ECG in reading low-cost but high-accuracy heart records.

Development of A Low-Cost Arduino-Based 12-Lead Ecg Acquisition System And Accompanied Labview Application

In this paper, the design of a real-time digital multi--channel ECG signal acquisition system is presented. With the purpose of fabrication towards a simple, compact and low-cost tool for bioelectrical signal processing laboratories, the system is developed to acquire the 12 leads EGC signals and converted to numerical data based on an Arduino module named as Leonardo equipped 12 channels ADC. To observe the EGC waves, the ECG signals are amplified through designed amplifiers with the gain of 60 dB. To reduce the effects from the DC component as well as the baseline wandering and the high frequency noise, the active analog bandpass filter ranged in 0,05 Hz to 100 Hz was designed. The power line noise of 50 Hz also decreased with an active analog bandstop filter with attenuation -38 dB. Under the PC application was built using Labview programing, the low-cost digital ECG signal acquisition system was demonstrated with the requirement of observation in real-time. To clarify the small wave in the digital EGG signal, the limitation of the analog signal processing is improved through the digital filters parameterized in the software to increase the SNR from 1.4 dB to 27.6 dB. Practically, the system is evaluated through a series of experiments on a volunteer person resulting the ECG data is recorded and stored in a TDMS file. Since the system is designed as opened-system, a series of developments towards various applications in biomedical diagnosis based on digital signal analysis techniques is promised to be feasible in the near future.

A robust deep convolutional neural network with batch-weighted loss for heartbeat classification

The early detection of abnormal heart rhythm has become crucial due to the spike in the rate of deaths caused by cardiovascular diseases. While many existing works tried to classify heartbeats accurately, they suffered from the imbalance between heartbeat classes in the available ECG datasets since abnormal heartbeats appear much less frequently than normal ones. In addition, most of existing methods heavily rely on data preprocessing such as noise removal and feature extraction, which is computationally expensive, thus limits their use on low-cost portable ECG devices.We present a novel deep convolutional neural network based on state-of-the-art deep learning techniques for accurate heartbeat classification. We suggest a batch-weighted loss function to better quantify the loss in order to overcome the imbalance between classes. The loss weights dynamically change as the distribution of classes in each batch changes. Also, we propose to use multiple heartbeats for more effective heartbeat classification.Even though we use ECG signal from one lead only without any data preprocessing, our method consistently outperforms existing methods of 5-class heartbeat classification. Our accuracy, positive productivity, sensitivity and specificity under intra-patient paradigm are 99.48%, 98.83%, 96.97% and 99.87%, and those under inter-patient paradigm are 88.34%, 48.25%, 90.90% and 88.51% respectively.

Design and Implementation of Low Cost ECG Monitoring System and Analysis using Smart Device

Design and Implementation of Low Cost ECG Monitoring System and Analysis using Smart Device

Towards Development of a Low Cost and Portable ECG Monitoring System for Rural/Remote Areas of Bangladesh

Towards Development of a Low Cost and Portable ECG Monitoring System for Rural/Remote Areas of Bangladesh

Design and Development of Standard 12-Lead ECG Data Acquisition and Monitoring System

This paper presents a low cost and portable 12-lead ECG data acquisition and monitoring system based on microcontroller. Surface mount devices (SMDs) are used to realize a compact system. The system consists of two parts, analog pre-data acquisition part and digital data processing part. In analog pre-data acquisition part, it composes of three channels measuring circuits and lead selector. Each channel includes analog 0.7Hz to 20Hz band pass filter and amplifier with the overall gain of 900. In accordance with the tested measurement, percent gain error is low. In digital data processing part, the microcontroller is programmed using C-language. USB interfacing is also used to transfer the data to PC. The 12-lead ECG system can be performed by using the lead selector which is controlled by the microcontroller.

Evaluating ECG Capturing Using Sound-Card of PC/Laptop

The purpose of the Evaluating ECG capturing using sound-card of PC/Laptop is provided portable and low cost ECG monitoring system using laptop and mobile phones. There is no need to interface micro controller or any other device to transmit ECG data. This research is based on hardware design, implementation, signal capturing and Evaluation of an ECG processing and analyzing system which attend the physicians in heart disease diagnosis. Some important modification is given in design part to avoid all definitive ECG instrument problems faced in previous designs. Moreover, attenuate power frequency noise and noise that produces from patient's body have required additional developments. The hardware design has basically three units: transduction and conditioning Unit, interfacing unit and data processing unit.The most focusing factor is the ECG signal/data transmits in laptop/PC via microphone pin. The live simulation is possible using SOUNDSCOPE software in PC/Laptop. The software program that is written in MATLAB and LAB-View performs data acquisition (record, stored, filtration) and several tasks such as QRS detection, calculate heart rate.

Evaluating ECG Capturing Using Sound-Card of PC/Laptop

The purpose of the Evaluating ECG capturing using sound-card of PC/Laptop is provided portable and low cost ECG monitoring system using laptop and mobile phones. There is no need to interface microcontroller or any other device to transmit ECG data. This research is based on hardware design, implementation, signal capturing and Evaluation of an ECG processing and analyzing system which attend the physicians in heart disease diagnosis. Some important modification is given in design part to avoid all definitive ECG instrument problems faced in previous designs. Moreover, attenuate power frequency noise and noise that produces from patient's body have required additional developments. The hardware design has basically three units: transduction and conditioning Unit, interfacing unit and data processing unit. The most focusing factor is the ECG signal/data transmits in laptop/PC via microphone pin. The live simulation is possible using SOUNDSCOPE software in PC/Laptop. The software program that is written in MATLAB and LAB-View performs data acquisition (record, stored, filtration) and several tasks such as QRS detection, calculate heart rate.

Development of an Automated Updated Selvester QRS Scoring System Using SWT-Based QRS Fractionation Detection and Classification

The Selvester score is an effective means for estimating the extent of myocardial scar in a patient from low-cost ECG recordings. Automation of such a system is deemed to help implementing low-cost high-volume screening mechanisms of scar in the primary care. This paper describes, for the first time to the best of our knowledge, an automated implementation of the updated Selvester scoring system for that purpose, where fractionated QRS morphologies and patterns are identified and classified using a novel stationary wavelet transform (SWT)-based fractionation detection algorithm. This stage informs the two principal steps of the updated Selvester scoring scheme--the confounder classification and the point awarding rules. The complete system is validated on 51 ECG records of patients detected with ischemic heart disease. Validation has been carried out using manually detected confounder classes and computation of the actual score by expert cardiologists as the ground truth. Our results show that as a stand-alone system it is able to classify different confounders with 94.1% accuracy whereas it exhibits 94% accuracy in computing the actual score. When coupled with our previously proposed automated ECG delineation algorithm, that provides the input ECG parameters, the overall system shows 90% accuracy in confounder classification and 92% accuracy in computing the actual score and thereby showing comparable performance to the stand-alone system proposed here, with the added advantage of complete automated analysis without any human intervention.