Low-carbon Energy Production Research Articles

Bi-level electricity and heat sharing strategy for cross-border integrated energy system based on Nash game

As global energy demands continue to rise and the need for sustainable development becomes more urgent, Cross-Border Integrated Energy Systems (CBIES) offer a crucial pathway to improving energy efficiency and security through international collaboration. This paper proposes a bi-level electricity and heat sharing model based on Nash game theory, which optimizes resource allocation and management in cross-border energy systems. The model addresses two sub-problems: maximizing the overall benefits of the alliance and ensuring fair redistribution of those benefits within the alliance. To tackle the complexities of these problems, the Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM) is employed in a distributed manner. Additionally, the ARIMA-GARCH model is introduced to handle the uncertainties related to exchange rate volatility in cross-border energy transactions. Carbon capture and storage (CCS) and power-to-gas (P2G) technologies are also integrated into the cogeneration system to promote low-carbon energy production, aligning with environmental sustainability goals. The results show that the upper-level electricity sharing sub-problem reduced the total operational cost from 1,173,330 CNY to 875,582 CNY after 55 iterations, while the lower-level heat sharing sub-problem further optimized the cost to 687,356 CNY after 14 iterations. Post-cooperation cost comparisons showed that the costs for Country B and Country C were reduced by 207,828 CNY and 390,672 CNY, respectively, demonstrating the model’s effectiveness.

Socio-political dynamics in clean energy transition

A rapid and effective transition to low-carbon energy production is essential to limit climate change impacts. While the scientific community has mostly focused on research and development and techno-economic aspects, quantifying the role of public acceptability and policy in shaping emission trajectories has been much more elusive. This study investigates the coupled dynamics of nonlinear socio-political acceptance and anthropogenic CO2 emissions, with implications for climate policies and clean energy investments. Our findings show that a top-down policy approach alone may not be sufficient for effective emission cuts, highlighting the need for a multi-level strategy that combines top-down and bottom-up approaches. Additionally, opinion polarization can trigger detrimental CO2 emission oscillations when governments decide to take heavy-handed policy interventions in highly polarized socio-political systems. Delayed perception of climate change damage or abrupt reactions to extreme weather events may also significantly affect emission reduction efforts, although in the opposite direction. Integrating these socio-political dynamics into climate models can enhance our understanding of the complex interplay between human and natural systems, enabling the development of more effective and resilient mitigation strategies.

Heterogeneous Capture and Release of Energy Metals Using Carborane-Tethered Electrodes

Li and U are the only trace metals dissolved in seawater that are proposed to be economical to extract. Both are at very low concentrations (Li (0.17 ppm), U (3.3 ppb)); however, their total content are approximately 10,000 and 1,000 times higher than in land-based reserves, respectively, representing huge untapped resources which could be collected in an environmentally friendly manner. With surging demand for Li-ion batteries for energy storage, it is estimated that current production methods will soon not meet market demands. In addition, low-carbon nuclear energy production is also expected to increase dramatically in many major countries.Previous studies have shown that reduction of the substituted closo-carborane polyhedral cluster, 1,2-L2-C2B10H10, to the nido-carborane, [1,2-L2-C2B10H10]2-, resulted in the rupture of the C–C bond, cage opening, and an increased bite angle, Θ (Scheme). This talk will start by describing how we used this redox-controlled chelation for the selective electrochemical capture and release of UO2 2+ from mixed-metal mixtures mimicking spent nuclear fuel in monophasic and biphasic media (Scheme; M = UO2 2+; L = Ph2PO).1-2 We will then discuss our current efforts to target other metals of energy importance, in particular M = Li+, for seawater extraction by incorporating Li-selective donating groups, L (Scheme). This talk will then focus heavily on our current work on anchoring these carboranes onto electrode surfaces using anchoring groups – e.g., allyl, pyrene, or thiols – for heterogeneous capture and release using galvanostatic charge/discharge cycles. Recent, soon-to-be published results demonstrate the successful application of this redox-controlled chelation for heterogeneous, selective capture of UO2 2+ from mixed-metal mixtures. Keener, M.; Hunt, C.; Carroll, T. G.; Kampel, V.; Dobrovetsky, R.; Hayton, T. W.; Ménard, G. Redox-switchable carboranes for uranium capture and release. Nature 2020, 577, 652-655.Keener, M.; Mattejat, M.; Zheng, S.-L.; Wu, G.; Hayton, T. W.; Ménard, G. Selective electrochemical capture and release of uranyl from aqueous alkali, lanthanide, and actinide mixtures using redox-switchable carboranes. Chem. Sci. 2022, 13, 3369-3374. Figure 1

Green Hydrogen Production and Public Health Expenditure in Hydrogen-Exporting Countries

Energy resources play a significant role as a production input in many economic sectors, such as production of goods and transportation. Moreover, increased energy usage may result in increased air pollution, resulting in negative societal health effects. This paper aims to examine how the production of green hydrogen energy, as proxied by low-carbon energy production, and per capita public health spending are related. This study employs various techniques that are specific to panel data, such as panel cointegration tests, second-generation stationarity tests, and panel long-run estimates, The research has been conducted on a sample of 67 hydrogen exporting nations during the period from 2000 to 2021. The study revealed that hydrogen energy production causes a rise in per capita public health spending. Policymakers should encourage the usage and production of hydrogen energy to decrease the negative consequences of using energy that emits CO2. Reduction of carbon dioxide emissions helps nations to increase the proportion of government spending on public health per person. Furthermore, in hydrogen-exporting countries, an increase in the production of hydrogen leads to accumulate more funds from exporting hydrogen that will be used to increase spending on public health.

Analyzing the current state and future development of carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) strategies and technologies in China

Carbon capture, utilization, and storage (hereafter as CCUS) encompass the procedures of capturing carbon dioxide before it is emitted into the atmosphere, transporting it via pipelines or vehicles and finally utilizing it or storing it in a secure manner. CCUS is vital in transitioning the world into more sustainable and low carbon energy production since it serves as a temporary “band-aid” in reducing the impacts of humanity’s high dependence on fossil fuels. The Chinese government has recently committed itself to reach carbon neutrality by 2060 and CCUS technologies will be a critical cornerstone in reaching this substantial goal. Up to 60% of China’s energy supply in 2019 derived from coal, thus an effective CCUS strategy integrated with the 1,110 operational Chinese coal power plants could be decisive in reaching their carbon neutrality goal. This research paper will analyze the most effective best available technologies (BATs) in terms of cost efficiency and practicality, providing a comprehensive report on the optimal steps for China to take in order to reach its carbon neutral goals through CCUS.

Understanding Citizens’ Perceptions and Attitudes toward Energy Restructuring under China’s NDC for Quality of Life: A Case of Linfen City

China updated its NDC in 2020, pledging to achieve carbon peaking before 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality by 2060. To achieve these targets, China must revise its energy mix planning to increase energy security and meet the demand for low-carbon energy production to combat climate change. Linfen is one of the most important economic cities in Shanxi Province, which is one of China's most important coal-producing regions and is plagued by high pollution and high energy consumption. Linfen was chosen as the city of interest for this study due to being a coal hub and one of the most polluted cities in the nation. To ensure effective policy implementation, it is essential to investigate citizens understanding and integrate their perceptions into policy formulation. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the perceptions and attitudes of Linfen citizens regarding China's National Determined Contributions (NDCs) on energy transformation for enhancing quality of life. The questionnaire, containing 27 questions, was distributed online, and received 402 valid responses. The finding revealed that 72.14% of respondents indicated that people were concerned about climate change, and more than 80% agreed with the China NDC's target of increasing the use of renewable energy to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and achieve carbon neutrality. They also revealed that developing renewable energy projects based on China's NDCs could improve their quality of life while also boosting the city's economic and social benefits. Nevertheless, it was observed that 10.34% of the participants showed a limited knowledge of the local environmental regulations and China's NDCs. To achieve the government's goals of carbon neutrality by 2030, it is essential to increase the awareness, engagement, and education of Chinese citizens. This will facilitate successful carbon neutrality efforts and necessitate the implementation of public outreach programs that foster communication among diverse stakeholder groups at the local level.

Overview of multiphysics R&D activities at the CEA/IRESNE institute

The major mission of the IRESNE (Research Institute on Nuclear Systems for low carbon Energy production) institute of the DES (Energy Division) at CEA (French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission) is to study current and future nuclear reactors integrated into low-carbon energy systems. To fulfill this mission, the IRESNE’s main activities rely on the development and use of advanced physical models, multiphysics tools including efficient coupling schemes, and dedicated experimentation. Approaches to nuclear systems using multiphysics simulations are now required, in order to better understand the complex intrinsic features of the coupled phenomena.Hence, IRESNE addresses eight different multiphysics research fields: fuel fabrication, fuel behavior under irradiation, fuel assembly integrity under fluid–structure interaction, contamination of fluid circuits, sodium technology, behavior of reactors, corium and fission products, and radionuclide transfer to environment. A general overview of IRESNE’s current multiphysics activities in these eight fields is provided in this paper. It focuses on experimentation, modeling, simulation and tool qualification, corresponding to the Verification Validation and Uncertainty Quantification process. Moreover, IRESNE’s key challenges to be met in the next 5 to 10 years, to improve and validate multiphysics Modeling and Simulation, are also discussed in this contribution. The ultimate goal is to get closer to the development of a digital reactor, core and fuel, still progressing on applied mathematics, high-performance computing, and understanding and modeling of physical mechanisms.

Investigating the Potential of Nuclear Energy in Achieving a Carbon-Free Energy Future

This scientific paper discusses the importance of reducing greenhouse gas emissions to mitigate the effects of climate change. The proposed strategy is to reach net-zero emissions by transitioning to electric systems powered by low-carbon sources such as wind, solar, hydroelectric power, and nuclear energy. However, the paper also highlights the challenges of this transition, including high costs and lack of infrastructure. The paper emphasizes the need for continued research and investment in renewable energy technology and infrastructure to overcome these challenges and achieve a sustainable energy system. Additionally, the use of nuclear energy raises concerns, such as nuclear waste and proliferation, and should be considered with its benefits and drawbacks. The study assesses the feasibility of nuclear energy development in Latvia, a country in Northern Europe, and finds that Latvia is a suitable location for nuclear power facilities due to potential energy independence, low-carbon energy production, reliability, and economic benefits. The study also discusses methods of calculating electricity generation and consumption, such as measuring MWh produced by power plants, and balancing supply and demand within the country. Furthermore, the study assesses the safety of nuclear reactors, generated waste, and options for nuclear waste recycling. The transition to a carbon-free energy system is ongoing and complex, requiring multiple strategies to accelerate the transition. While the paper proposes that nuclear energy could be a practical means of supporting and backing up electricity generated by renewables, it should be noted that there are still challenges to be addressed. Some of the results presented in the paper are still based on studies, and the post-treatment of waste needs to be further clarified.

The Relationship between Trade Liberalization, Sea Freight, and Carbon-Dioxide Emissions within the Perspective of EKC: The Case of Mexico

The main purpose of this research is to investigate the long-term nexus among trade liberalization, sea transportation, economic growth, energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions by considering the EKC hypothesis for Mexico from 1980 to 2021. In this context, multiple regression, ADF, PP, FMOLS, Bayer-Hanck co-integration tests are employed in order to examine both the effect of independent variables on dependent variables and the long-run relationship. According to results of multiple regression, FMOLS analysis and Bayer-Hanck co-integration test, trade liberalization, sea transportation, economic growth, energy consumption have substantial impact on CO2 emissions and there is a long-run relationship among variables from 1980 to 2021 for Mexico which verifies the EKC hypothesis. All empirical evidence demonstrates that the Mexican government should take radical steps to prevent environmental degradation. The presence of trade liberalization and the positive movement of the ecological footprint reveal the increasing effect of growth on carbon dioxide emissions, especially in a developing country such as Mexico, which aims for more economic growth. All these indicate the necessity of switching to practices aimed at reducing carbon dioxide emissions. In this sense, incentives for renewable energy sources, rate differentiation in motor vehicle tax, and regulations in the tax system for negative externalities are some of the applications that can be done. In addition, public expenditures for green infrastructure such as low-carbon energy production and energy efficiency in public buildings can be increased, investments can be made in R&D studies to support innovation, and activities can be preferred to increase environmental awareness. Besides, there are various sea transport green solutions in order to reduce emissions and pollution in maritime transport. Green energy suggest solutions such as reducing the cruise speed of the ship, reducing the use of fossil fuels, choosing new generation fuel types with cleaner content, increasing energy efficiency, and making a weather-dependent cruise plan.

Energy Security: New Threats and Solutions

The article presents the conceptual features of energy security management under a radically changed context, increasing crisis phenomena, and threats of various natures. The authors substantiate the claim that energy security is a complex category, which expresses the ability of the fuel and energy complex of the region to supply the required amount and range of energy resources to the domestic market at stable and reasonable prices; to promptly mitigate unexpected fluctuations in demand for fuel and energy resources; and to ensure uninterrupted energy supply and energy carrier parameters in real time. Based on an analysis of scientific publications and practical energy security models, the authors developed theoretical provisions, methodological principles, and management tools for energy security that meet modern requirements. In particular, the authors developed the terminological apparatus and identified the types and forms of modern energy threats and risks. The authors analyzed the impact of structural shifts in the electric power industry on the cost of electricity. The authors proposed a set of measures to neutralize negative scenarios in the field of energy security, which had appeared because of geopolitical factors, structural changes in the economy, and high volatility in energy prices. In addition, the authors considered the impact of the transition to low-carbon energy production on energy security, and developed the organizational and technical concept of the energy transition, which aimed to provide energy systems and individual energy facilities with properties of self-protection from emerging threats. The results of the study are of practical interest in the development of regional energy policy, plans, and specific actions that aim to ensure energy security in a turbulent global environment.

The extent of windfarm infrastructures on recognised European blanket bogs

Peatland environments are the Earth’s largest terrestrial carbon store and have the potential to act as carbon sinks. However, the development of windfarms on peatlands is affecting their morphology, hydrology, ground-level climate conditions, carbon functions and vegetation, and long-term consequences still need to be assessed. Blanket bogs are a rare type of ombrotrophic peatland that are typical of oceanic areas with high precipitation and low temperatures. Their distribution has been mapped across Europe, where they are mainly located on hill summits where wind energy potential is higher, making them attractive sites for windfarm developments. The promotion of renewable energy is currently a priority given the environmental and economic drive to increase low-carbon energy production. Establishing windfarms on peatland in pursuit of greener energy, therefore, risks compromising and undermining the green-energy transition. Despite this, the extent of windfarm infrastructures on blanket bogs have not yet been reported at the European scale. This research reports the extent of windfarm infrastructures on recognised blanket bogs, with a geographical focus on Europe, where blanket bogs have been mapped systematically. Under the EU Habitats Directive (92/43/EEC), there are 36 European regions NUTS level 2 with recognised blanket bogs. Of these, 12 have windfarm developments, including 644 wind turbines, 253.4 km of vehicular access tracks and an affected area of 207.6 ha, mainly in Ireland and Scotland where the extent of blanket bogs is also higher. However, despite Spain having under 0.2% of Europe’s recognised blanket bogs area, this was the most affected country. In Scotland, a comparison of the recognised blanket bogs under the Habitats Directive (92/43/EEC) with blanket bogs recorded in national inventories indicates that the extent of windfarm developments was higher, with 1,063 wind turbines and 634.5 km of vehicular access tracks. Our results highlight the extent of windfarm developments on blanket bog habitat, both in areas where peatlands are broadly distributed across the landscape, and also in areas where this recognised habitat is particularly rare. There is a pressing need to assess the long-term impacts of windfarms on peatlands to ensure that efforts to meet energy targets result only in carbon sequestration, and do not jeopardise ecosystem services. Blanket bogs represent a particularly vulnerable habitat, the study of which should be prioritised updating national and international inventories to protect and restore this habitat.

Energy transition under mineral constraints and recycling: A low-carbon supply peak

What are the implications of primary mineral constraints for the energy transition? Low-carbon energy production uses green capital, which requires primary minerals. We build on the seminal framework for the transition from a dirty to a clean energy in Golosov et al. (2014) to incorporate the role played by primary minerals and their potential recycling. We characterize the optimal paths of the energy transition under various mineral constraint scenarios. Mineral constraints limit the development of green energy in the long run: Low-carbon energy production eventually reaches a plateau. We run our simulations using copper as the limiting mineral and we allow for its full recycling. Even in the limiting case of a 100% recycling rate, after five to six decades green energy production is 50% lower than in the scenario with unlimited primary copper, and after 30 decades, GDP is 3–8% lower. In extension scenarios, we confirm that a longer life duration of green capital delays copper extraction and the green energy peak, whereas reduced recycling caps moves the peak in green energy production forward.

Deep neural networks for estimation of temperature values for thermal ageing evaluation of nuclear power plant equipment

The average age of the world's nuclear power plants in operation today is over 30 years, which will force big decisions in the next decade related to the continuity of operation of these plants. If most of these plants are shut down after 40 years, it could place considerable stress on electricity systems, and push the Paris treaty's low-carbon energy production targets by 2050 even further out of reach. When NPPs are reaching the end of its lifetime, a license renewal is required. In the license renewal process it is necessary to present a set of documents, one of which is an environmental qualification program of electrical equipment, which includes a survey of the ageing management of all structures, systems and components, mainly those related to safety equipment. The main ageing affects are changes in physical properties due to the temperature, radiation, humidity, etc. Received by structures, systems and components since their operation starts, but these data may not be available, for various reasons, and the ageing studies will be hampered. In this article is proposed a methodology based on Deep Neural Network in order to simulate virtual temperature sensors, using as parameters measurements of real plant detectors in order to support ageing evaluation. For implementation and testing of the proposed approach, data from Brazilian pressurized water reactor were used. The results of the experiments described here with the proposed methodology show a promising path for solving this problem.

Effective CH4 production and novel CO2 storage through depressurization-assisted replacement in natural gas hydrate-bearing sediment

In this study, the guest exchange behaviors in the hydrate-bearing sediment of a one-dimensional reactor specially designed for depressurization-assisted replacement were experimentally investigated for CH4 production and CO2 storage. The longitudinal distributions of vapor compositions, replacement efficiency, and hydrate weight fractions, as well as the average efficiency for depressurization-assisted replacement, were examined using gas chromatography and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD). The immediate re-formation of gas hydrates after CO2 injection implied a rapid recovery of the geo-mechanical strength of the sediment. The unique changes in the gas compositions in the pore space caused by the re-formation of gas hydrates resulted in a distinctive longitudinal distribution of the replacement efficiency in the hydrate-bearing sediment. PXRD analysis of the hydrate samples revealed that the gas hydrate saturation nearly recovered after depressurization-assisted replacement. Despite CH4 re-enclathration, the replacement efficiency was remarkably enhanced through depressurization-assisted replacement, and a larger amount of CO2 was stored in the hydrate-bearing sediment than the amount of CH4 produced. Furthermore, the production rate of CH4 through depressurization-assisted replacement was significantly higher than that through replacement only, and the guest exchange rate increased with an increase in the initial hydrate dissociation ratio. The experimental results demonstrated that depressurization-assisted replacement could solve the weakening of the geo-mechanical strength of the sediment for depressurization only and the slow production rate for replacement only; thus, it would be useful for low-carbon energy production from natural gas hydrate-bearing sediments.

Trade-offs in German wind energy expansion: building bridges between different interests, values and priorities

BackgroundTo achieve climate targets, a transition to low-carbon energy production is necessary. However, conflicts between different interests, values and priorities, particularly at the community level, can constrain this transition. This paper aims to analyze lines of conflict and opportunities to build bridges between conflicting interests in the expansion of wind energy in Germany at the local level, to achieve successful implementation of wind energy projects.ResultsOur analysis of four cases of local-level wind energy projects in Germany shows that limited local options for action reinforce the need for local actors to maximize the benefits of energy transition projects. In addition to the conflict over scarce space, the lines of conflict at the local level run primarily along the dimensions of costs and benefits, winners and losers. Real or perceived procedural and distributive injustices had the potential to fuel resistance to wind energy projects in the analyzed cases. However, wind energy projects were successfully implemented despite the presence of local opposition.ConclusionsThe results show that, by integrating procedural and distributive justice into the project planning and implementation and offering tailored solutions, community support for expansion of renewable energy projects can be enhanced. The paper advances the concept of societal ownership (“gesellschaftliche Trägerschaft”), which suggests the willingness of members of a community to tolerate decisions even when some conflicts related to the decision remain unresolved. Societal ownership is presented as an alternative to the concept of simple acceptance; it implies a more positive, more supportive community attitude, where members aim to address conflict as a normal aspect of decision making. Rather than sweeping alternative opinions aside, the community addresses alternative viewpoints, seeking to achieve greater procedural and distributive justice. In this way, a sense of societal ownership of a project can develop, enhancing its likelihood of success.

Shared Energy System Construction Scheme of PV Array and Energy Storage Technology

My country's ecological and environmental problems are fundamentally the problems of high-carbon energy structure and high-energy-consuming, high-carbon industrial structure, which must must be solved from the source of energy structure and industrial structure transformation and upgrading. Energy consumption patterns for operation, production and living, build a high-level energy and resource-saving society, further strengthen the intensive and efficient use of fossil energy, improve the electrification level of the whole society, and build a cleaner and more efficient green and low-carbon energy production, supply and consumption system. On this basis, we propose a shared energy system construction plan of photovoltaic array and energy storage technology: taking electricity as the main energy, combining the park's photovoltaic energy storage system with shared energy storage to achieve source-grid-load-storage Coordinated and optimized to meet the user's own electricity demand and the rational use of energy.

China's strategies and initiatives to foster high-quality leaping development of renewable energy

Chinese authorities have pledged to achieve carbon neutrality by 2060 and peak carbon dioxide emissions before 2030. As compared with developed countries, China has a much shorter period to achieve its climate goals. The strategic plan is to construct clean and low-carbon energy production and consumption systems and promote the high-quality development of renewable energy. High-quality development is characterized by its technological, economical, and sustainable features. China's renewable energy is proliferating, and many policies and regulations have been implemented to facilitate this development. China would have installed one billion kilowatts of renewable energy by the end of 2021, generating 2.48 trillion kilowatt-hours (kWh) of electricity, accounting for 29.8% of the country's total electricity consumption. It is a positive start to renewable energy development in The 14 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sup> Five-Year Plan (2021–2025). The progress made in developing wind and photovoltaic solar power is particularly notable. The country has installed over 300 million kilowatts of wind and photovoltaic power, ranking first in the world. There were 652.6 billion kWh of wind-generated electricity and 325.9 billion by photovoltaic.

Local Energy Markets in Action: Smart Integration of National Markets, Distributed Energy Resources and Incentivisation to Promote Citizen Participation

Since the Paris Agreement in 2016, the goals of limiting climate change and moving toward climate resilience stand. With a share of about 80% of global CO2 emissions, the energy sector is an essential driver for these goals. A shift to low-carbon energy production and a decentralized system for more efficient energy transmission distribution is necessary. In this paper, we present our work on Modelling of Power Exchanges, Algorithms for Local Energy Market (LEM), Competitiveness of Combined Heat and Power Plant (CHP) and Energy Feedback Devices. The study was conducted considering technical, economic, social and regulatory framework. For easy integration into energy simulations or a district energy management system (DEMS), a model for power exchanges was created that allows flexible input or deterministic price patterns. The algorithm handles the clearing of an LEM by a district aggregator using limit orders with the goal of increasing the share of locally consumed electricity using economic incentives. An investigation was conducted into the operation of flexible CHPs in low-carbon power systems to balance the volatility of renewable energy. An Energy Signal Light (ESL) was developed as an energy feedback device, which is integrated into the DEMS in a living lab and allows individual configuration. In summary, the results presented should be compared with those of other research approaches in the future and require qualitative and quantitative evaluation.

Embedded Real-Time Speed Forecasting for Electric Vehicles: A Case Study on RSK Urban Roads

During the past ten years, worldwide efforts have been pursuing an ambitious policy of sustainable development, particularly in the energy sector. This ambition was revealed by noticeable progress in the deployment and development of infrastructures for the production of renewable electrical energy. These infrastructures combined with the deployment of wired and wireless communications could support research actions in the field of connected electro-mobility. Also, this progress was manifested by the development of electric vehicles (EV), penetrating our transportation roads more and more. They are considered among the potential solutions, which are envisaged to further reduce road transport’s greenhouse gas emissions, relying on low-carbon energy production. However, the uncertainty caused by both external road disturbances and drivers’ behavior could influence the prediction of upcoming power demands. These latter are mainly affected by the unpredictability of the electric vehicles’ speed on transportation roads. In this work, we introduce an energy management platform, which interfaces with in-vehicle components, using a developed embedded system, and external services, using IoT and big data technologies, for efficient battery power use. The platform was deployed in real-setting scenarios and tested for EV speed prediction. In fact, we have used driving data, which have been collected on Rabat-Salé-Kénitra (RSK) urban roads by our Twizy EV. A multivariate Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) algorithm was developed and deployed for speed forecasting. The effectiveness of LSTM was evaluated against well-known algorithms: Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA), Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Convolutional LSTM (ConvLSTM). Experiments have been conducted using two approaches; the whole trajectory dataset and segmented trajectory datasets to train the models. The experimentation results show that LSTM outperforms the other used algorithms in terms of forecasting the speed, especially when using the trajectory segmentation approach.

Modelling long-term COVID-19 impacts on the U.S. workforce of 2029.

While ensuring employment opportunities is critical for global progress and stability, workers are now subject to several disruptive trends, including automation, rapid changes in technology and skill requirements, and transitions to low-carbon energy production. Yet, these trends seem almost insignificant compared to labor impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. While much has been written about the pandemic’s short-term impacts, this study analyzes anticipated long-term impacts on the labor force of 2029 by comparing original 2029 labor projections to special COVID-adjusted projections recently published by the US Bureau of Labor Statistics. Results show that future demand for nearly every type of labor skill and knowledge will increase, while the nature of work shifts from physical to more cognitive activities. Of the nearly three million jobs projected to disappear by 2029 due to COVID, over 91% are among workers without a bachelor’s degree. Among workers with a degree demand shifts primarily from business-related degrees to computer and STEM degrees. Results further show that the socialness of labor, which is important for both innovation and productivity, increases in many more industries than it decreases. Finally, COVID will likely accelerate the adoption of teleworking and slightly decrease the rate of workforce automation. These impacts, combined with a shift to more cognitive worker activities, will likely impact the nature of workforce health and safety with less focus on physical injuries and more on illnesses related to sedentary lifestyles. Overall, results suggest that future workers will need to engage more often in training and skill acquisition, requiring life-long learning and skill maintenance strategies.