Low Fiber Consumption Research Articles

Problematic behaviors at mealtimes and the nutritional status of Brazilian children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.

The aim of this study was to explore problematic behaviors and their association with the food consumption and nutritional status of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). This is a cross-sectional study which enrolled 90 Brazilian children (aged 2-10 years) with ASD. A sociodemographic questionnaire, the ASD Eating Behavior Assessment Scale, and the 24-h recall were used. Age, height, total body weight, and Body Mass Index (BMI) were accessed to estimate nutritional status (BMI/Age). Consumption of fruits, vegetables, total calories, macro and micronutrients (calcium, iron, zinc, omega 3 and omega 6), and Body Mass Index (BMI) were assessed. The regression models were adjusted for covariates (prevalence ratio - PR, α = 0.05). All studied children presented problematic behaviors at mealtimes, with a predominance of food selectivity (57.8%), followed by changes in mealtime skills (34.4%), changes in masticatory motor skills (25.6%), oppositional eating behaviors (20.4%), and rigid eating behaviors (20.0%). Food selectivity was associated with excess body weight (PR: 1.94; 95% CI: 1.08-3.51) and absence of vegetable consumption (PR: 0.61; 95% CI: 0.46-0.81). Rigid eating behaviors was associated with low consumption of fiber (PR: 1.42; 95% CI: 1.15-1.75) and zinc (PR: 2.15; 95% CI: 1.33-3.45), and with excessive caloric (PR: 1.14; 95% CI: 1.02-1.29) and lower calcium intake (PR: 0.52; 95% CI: 0.29-0.91). Selectivity and rigidity behaviors have different relationships with food consumption and are associated with a higher prevalence of inadequacies, which may lead to nutritional risks for children. Further studies may investigate the influence of problematic behaviors and excess body weight in ASD.

Resection of the extra vertebral portion of the filum terminale plus sphincterectomy. Case Report

Introduction: Constipation is a gastrointestinal disorder that causes less frequent bowel movements, difficult stools, pain, and stiffness. Acute constipation can cause intestinal obstruction and may even require surgery. The pathogenesis is multifactorial and focuses on genetic predisposition, socioeconomic status, low fiber consumption, lack of sufficient fluid intake, lack of mobility, changes in hormonal balance, side effects of medications or body anatomy. Chronic constipation is a complex condition in older people characterized by difficulty defecating. In this sense, this situation is closely related to the patient's quality of life and the consumption of health resources. Clinical Case: male patient who reports chronic constipation for a year, presents for 24 hours a clinical condition characterized by vomiting of food content on 4 occasions, reports abdominal distension accompanied by flatulence and dyspepsia, during hospitalization an episode of hematochezia versus rectal bleeding is evident. Evolution: Chronic Constipation is diagnosed and Resection Technique of the extravertebral portion of the filum terminalis plus posterior internal sphincterectomy is used. Conclusions: The Resection Technique of the extravertebral portion of the filum terminalis plus posterior internal sphincterectomy has demonstrated excellent benefits in the management of pediatric patients with chronic constipation.

The gut commensal Blautia maintains colonic mucus function under low-fiber consumption through secretion of short-chain fatty acids

Beneficial gut bacteria are indispensable for developing colonic mucus and fully establishing its protective function against intestinal microorganisms. Low-fiber diet consumption alters the gut bacterial configuration and disturbs this microbe-mucus interaction, but the specific bacteria and microbial metabolites responsible for maintaining mucus function remain poorly understood. By using human-to-mouse microbiota transplantation and ex vivo analysis of colonic mucus function, we here show as a proof-of-concept that individuals who increase their daily dietary fiber intake can improve the capacity of their gut microbiota to prevent diet-mediated mucus defects. Mucus growth, a critical feature of intact colonic mucus, correlated with the abundance of the gut commensal Blautia, and supplementation of Blautia coccoides to mice confirmed its mucus-stimulating capacity. Mechanistically, B. coccoides stimulated mucus growth through the production of the short-chain fatty acids propionate and acetate via activation of the short-chain fatty acid receptor Ffar2, which could serve as a new target to restore mucus growth during mucus-associated lifestyle diseases.

Incidence Rates of Risk Factors for Colorectal Cancer's Early Symptoms in the Community in Gondanglegi District, Malang, East Java, Indonesia: An Epidemiological Study

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common types of cancer worldwide. CRC is most typical symptom is hematochezia while the risk factors encompass sex, age, genetic predispositions, history of colorectal polyps or cancer, chronic inflammatory bowel diseases, physical exercise, and specific dietary choices, including high red meat intake, fried food, and low fiber consumption. This study aims to screen the risk factors of colorectal cancer.Subjects and Method: This research was conducted on residents in the Sepanjang village, Malang Regency, involved in community service by the Internist Association of Malang. Community service was carried out in July 2023 and 148 residents were involved in collecting data on risk factors for colorectal carcinoma. Data collection was carried out using a questionnaire with a cross-sectional approach. The questionnaire assesses the presence of symptoms of bloody stools and several habits related to colorectal carcinoma risk factors, including age, gender, exercise routine, and dietary history. Data presentation and analysis were carried out as in the table.Results: Among the risk factors listed assessed using the questionnaire, Men (p=0.021), lack of exercise (p= 0.008), consumption of fried food (p= 0.021), and consumption of instant noodles (p= 0.013) significantly affect the prevalence of hematochezia.Conclusion: Men, lack of exercise, consumption of fried food, and consumption of instant noodles significantly affect the hematochezia indicating CRC.

Utilization of Herbal Medicine for Hemorrhoids

Hemorrhoids is a disease characterized by swollen blood vessels in the rectum or anus. This disease is caused by low consumption of fiber, spicy foods and alcoholic drinks. Symptoms that can be experienced by hemorrhoid sufferers are the appearance of lumps and bleeding when defecating. One treatment for this disease is through the use of herbal medicine, namely purple leaves. The aim of this research is to prove whether people now also use purple leaves as a treatment for hemorrhoids. This type of research is non-experimental using survey methods. The instrument used was a questionnaire. The research results show that the majority of hemorrhoid sufferers (80%) use purple leaves to reduce hemorrhoid symptoms. The price of purple leaf medicine is very competitive with conventional hemorrhoid medicine, so that 52% of hemorrhoid sufferers consume purple leaf regularly (although not when experiencing hemorrhoid symptoms).

Dietary Inflammatory Index of Obese Individuals with Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Descriptive Study.

The objective of the present study was to describe the dietary inflammatory profile and its correlations with sleep parameters of obese individuals with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Forty individuals underwent nocturnal polysomnography, anthropometric measurements, body composition by plethysmography, assessment of food consumption by three-day food records, and blood collection for the lipid, glycemic and hormonal profile. Food consumption data were evaluated semiquantitatively, quantitalively assessment, and calculation of the dietary inflammatory index (DII) was perfomed. The results demonstrated a predominantly proinflammatory dietary profile. The participants showed a low intake of fruit and vegetables. Additionally, a low consumption of fiber, magnesium, vitamin D, and vitamin E was observed, although there was an adequate distribution of macronutrients. In conclusion, although the inflammatory profile did not correlate with OSA, the study showed a directly proportional relationship between adequate dietary patterns and better sleep quality.

Deep Learning for Histopathological Image Analysis: A Convolutional Neural Network Approach to Colon Cancer Classification

Colon cancer is a type of cancer that attacks the last part of the human digestive tract. Factors such as an unhealthy diet, low fiber consumption, and high animal protein and fat intake can increase the risk of developing this disease. Diagnosis of colon cancer requires sophisticated diagnostic procedures such as CT scan, MRI, PET scan, ultrasound, or biopsy, which are often time-consuming and require particular expertise. This study aims to classify colon cancer based on histopathological images using a dataset of 10,000 images. This data is divided into 7,950 images for training, 2,000 for testing, and 50 for validation, aiming to achieve effective generalization. The Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) method was applied in this research with a relatively shallow architecture consisting of 4 convolution layers, 2 fully connected layers, and 1 output layer. Research results were evaluated by looking at the accuracy value of 99.55%, precision value of 99.49%, recall of 99.59%, prediction experiments on several images, and loss and accuracy graphs to detect signs of overfitting. However, this research has limitations in determining hyperparameters and layer depth, which was only tested from 1 to 5 convolution layers. Therefore, there are still opportunities for further development, such as applying unique feature extraction before the classification process

Substitution of chayote, dragon fruit peel, and kepok banana peel on nutrient content and sensory of Vegetable Leather as high fiber snack

Consumption of vegetables and fruit in school-age children, which is still less than the recommended five servings/day in 2018, can increase the risk of nutritional problems in children due to low fiber consumption, leading to obesity. High-fiber snacks made from local food can be a solution. However, the availability is still limited. This research aims to develop snack products from chayote, dragon fruit peel, and Kepok banana peel. This quasi-experimental study was conducted from April 2021 to August 2022 at Saraswanti Indo Genetech Chemistry Laboratorium in Bogor. The sample consists of moderately trained panelists, as many as 30 people. There were four concentration formulations of chayote, dragon fruit peel, and Kepok banana peel. Data were analyzed using One Way Anova and followed by Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The result shows significant differences in color (p= 0,000), taste (p= 0,000), texture (p= 0,000), and overall preference level between formulations (p= 0,002). The selected F2 contains a water content of 18,25%, ash content of 3,12%, protein of 2,82%, fat of 0,28%, carbohydrates of 75,53%, dietary fiber of 10,48 %, and a total plate count of 30 colonies/g. In conclusion, the F2 tends to be more liked by the panelists and can be considered high in fiber.

Eating Patterns, Physical Activities with the Event of Obesity Based on Waist-Hip Circumstances Ratio

Obesity is a chronic health problem caused by various multifactorial factors, such as genetic factors, environmental factors, inappropriate eating behavior and low physical activity. The research aims to analyze the relationship between eating patterns and free time physical activity with the incidence of obesity based on the waist-hip circumference ratio in Jakarta Lantamal III Health Service personnel. The research is a quantitative study with a cross-sectional design. A total of 66 subjects who met the inclusion criteria and agreed to informed consent underwent anthropometric measurements and filled out questionnaires. Dietary pattern data uses the food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) form, leisure time physical activity data is taken using the Godin leisure time exercise questionnaire (GLTEQ). The data were analyzed using the Chi-Square test. 54,5% of research subjects were obese, 63,6% of subjects had a good diet, and 56,1% of subjects rarely consumed food sources of fiber. and subjects with light leisure time physical activity category, namely 42,4%. It was found that 83,8% of research subjects who rarely consumed fiber had obese nutritional status and 96,4% of research subjects who had light free time physical activity had obese nutritional status. The results of bivariate statistical analysis showed that there was a significant relationship between the frequency of consumption of food sources of fiber and activity. physical leisure time with the incidence of obesity (p-value<0,05). So, it can be concluded that low fiber consumption and reduced levels of physical activity can increase the incidence of obesity.

Proporsi tepung ampas kelapa dan tepung ubi jalar ungu terhadap karakteristik fisik, kimia dan organoleptik pie susu

Fiber requirements according to the 2019 RDA are 37 g/day for men and 32 g/day for women aged 19-29 years. Indonesian people consume an average of 10.5 g of dietary fiber per day, in other words, they only meet about a third of their ideal needs. Low consumption of fiber can cause various degenerative diseases. These problems can be overcome by developing high-fiber foods by utilizing coconut dregs flour and purple sweet potato flour as raw materials for making products such as milk pie. This study aims to determine the effect of the proportions of coconut dregs flour and purple sweet potato flour on the physical, chemical, and organoleptic characteristics of milk pie. This research is an experimental study using a completely randomized design [CRD] with 4 treatments and 3 repetitions. The panelists who were involved in the organoleptic test were 30 students of the Undergraduate Nutrition Study Program, STIKes Rapih Yogyakarta. The results showed that the proportions of coconut pulp flour and purple sweet potato flour affected toward[p-value 0.05] moisture content, dietary fiber content, appearance, aroma, taste, and overall preference , but had no effect [p-value 0.05]. The level of crispiness, and texture of the milk pie. The milk pie product in this study can be categorized as a high-fiber product so that it can be used as an alternative product to increase fiber consumption.

Determining the relationship between fiber consumption and physical activity and bowel habits in office workers

It is thought that bowel transit time decreases with reduced fiber consumption and physical activity in office workers who lead a sedentary life. The consumption of plant-based diets is decreasing due to technological advances, which leads to a decrease in dietary fiber consumption. Furthermore, officer workers have low physical activity levels. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine the relationship between fiber intake, physical activity and bowel habits in office workers. A total of 100 office workers with a mean age of 33.25±7.28 were included in this cross-sectional study. A questionnaire consisting of 29 questions was prepared by the researchers. The questions on bowel habits were prepared based on the Rome III criteria and the Bristol scale was used as the diagnostic criteria of intestinal diseases. It was found that 50% of participants with low fiber consumption and 91.7% of those with high fiber consumption defecate once a day (p

Effects of OsomeFood Clean Label plant-based meals on the gut microbiome

BackgroundPlant-based diets offer more beneficial microbes and can modulate gut microbiomes to improve human health. We evaluated the effects of the plant-based OsomeFood Clean Label meal range (‘AWE’ diet), on the human gut microbiome.MethodsOver 21 days, ten healthy participants consumed OsomeFood meals for five consecutive weekday lunches and dinners and resumed their regular diets for other days/meals. On follow-up days, participants completed questionnaires to record satiety, energy and health, and provided stool samples. To document microbiome variations and identify associations, species and functional pathway annotations were analyzed by shotgun sequencing. Shannon diversity and regular diet calorie intake subsets were also assessed.ResultsOverweight participants gained more species and functional pathway diversity than normal BMI participants. Nineteen disease-associated species were suppressed in moderate-responders without gaining diversity, and in strong-responders with diversity gains along with health-associated species. All participants reported improved short-chain fatty acids production, insulin and γ-aminobutyric acid signaling. Moreover, fullness correlated positively with Bacteroides eggerthii; energetic status with B. uniformis, B. longum, Phascolarctobacterium succinatutens, and Eubacterium eligens; healthy status with Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Prevotella CAG 5226, Roseburia hominis, and Roseburia sp. CAG 182; and overall response with E. eligens and Corprococcus eutactus. Fiber consumption was negatively associated with pathogenic species.ConclusionAlthough the AWE diet was consumed for only five days a week, all participants, especially overweight ones, experienced improved fullness, health status, energy and overall responses. The AWE diet benefits all individuals, especially those of higher BMI or low-fiber consumption.

Design of the Building Research in CRC prevention (BRIDGE-CRC) trial: a 6-month, parallel group Mediterranean diet and weight loss randomized controlled lifestyle intervention targeting the bile acid-gut microbiome axis to reduce colorectal cancer risk among African American/Black adults with obesity

BackgroundAmong all racial/ethnic groups, people who identify as African American/Blacks have the second highest colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence in the USA. This disparity may exist because African American/Blacks, compared to other racial/ethnic groups, have a higher prevalence of risk factors for CRC, including obesity, low fiber consumption, and higher intakes of fat and animal protein. One unexplored, underlying mechanism of this relationship is the bile acid-gut microbiome axis. High saturated fat, low fiber diets, and obesity lead to increases in tumor promoting secondary bile acids. Diets high in fiber, such as a Mediterranean diet, and intentional weight loss may reduce CRC risk by modulating the bile acid-gut microbiome axis. The purpose of this study is to test the impact of a Mediterranean diet alone, weight loss alone, or both, compared to typical diet controls on the bile acid-gut microbiome axis and CRC risk factors among African American/Blacks with obesity. Because weight loss or a Mediterranean diet alone can reduce CRC risk, we hypothesize that weight loss plus a Mediterranean diet will reduce CRC risk the most.MethodsThis randomized controlled lifestyle intervention will randomize 192 African American/Blacks with obesity, aged 45–75 years to one of four arms: Mediterranean diet, weight loss, weight loss plus Mediterranean diet, or typical diet controls, for 6 months (48 per arm). Data will be collected at baseline, mid-study, and study end. Primary outcomes include total circulating and fecal bile acids, taurine-conjugated bile acids, and deoxycholic acid. Secondary outcomes include body weight, body composition, dietary change, physical activity, metabolic risk, circulating cytokines, gut microbial community structure and composition, fecal short-chain fatty acids, and expression levels of genes from exfoliated intestinal cells linked to carcinogenesis.DiscussionThis study will be the first randomized controlled trial to examine the effects of a Mediterranean diet, weight loss, or both on bile acid metabolism, the gut microbiome, and intestinal epithelial genes associated with carcinogenesis. This approach to CRC risk reduction may be especially important among African American/Blacks given their higher risk factor profile and increased CRC incidence.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT04753359. Registered on 15 February 2021.

Laser acupuncture improving functional chronic constipation in children: a randomized controlled trial

Functional chronic constipation (FCC) is a disorder caused by low fiber consumption, lack of fluid intake, lack of mobility, or side effects of medications. The objective of this study was to compare the effects of laser acupuncture and the commonly used osmotic laxative, lactulose (as the control), both combined with behavioral therapy and dietary modification, on children with FCC in a randomized controlled trial (RCT). Forty children were randomly chosen, aged 5–15 years with FCC, and randomized into two equal groups (gender ratio (50% male; 50% female), mean ± SD weight (24.2 ± 6.27 kg and 25.7 ± 7.47 kg for groups A and B, respectively)). Study group (group A): used laser acupuncture (650 nm), 30 mW, 0.15 cm2 spot size, 90 s per acupuncture point (ST25, ST36, ST37, BL25, and LI11). Control group (group B): lactulose syrup (1 to 3 mL/kg/day) orally, in divided doses 3 times weekly for 4 weeks, and behavioral training for both groups. Evaluations were conducted before and after the study to assess the efficacy of the therapy. Median value frequency significantly increased in groups A and B post-treatment (4 (6.75–3) and 3 (3.75–2), respectively) compared to pre-treatment (2 (2–1) and 2 (2–0.25), respectively) (p = 0.0001), in favor of group A (p = 0.01). Significant improvement of stool consistency according to Bristol stool scale (BSS) in groups A and B (p = 0.0001), (p = 0.002) respectively in favor of group A (p = 0.03). T-test, Fisher, and Wilcoxon signed rank tests were conducted to compare groups. Non-invasive, painless laser acupuncture therapy can be considered as an alternative therapy for patients with FCC.

Association between Fecal Microbiota, SCFA, Gut Integrity Markers and Depressive Symptoms in Patients Treated in the Past with Bariatric Surgery-The Cross-Sectional Study.

(1) Background: Depressive symptoms often appear after surgical treatment. (2) Methods: We involved 41 adults who underwent bariatric surgery a minimum of 6 months before the study and had the Beck scale ≥12. We analysed patients' mental state, gut barrier markers, faecal short chain fatty acids, and microbiota. (3) Results: Gut microbiota composition differed significantly among patients undergoing two different types of surgery (F = 1.64, p = 0.00002). Additionally, we discovered an association between short chain fatty acids and the Beck scale (F = 1.22, p = 0.058). The rearrangement of bacterial metabolites may be due to the patients' use of increased dietary protein, with insufficient intake of products containing vegetable fiber (Diet Quality Index (DQI-I )adequacy 22.55 (±3.46) points). (4) Conclusions: Bariatric surgery affects the gut microbiota, which may play an important role in the development of depressive and gastrointestinal symptoms in patients after bariatric surgery. Low fiber consumption and increased levels of faecal isobutyric acid may lead to intestinal inflammation. There is a need for further research on this topic including a larger sample size.

Lower Fiber Consumption in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies.

Polycystic ovary syndrome is a common endocrine disorder associated with metabolic abnormalities and gut microbiota dysbiosis. The deficiency of dietary fiber, a crucial nutrient in the daily diet, is also associated with a wide range of metabolic and reproductive abnormalities, as well as an altered gut microbial ecosystem. This study is a meta-analysis to summarize the available evidence on the dietary fiber intake level in PCOS patients. Databases of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched for observational studies, and 13 studies were finally included. The pooled standardized mean difference (SMD) with the 95% confidence interval (CI) of daily dietary fiber intake and total energy intake were calculated using the random-effects model. The pooled result (12 studies) on absolute dietary fiber intake showed that while there was no significant difference in the total energy intake [−0.17 (−0.44, 0.09), p = 0.208], the dietary fiber intake was significantly lower in PCOS women than those of controls [−0.32 (−0.50, −0.14), p < 0.001]. However, significant heterogeneity was detected across the studies (I2 = 65.6%, p = 0.001). Meta-regression suggested that geographic region and dietary assessment method may confer borderline significance of influence on the heterogeneity. The pooled result (two studies) on dietary fiber intake which adjusted for total energy intake, however, showed no significant difference [−2.11 (−4.77, 0.56), p = 0.122]. In subgroup analyses based on absolute dietary fiber intake, a lower dietary fiber intake in PCOS was observed in studies conducted in Asia, adopted food diary or records or food recall as the dietary assessment method, had a case−control study design, or used Rotterdam criteria for PCOS diagnosis. The difference in SMD was still significant in the adult subgroup or in studies matched or unmatched for age.

Organoleptic Test of Boba Flour Substitution of Pumpkin Seeds High in Fiber and Protein

In 2013, the obesity rate in Indonesia for people over the age of 18 was 14.8 percent; by 2018, the obesity rate had risen to 21.8%. The significant number of fat people in Indonesia is caused by high sugar consumption and low fiber consumption regularly. 100 grams of pumpkin seeds contain 6 grams of fiber, 30.23 grams of protein, 7.2 mg/100 zinc, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and phytosterols. The purpose of this study is to identify the panelists' level of preference for four formulations of pumpkin seed flour boba using assessment factors such as taste, color, texture, and aroma. The procedural model was used in this research and development. This development study utilizes an opinion-based process, which is then modified based on research needs. Organoleptic testing on boba products without added milk drinks on untrained panelists revealed a significant difference in color and texture parameters. There was no significant difference in panelist acceptability of aroma and taste characteristics. The findings of the untrained panelist's appraisal of boba added to a milk companion drink were then presented, revealing significant changes in the color and texture parameters. Furthermore, there were no statistically significant changes in the aroma and taste indices.

Role of Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum in Degradation and Consumption of Xylan-Derived Carbohydrates.

Xylans, a family of xylose-based polysaccharides, are dietary fibers resistant to digestion. They therefore reach the large intestine intact; there, they are utilized by members of the gut microbiota. They are initially broken down by primary degraders that utilize extracellular xylanases to cleave xylan into smaller oligomers. The resulting xylooligosaccharides (XOS) can either be further metabolized directly by primary degraders or cross-feed secondary consumers, including Bifidobacterium. While several Bifidobacterium species have metabolic systems for XOS, most grow poorly on longer-chain XOS and xylan substrates. In this study, we isolated strains of Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum and observed that some, including B. pseudocatenulatum ED02, displayed growth on XOS with a high degree of polymerization (DP) and straight-chain xylan, suggesting a primary degrader phenotype that is rare in Bifidobacterium. In silico analyses revealed that only the genomes of these xylan-fermenting (xylan+) strains contained an extracellular GH10 endo-β-1.4 xylanase, a key enzyme for primary degradation of xylan. The presence of an extracellular xylanase was confirmed by the appearance of xylan hydrolysis products in cell-free supernatants. Extracellular xylanolytic activity was only detected in xylan+ strains, as indicated by the production of XOS fragments with a DP of 2 to 6, identified by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Additionally, in vitro fecal fermentations revealed that strains with a xylan+ phenotype can persist with xylan supplementation. These results indicate that xylan+ B. pseudocatenulatum strains may have a competitive advantage in the complex environment of the gastrointestinal tract, due to their ability to act as primary degraders of xylan through extracellular enzymatic degradation. IMPORTANCE The beneficial health effects of dietary fiber are now well established. Moreover, low fiber consumption is associated with increased risks of metabolic and systemic diseases. This so-called "fiber gap" also has a profound impact on the composition of the gut microbiome, leading to a disrupted or dysbiotic microbiota. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms by which keystone bacterial species in the gut utilize xylans and other dietary fibers may provide a basis for developing strategies to restore gut microbiome function. The results described here provide biochemical and genetic evidence for primary xylan utilization by human-derived Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum and show also that cooperative utilization of xylans occurs among other members of this species.

Nutritional recommendations for surfing: a narrative review

In recent years, many areas of health have produced studies that support the evolution of sport, such as sports medicine and nutrition. Nutritional strategies serve as fuel for the practice of sport and to meet the body's demands. This study aimed to evaluate the food intake of surfers through clinical studies and observe if they are following the current nutritional recommendations. This study is an analytical research of the narrative review type. The Google Scholar, Pubmed, and Scielo databases were consulted to carry out this study. The studies analyzed are between 2004 and 2020. The results found in the present review demonstrate that most surfers have an inadequate diet, with low consumption of fiber, fruits, and vegetables. The carbohydrate intake of surfers is below the carbohydrate recommendation for improving physical performance (6-10 g/kg of body weight), a good percentage of body fat, evaluation of inadequate food consumption by frequency of consumption, and daily portions within the recommendation.

Analisis Hubungan Perilaku Merokok dengan Obesitas Sentral Pada Orang Dewasa Sehat di Suradadi Kabupaten Tegal

Central obesity is influenced by many factors such as changes in age, gender, economic status, life habits including lack of physical activity, low fiber consumption, consumption of simple carbohydrates, consumption of fatty foods, and smoking behavior. Smoking behavior is thought to be a significant factor in forming central obesity in adult males. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between smoking behavior and central obesity in healthy adults. This study used an analytic observational design with a cross-sectional research design. The research was conducted in Suradadi Village, Suradadi District, Tegal Regency. Sampling was carried out by stratified sampling in November 2020 – January 2021. The sample size was 90 men aged 25-60 years. Data were collected by measuring the waist circumference of the respondents and recording other personal data such as age, occupation, and smoking status. Data processing is done descriptively and cross-tabulation. Testing the relationship between smoking behavior and obesity was carried out using the chi-square statistical test with the help of the SPSS version 22 application. The majority of respondents in this study had a smoking status of 68.9% and did not have central obesity 64.4%. The results of the test of the relationship between smoking status and central obesity got a p-value of 0.813. There is no significant relationship between smoking status and central obesity.