Low-cost Flats Research Articles

THE IMPACT OF ATTITUDE CHANGE FOR CLEANLINESS AMONG LOW COST FLAT RESIDENTS TOWARDS QUALITY OF LIFE IN JOHOR BAHRU, MALAYSIA

The primary cause of cleaning problems in low-cost flats is the attitude of the residents, who are frequently perceived as disliking their shared accountability and dedication to maintaining their dwelling zones. Hence, these attitudes will impact low-cost flats' quality of life (QOL). However, the relationship and effects of a change in attitude toward cleanliness from a property management perspective have received less attention in the literature. This study is conducted to determine attitude change factors for cleanliness among low-cost flat residents and to analyse the impact of attitude change factors towards resident's quality of life (QOL) near Johor Bahru. The quantitative method was used through a questionnaire survey from 100 respondents among low-cost residents. Descriptive analysis, factors analysis and correlation analyses were used for the data. The result shows that cognitive biases and belief formation are the top attitude change factors among the residents. The correlation between attitude change factors and QOL showed a strong correlation between cognitive and behavioural elements. This result can be a basis for further exploration of the change in the cleanliness attitude of low-cost residents.

Climate change and flooding: governmental responses to displacement and relocation in Jakarta’s informal neighborhoods

PurposeThis study aims to analyze the policies and strategies used by governmental organizations to address the impacts of climate change in informal neighborhoods, kampungs, such as Bukit Duri and Melayu in Jakarta, Indonesia, focusing on canal and river flooding mitigation and infrastructure development. The research examines the displacement of residents due to the demolition of informal settlements along riverbanks, the role of different governmental organizations and the implications of these policies on affected communities.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses the theoretical framework of environmental injustice to evaluate the strategies used by the Indonesian Government to address climate change adaptation in Jakarta, with a specific focus on the problem of flooding and its impact on displacement. By analyzing the history and outcomes of flood mitigation policies, this paper assesses the government’s strategies related to infrastructure, evacuation and socialization. In doing so, the study examines the social impact of these policies on affected communities. Furthermore, social listening and media analysis of Twitter data and various news outlets are conducted to gain insights into the living conditions and experiences of displaced residents in two public housing projects.FindingsThe study revealed the challenges faced by the government in implementing policies for climate change adaptation and flood mitigation in Jakarta, including a lack of community engagement with residents of the Kampungs in the decision-making process for relocation. Despite government efforts and providing low-cost apartments (rusuwana), the analysis sheds light on the various forms of injustice that result from the government’s approach to climate change adaptation in Jakarta.Originality/valueThis study examines social justice issues in Jakarta’s informal neighborhoods and explores locally driven efforts vs government-mandated policies for managing natural hazards and adapting to climate change.

Hidup Hijau di Tepi Air

Title: Green Living by the Water; Testing Punggol Waterway Terraces as a Model for Eco-Friendly Apartment Design in Singapore This research discusses the importance of green architecture and green low-cost apartments in addressing the discord between the environment and society, particularly in developing new cities like the National Capital of Nusantara. This concept began gaining recognition in 2013 in Singapore, which has adopted the principles of Green Building. One successful example is the Punggol Waterway Terraces Apartment, which emphasizes sustainable design while considering resource efficiency and social inclusivity. Although this concept offers significant benefits, several challenges remain, including costs, accessibility, and efficiency. This study proposes research on the Green Low-Cost Apartment concept, focusing on the Punggol Waterway Terraces Apartment as a successful example. The research method used is Case Study Research, and the results highlight the design, facilities, costs, and innovations related to this concept. Punggol Waterway Terraces is part of Punggol Eco-town, a sustainable and innovative solutions laboratory. However, some weaknesses, such as lack of building maintenance and privacy, must be addressed. Nonetheless, this apartment demonstrates HDB's seriousness in realizing the concept of 'Green Living by the Waters' by implementing various green technologies and good social facilities. Thus, this apartment becomes a successful case study supporting sustainable development in Singapore.

The Effect of Inlet-Outlet Position and Ratio on Airflow Patterns and Privacy in Low-Cost Flat Units in Surabaya

A low-cost rental flat is a vertical building with natural ventilation as the primary ventilation source for its units. In practice, residents do not use room openings optimally because it tends to reduce room privacy. The consideration of the position and inlet-outlet area ratio is essential to create better privacy with airflow patterns that support room activities. The research consists of two stages. The first stage was carried out using qualitative methods, which proved the utilization of openings in the hallway side influenced user privacy. This paper discusses the results of the second stage, which was carried out using quantitative methods. The research aims to solve low-cost flats’ cross-ventilation problem. Data collection using quantitative methods based on observations, data analysis using simulations of airflow patterns, and distribution analysis tables. The results show that the airflow pattern in the existing design does not support the resident’s activities with the applied room openings having poor privacy. The proposed designs with privacy parameters consideration, an opening area ratio of 1 (inlet): 1.6 (outlet) and a ratio of 1 (inlet): 2 (outlet) shows an average increase of 50% in airflow velocity and privacy in the unit room compared to the existing design.

The Relevance of Vertical Housing to the Socio-Economic Characteristics of Occupants in Semarang City, Indonesia: Particularly the Proximity of Public Facility Aspects

Population growth and economic development can lead to increased housing demand amid limitations and rising land prices in the City of Semarang, Indonesia. One effort to overcome this challenge has involved shifting the approach to providing shelter to building vertical housing. However, various problems have emerged which suggest that vertical housing is not currently relevant to the socio-economic characteristics of its inhabitants. Thus, this study aims to determine the relevance of vertical housing to residents’ socio-economic characteristics particularly in proximity of public facility aspects. To achieve the research objective, this research uses quantitative research method. Importance–performance analysis (IPA) uses to determine the relevance of vertical housing to residents’ socio-economic characteristics and geospasial tools use to analyze descriptively the proximity of public facilities. Based on the relevance analysis, it can be concluded that the relevance between residents in apartments and residents in flats has some differences. This could happen because of differences in the location and financial capability of residents in apartment and flat. Performance improvement is needed, especially on economic factors for apartments and accessibility factors for low-cost flats so that vertical housing can become more relevant. Therefore, these findings can become input in formulating a policy for providing affordable vertical housing in the Semarang that is well-suited to the socio-economic characteristics of its inhabitants.

The Effects of Bankruptcy on PT Megakarya Maju Sentosa, Ciputat, South Tangerang

Capital, which refers to cost, is one consideration in building low-cost apartment. Because of this developer can utilize the finance provided by banks. However, financing can be gained by selling the units before the low-cost apartment is built. This is as meant by Article 42 of the Law No. 20 of 2011 on low-cost apartment building, which allows the property units to be marketed before it is built (pre-project selling). However, before conducting the sales, there are some requirements to meet. This is contained in Article 43 of the Law No. 20 of 2011 on low-cost apartment building which states that the process of sale and purchase of unit before the unit is completely built can be conducted through Sale and Purchase Agreement (PPJB) made before a Notary. The PPJB stipulated by Paragraph 1 is executed after there are legal certainty over; a. landownership, b. ownership of building permit, c. the availability of facilities, infrastructures, and public utility, d. 20% (twenty per cent) minimally constructed, and the agreed terms. To manage the gained capital, it is necessary to correctly calculate everything in order to avoid bankruptcy. This research analyzes the effects of bankruptcy, which causes the auction on land and building. The issues discussed in this research are bankruptcy which leads to the auction of land and building assets, bankruptcy estate, and Limited Liability Company (PT)’s legal responsibility on its concurrent creditors. This research applies normative approach. The data were collected from documents or other references. They were analyzed qualitatively. The findings of this research show that the funds resulted from the auction was used to handle the auction fee, to pay both preferred and separatist creditors. Therefore, the concurrent creditors were not provided compensations as the results of the sold debtor’s assets. PT’s legal responsibility was to settle agreement only with the separatist creditors without involving concurrent creditors. Meanwhile, in building the low-cost apartment, concurrent also played great role to provide capital assistance by purchasing the unit of low-cost apartment. In fact, the settlement was only conducted with the separatist creditors. As a result, the concurrent creditors serve as the weakest party

Application of Universal Design Principles Study for the Circulation of Elderly, Disabled People, and Goods in Rusunawa Pesakih, Jakarta

Rental Low-Cost Apartment (Rusunawa) is a vertical residential building inhabited by many people from various backgrounds. There are elderly and people with disabilities who use wheelchairs. Then such residents would have difficulty circulating in the building, especially vertical circulation. The vertical circulation of heavy goods is also a problem if the building has many floors and no vertical transportation facilities. The methodology used in this paper is a descriptive analysis method with Universal Design Principles as a parameter. From the analysis of the application of Universal Design Principles, a solution would be produced without changing the building on a large scale. The solution is to provide a foldable stairlift platform for the elderly and people with disabilities who use a wheelchair and add a mini freight elevator to the building.
 

Does inheritance taxation reform promote to build inexpensive rental housing?

The inheritance taxation reform of 2015 in Japan substantially increased the amount of tax levied on large inheritances. This potentially served as a good incentive for people to build inexpensive low-rise apartments for tax savings, which increased the number of low-cost apartments. Therefore, this study investigates the effect of inheritance taxation reform on housing rents. Using the difference-in-differences method, we reveal that the inheritance taxation reform decreased the housing rents of wooden or light steel-framed apartments by 1.3%. Moreover, our results indicate that while the rental of slightly older housings belonging to the treatment group decreased, the rental of new housing belonging to the treatment group did not change.

Space Utilization in Vertical Residential Complex (Rusunawa) in Jakarta, Indonesia

The rapid growth of cities, including Jakarta, encourages the conversion of non-built-up areas into built-up ones. It can threaten their sustainability. To overcome a decreasing trend of green open spaces, the Government of Jakarta (GoJ) has established a policy stipulating that urban areas must have at least 30% green open spaces. Therefore, the vertical residential complex can be a solution to reach it, especially in Simple and Low-Cost Apartment Buildings (Rusunawa). Based on previous issues, this paper analyses their surface and whether it reaches the regulation. Moreover, this paper identifies factors influencing the surface. We study 30 of 32 Rusunawas in Jakarta. Then, we conducted descriptive spatial analysis by interpreting high-resolution satellite imagery to find space utilization patterns in the Rusunawas. The findings are that: only 20 % of Rusunawas (6 of 30 Rusunawas) have reached a minimum of 30 % green open space of the total area, indicating challenges to meeting the regulation. Based on in-depth interviews with the management of Rusunawa, the findings are that: the land availability of Rusunawas' complex is limited, green open space competes with anthropogenic-living space use, and the initial site plan is not designed to meet the regulation. Moreover, in the case of Rusunawa located near the coastal area, water, and land salinity are obstacles.

Capturing the Low-Cost Housing Residents’ Sustainable Practices in Urban Area: The Moderating Effect of Perceived Policy Effectiveness

Globally, solid waste has contributed to environmental issues in many nations. Malaysia likewise one of the countries which has had trouble managing its solid waste since landfills are often used to dispose of garbage in Malaysia. People who live in low-cost apartments in Kuala Lumpur are frequently stereotyped as being preoccupied with the problem of garbage collection. It is commonly seen that low-income communities are more likely to engage in environmentally damaging garbage disposal practices. Looking at the households in low-income flats, notably those in Flat Projek Perumahan Rakyat (PPR) Sri Pantai, will provide useful insight into the factors that motivate people to recycle. This study employs the hypotheses study to test the moderating effects on the relationship between independent variables (attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and moral norms) and dependent variable (recycling intentions). 125 households of Flat PPR Sri Pantai, Pantai Dalam, Kuala Lumpur were surveyed for this study. Among four hypotheses, the perceived policy effectiveness only has moderating effects on subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and moral norms.

COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION IN THE URBAN PLANNING DECISION-MAKING PROCESS AMONG THE LOW-INCOME SEGMENT IN ISKANDAR MALAYSIA

Community participation in urban planning in Peninsular Malaysia is framed by the Town and Country Planning Act 1976. Iskandar Malaysia is facing rapid urbanisation, which sees development intensification, especially in Johor Bahru. As a result, it has inflicted challenges on local planning authorities in Iskandar Malaysia to plan and provide genuine participation to the community, especially the low-income segment. The question in this study is, "to what extent does the current participatory platform in Iskandar Malaysia offer a genuine opportunity to the low-income segment to participate in the planning and operational decision-making?". This study examines the current state of the low-income segment's participation in the development plan-making and planning permission processes. This study used document gathering and document analysis to collect and analyse the secondary data from selected local plans and planning permission applications of Johor Bahru and Kulai districts. A series of focus group discussions involving the residents' committees of the selected low-cost apartments around Johor Bahru and Kulai districts is also conducted; hence, thematically analysed to substantiate the document analysis' findings. The findings suggested limited opportunities for the low-income segment to participate in development plan-making and planning permission in Iskandar Malaysia.

SOCIAL IMPACT OF SOCIAL DISTANCING ON RESIDENTS OF LOW-COST APARTMENTS DURING THE CONDITIONAL MOVEMENT CONTROL ORDER (CMCO) IN SELANGOR, MALAYSIA

The spread of the coronavirus since the end of 2019 turned the pandemic into the main global health challenge. One preventative measure has been social distancing, which requires physical distance to be maintained between people who are not members of the same household. The implementation of social distancing has impacted many aspects of daily life, especially learning, working, physical movement, and sports/recreational activities. In 2021, a study was conducted among residents of a low-cost apartment complex in Selangor, Malaysia to examine the social impacts of social distancing. Analysis of the data collected from a questionnaire survey revealed that for most respondents, social distancing affected the performance of their daily activities in most places. Of the seven (7) types of social activities examined, family life and neighbourhood/community relationships were less negatively affected in terms of quality of life. Meanwhile, their quality of life was reduced, especially in relation to sports/recreational activities and transportation/physical movement. Lifestyle changes or the new normal for the purpose of implementing social distancing for public/social activities should be studied further to reduce the negative social impact of this measure.

Knowledge and practices in preventing nutritional anaemia of the urban poor adolescents in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Background: Anaemia has been identified as a major public health problem that affects both developed and developing countries, including Malaysia. To prevent anaemia, knowledge is a key parameter for changing attitudes and practices. Aim: This present study aims to determine the association of knowledge and practices in preventing nutritional anaemia with anaemia status of urban poor adolescents in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Methods: A total of 209 urban poor adolescents (50.7% males and 49.3% females) aged 10 to 17 years old were recruited from eight low-cost flats (People Housing Programme) in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. A self-administered questionnaire was used to assess the sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge and practices in preventing nutritional anaemia. Anaemia status from the haemoglobin level concentration was determined using HemoCue® 201 + hemoglobinometer. Results: The prevalence of anaemia among urban poor adolescents was 58.4%, particularly prevalent among females (p < 0.001) and household size of six and above (p = 0.036). Only 29.2% and 10.0% of them were found to have good levels of knowledge and practices in preventing nutritional anaemia, respectively. Adolescents with high knowledge level tended to be anaemic as compared to poor knowledge level (AOR(95% CI) = 2.20 (1.02, 5.61), p < 0.05) after adjusting for sex, household size and monthly household income. Conclusion: Findings showed high prevalence of anaemia and low levels of knowledge and practices of nutritional anaemia prevention among the urban poor adolescents. Nutrition education and intervention are needed to improve the anaemia status of the urban poor adolescents.

Examining the Needs of Green Infrastructure (GI) Facilities in Strata Low-cost Flats, Selangor

Rapid urbanization has transformed the pattern of urban land use to focus more on housing development. Unfortunately, the focus is less on improving the optimal use of community and green infrastructure (GI) facilities for communities in low-cost housing. Studies have shown that the lack of proper facilities and GI have impacted the individual, physical, psychological, and social health of a community. The outdoor facilities of low-cost housing developments are claimed to be very limited. Hence, the planning standards and guidelines for housing should go beyond their basic provisions, to offer a more conducive environment that improves the health and wellbeing of the community, especially in the event of a pandemic. Hence, the paper presents the preference of GI facilities in three low-cost strata housing flats in Selangor (Lembah Jaya, Kajang Utama, and PKNS PJS2 low-cost flats). The data collection consists of (a) spatial analysis using drone images that were converted into AutoCAD spatial maps; (b) interviews with the Joint Management Bodies; and (c) a questionnaire survey of residents (Lembah Jaya–n=116; Kajang Utama Flats–n=50; PKNS PJS2–n=85). The results reveal the limitations of the existing developments, challenges, and needs of the community. Considering the current COVID-19 pandemic, the outdoor spaces in the housing areas are indispensable for residents to relax their minds and do various allowable outdoor activities. This paper emphasizes that the provision of a new model for community and GI facilities in low-cost apartments is a must. A comfortable living environment in the area will support the ecological and social system of a community, thus promoting a good society. It urges the government, developers, and local governments to change the development approach for this type of housing to one that emphasizes a healthier, higher-quality, and more sustainable environment for the local community

Study on Daylight Performance and Spatial Configuration of Low-cost Apartment Building in Indonesia through Computational Simulation

Daylight is one of the variables in measuring the Indoor Environment Quality (IEQ) of buildings. Optimizing daylighting in design will benefit the health of building occupants and also potentially contribute to energy saving. Most of the low-cost apartment buildings have a problem in providing daylight for the habitable space. This paper investigates the daylight performance of low-cost apartment buildings based on the space configuration. This study used two bed-rooms low-cost apartments (36 square meters) as a simulation model. Three building types used in this simulation are 1) The general typology, 2) The government typology, and 3) The alternative typology. This study used DIALux 9.1 software to simulate the daylight performance in a Low-cost apartment building. The simulation results are analysed and compared with the natural lighting standard for the building (SNI 03-6575-2001). The study shows that the alternative building type provides the best daylight performance in terms of an average levels of illuminance and distribution.

Low-Cost Apartment Design with Tropical Architecture Approach in Bekasi City

Bekasi city is one of the largest Jakarta’s satellite cities that is experiencing population growth very quickly, especially in Bantargebang district. Bantargebang has the most population growth rate and is considered as slums as the Landfill Disposal located there. Bekasi is geographically located in the lowlands and experiences a massive growth in industrial and residential activities throughout the year, causing an increase in the temperature of the microclimate in which makes people feel thermally uncomfortable living there. This paper describes the design process of Low-Cost-Apartment (Rusunawa) with Tropical Architecture approach to answer the problem of thermal comfort. This research was conducted by analyzing the impact of application of Tropical Architecture such as building orientation, building configurations, building coverage, vegetations, openings, and materials to create a more comfortable place for living. The design process of these indicators is based on building simulations such as SunHour, CFD (Computational Fluid Design), and RayMan Tools to obtain the ideal design. This paper presents the usage of sunshading on the top 2 floors of each tower, specifically at the north side, and the building configuration with various level of height on each towers to help maximize the air flow within the site in order to reach thermal comfort. From simulations with these three tools, it can be concluded that the thermal comfort can be reached with the application of Tropical Architecture.

Structural Equation Model (SEM) Correlation Between Work Breakdown Structure (WBS), Work Method and Risk Towards Cost Of Safety On Low-Cost Apartments Project

Cost of safety is a fundamental aspect that is inevitable to be considered during the construction cost planning phase. The cost of safety estimation is determined based on several factors, including WBS (work breakdown structure), work method, risk and other contributing factors. This estimation is critical in construction, specifically for high rise building constructions. In a case where there is a lack of a suitable methodology in estimating the cost of safety, may incur inaccuracy and uncertainty in determining the actual cost of safety. Besides the mentioned factors, this study will use Structural Equation Model – Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) in determining the construct model cost of safety, for the case of the build of low-cost apartment building (Rusunawa).

Dietary practices, food purchasing, and perceptions about healthy food availability and affordability: a cross-sectional study of low-income Malaysian adults

BackgroundMalaysia has the highest rate of overweight and obesity among Asian countries. Obesity is increasing particularly among low-income populations. This study aimed to assess dietary practices among low-income adults in urban communities, including gender and ethnic variation, to inform the development of locally tailored, evidence-based interventions for health promotion.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted from August to December 2020. Stratified sampling was employed to recruit 2983 low-income adults from households in the bottom 40% of the economic spectrum (B40) at six public, low-cost housing flats in the Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Face-to-face interviews were conducted using a structured questionnaire to understand dietary practices, perceptions of healthy food availability and affordability, and factors affecting food purchasing decisions.ResultsA staggering 89.5% of B40 adults were found to not consume adequate daily amounts of fruits and vegetables. In addition, 68.1% reported consuming sugar-sweetened beverages at least once per week, including commercially packed ready-to-drink beverages, sugar-added self-prepared drinks, and premixed drinks. Intake was statistically significantly higher among men (71.7%), Malays (70.3%), and Indians (69.9%). Bread and other commercially baked goods were the most common processed foods, and 52.9% of respondents consumed it at least once per week. Majorities reported that healthy foods were moderately available and priced. The top three reported factors affecting food purchase choices were price (79.4%), availability (75%), and taste (73%).ConclusionsAdults in low-cost housing communities have unhealthy dietary patterns with low intake of fruits and vegetables and high intake of ultra-processed foods and calorie-dense local foods, with variations across gender and ethnicity. The study highlighted the need for educating low-income families on diet-disease relationships and possibilities for inexpensive, healthy eating that rely on minimally processed fresh foods. Policymakers engaging the food industry are advised to consider how to increase the affordability and availability of healthy foods in low-income communities in urban areas.

Space Flexibility : A Design Concept for Accomodating Spatial Invasion in Communal Flat

Housing needs are an urgent necessity for middle income residents in several areas in Surabaya. Thus, there are several dense settlements that were built illegally. The government provides the solution of simple rental flats (Rusunawa) as their substitute residence. Relocation of illegal settlement to rusunawa is often rejected by the inhabitant because oftentimes the design does not accommodate basic needs according to inhabitant’s perceptual and subjective view. Space invasion as a lifestyle expression of informal settlement is often overlooked when designing a simple, low-cost apartment buildings (Rusunawa). The purpose of this study is to propose a flexible architectural concept, based on observations of space invasion exploration gathered from field studies. This study is initiated from an exploratory thinking which drives the formation of the architectural design-based research to determine the design issue, hypothesis and design mapping based on the method of conceptual design. Literature and precedent studies are obtained to propose the first hypothesis that will be applied and explored through field research investigation. The field study is conducted at the riverbank’s settlement of Medokan Semampir Indah Tangkis Surabaya, which has a creative pattern and expression of space invasion. Our hypothesis states that spatial invasion activities are ways of expressing the lifestyle of people who live in riverbanks settlement. The Spatial invasion is expressed in domestic, social and economic activities. The results are then used as main idea or primary force for the concept design of collective residence, and to provide design criteria and parameters that suits to the needs and desires of the inhabitants.

ASPECTS OF PUBLIC SPACE IN THE INFORMAL ECONOMIC SPACES AT LOW-COST APARTMENT BUILDING (RUSUNAWA) IN SURABAYA

The human needs for livelihood have become important part as an effort to maintain its survival. Therefore, one of the job opportunities that can be done is to work in the informal sector. The informal sector also appears in public spaces, the example is at low-cost apartment building (rusunawa), such as food stalls and grocery stores in corridors, playgrounds or parking areas of rusunawa. This study looks at the development of the function of the rusunawa as a residence into an informal economic space in the Rusunawa in the City of Surabaya. This study used a qualitative descriptive method, by connecting the correlation between the public space and the informal economy space (logic model analysis and cross-case synthesis). So that it can provide knowledge about the planning and development of rusunawa in the future, as policy guidelines regarding the planning and development of rusunawa.&#x0D; Keywords : Public Space, Informal Economic Space, Affordable Rental Apartments, Surabaya