Low Birth Weight Newborn Babies Research Articles

Angka Kejadian Bayi Berat Lahir Rendah Dan Faktor Risiko Yang Berkaitan Di Rskia Sadewa Sleman

ABSTRACT
 Low Birth Weight (LBW) on newborn baby is one of other causes for the infant death number rising in Indonesia. Low Birth Weight on newborn baby may risks them to had a complications for other disease, disabilities, even growth and development disorders. The number of LBW in D.I Yogyakarta reached 10% cases in 2013. The purpose of this research is to known the total case of low birth weight and to known the related risk factors which might had correlations with the low birth weight coincidence in RSKIA Sadewa Sleman in 2016. This research uses quantitative type of research with an analitic observational method and cross-sectional design. The sample for this research are 1200 samples in total of all low birth weight newborn babies and all of normal weight newborn baby in RSKIA Sadewa Sleman in January 2016 until December 2016. The sampling technique that this research uses is a purposive samping technique. This research uses secondary data from the medical records of the samples to get datas needed for this research and to calculate the anaylitical correlations of the research with Chi-square test. The results obtained 319 LBW of 1200 babies born in RSKIA Sleman. There is a risk factor that has a significant relationship (p <0.05) with LBW incidence, there are mother age, gestational age, maternal parity, mother occupation, and antenatal care control visits (ANC). This research also obtained closeness values from factors that had a relationship with the low birth weight newborn babies cases, there are mother age (r = 0,373), gestational age (r = 0,416), maternal parity (r = 0,114), mother occupation (r = 0,112), and antenatal care control visits (ANC) (r = 0,079). Based on the research results, we found that the gestational age is the most related factors within the incidences of low birth weight newborn babies, this factor also had the highest closeness values among other factors with its moderate closeness value(r=0,416). It was concluded that the LBW incidence rate was 319 out of 1200 births at RSKIA Sadewa Sleman DIY. Mother age, gestational age, maternal parity, mother occupation, and antenatal care control visits (ANC) are all have significant relationship to the incidences of low birth weight newborn babies, and also the gestational age factor is the most related factors with the highest closeness value level factor is the gestational age factor
 
 Keywords: low birth weight, mother age, gestational age, maternal parity, mother occupation, antenatal care control visits (ANC).

Identification of an anthropometric surrogate to low birth weight in newborns: a hospital based cross sectional study

Background: Low birth weight babies have less chances of survival during first year of life.Appropriate and timely care of a newborn especially if he is born with low birth weight is important but this is difficult in developing countries. There is a need to develop simple, inexpensive and practical methods to identify low birth weight newborns soon after birth.Methods: A hospital based Cross sectional study was carried out on 965 live born neonates who were born during one year period. All the anthropometric measurements are taken within 24 hours of birth. Pearson’s correlation was done to assess correlation of various anthropometric parameters with birth weight.Results: Out of 965 live born neonates, 510 (52.8%) were male babies and 455 (47.2%) were female babies. 289 (29.9%) babies had birth weight less than 2500 gms. The highest correlation among all measurements was observed between birth weight and mid arm circumference while the least correlation was between birth weight and crown heel length. AUC value for ROC curves is highest for Mid arm circumference (0.917) which shows that it is a better surrogate predictor of low birth weight (<2500 gms) in our study as compared to other anthropometric parameters.Conclusions: Measurement of mid arm circumference is easier, convenient and statistically superior to other anthropometrical parameters in detection of low birth weight newborn babies.

Utility of anthropometric measurements to predict low birth weight newborns

Introduction: Birth weight is an important indicator of survival, future growth and overall development of the child. Timely care of a low birth weight newborn (LBW) is important but it's difficult in developing countries since many are home deliveries with inadequate facilities to weigh the newborn. Hence this study was conducted to find out the relationship between birth weight and different anthropometric measurements from which LBW babies could be identified reliably and managed accordingly. Methods: The study samples of 500 live newborns were selected by random sampling technique born at Mysore Medical College and Research Institute (MMCRI), Mysore between 1st December 2006 to 30th November 2007. The following anthropometric measurements were recorded within 24 hours of birth: Weight, Head circumference (HC), Chest circumference (CC), Mid arm circumference (MAC), Calf circumference (CaC), Crown heel length (CHL), Foot length (FL) and Thigh circumference (TC). Comparison between these measurements was done to find out the most suitable birth weight substitute in identification of LBW babies. Results: For determining LBW <2.5 kg, the critical limits for HC, CC, MAC,TC, CaC, FL, CHL were 33.82cm, 31.5cm, 9.99cm, 15.47cm, 10.25cm, 7.67cm and 48.45cm respectively. For determining a birth weight ≤2kg the critical limits for HC, CC, MAC,TC, CaC, FL, CHL were 31.93cm, 29.75cm, 9.03cm, 13.62cm, 9.5cm, 6.93cm and 44.8cm respectively. MAC of ≤9.99cm and ≤9.03cm for detection of birth weight <2.5kg and <2kg respectively have higher measures of validity. Conclusions: MAC is a simple, quick and reliable indicator for predicting LBW. Hence a simple tricolored tape for early detection of at risk newborn can be introduced in community for their timely management.

English

INTRODUCTION: Birth weight is an indicator of both neonatal morbidity and mortality, maternal health, nutrition and quality of antenatal services. OBJECTIVE: To find out important anthropometric parameter(s) in the newborn as related to birth weight so that newborns with low birth weight can be identified. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A prospective cross sectional, analytical, hospital based study was conducted at Amritsar on 200 term low birth weight newborn babies(<2.5 kg) born during a period of 10 months and their various anthropometric measurements (HC, CC, MAC, TC, CFC) were taken according to standard techniques. RESULTS: The study showed a strong correlation (p <0.001) between mid-arm circumference (r=0.834) and birth weight, followed by head circumference (r=0.816) and birth weight. Other parameters were also strongly correlated (p < 0.001). A value of <9.2 cm and <7.6 cm for mid-arm circumference showed highest validity for picking up newborns weighing <2500 gm and <2000 gm respectively. CONCLUSION: Measurement of arm circumference is easier, convenient and statistically superior to other anthropometrical parameters in detection of low birth weight newborn babies. The researchers recommend designing of a simple 'Tri-colored tape' for early detection of 'At Risk' LBW newborns in rural communities for their timely management.

Prediction of low birth weight from other anthropometric parameters in Nnewi, south eastern Nigeria

Background: Low birth weight is a global problem but presents a major burden on the neonatal services in developing countries such as Nigeria, and brings to bear a greater strain on the meagre resources available for health care delivery and family financing. In a resourceconstrained setting as ours, proper weighing of all newborn infants and medical surveillance of low birth weight infants, although highly desirable, are often not achieved due to unavailability of suitable, functional weighing scales. There are serial cut-off points for the various anthropometric indices for the normal birth weight babies below which any baby is termed low birth weight. This study assessed the predictive values of anthropometric measurements in the detection of low birth weight newborn babies and also determined the local specific cut-off points for these measurements in Nnewi, Southeast Nigeria.Methods: This was a crosssectional study in which length, occipitofrontal circumference, mid-arm circumference and maximum thigh circumference of 428 singleton babies were ascertained within 24 hours of delivery. Data were analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software. Correlation and linear regression analyses were done to examine the linear relationship between the predictors and birth weight. The sensitivity, specificity and predictive values were calculated at serial cut–off points and the points of best discrimination determined.Results: The low birth weight prevalence was 15.2%. Maximum thigh circumference attained the highest correlation with birth weight (r = 0.904), greatest coefficient of determination (r2=0.817), and least measure of dispersion around the actual birth weight. Thus maximum thigh circumference, which has a cut-off point of 16.75cm, was the best predictor of low birth weight, with 98.5% sensitivity, 92.3% specificity and diagnostic accuracy of 93.2% (P&lt;0.001).Conclusion: Routine measurements of maximum thigh circumference in resource-poor countries is an effective proxy for weight at birth in prenatal assessments and epidemiologic surveys.Key words: anthropometric parameters,low birth weight, newborn, Nigeria

Study of Blood Glucose and Serum Calcium Level in Small For Gestational Age Babies

Background: Incidence of hypoglycemia in small for gestational age (SGA) babies is high. Therefore small for gestational age babies need close biochemical monitoring of blood glucose for early diagnosis and immediate management of hypoglycemia to prevent future neurodevelopmental outcome. Objectives: The study was designed to measure blood glucose and serum calcium level in new born babies with SGA and to compare with normal new born babies. Methodology: This case control study was done in Neonatology Department of BSM Medical University, Dhaka from 01 July to 31 December 2006. Low birth weight newborn babies with birth weight below 10th centile for gestational age were considered as SGA babies whereas babies with gestational age more than 37 completed weeks and weight more than 2500 gm were considered as control group. Results: Thirty two cases and equal number of controls were studied. Among 32 babies with SGA, hypoglycemia was found in 46.9% of cases and 3.1% cases in control group which was statistically significant (P&lt;.05). Incidence of hypoglycemia was more during 0-12 hours (57.9%). Hypocalcaemia developed in 9.4% and 6.3% of SGA and control group respectively and difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Hypoglycemia was significantly more in small for gestational babies specially during 0-12 hrs of post natal life DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jssmc.v4i2.14412 J Shaheed Suhrawardy Med Coll, 2012;4(2):50-52

Association between the rate of low-birth weight newborns and the incidence of end-stage renal disease in 47 prefectures in Japan

An ecological study is a useful epidemiologic tool for public health surveillance and establishment of a new hypothesis. Here, we used an ecological study to analyze the association between birth weight and end-stage renal disease (ESRD). We performed ecological regression analysis by using data obtained from the national database of Japan. The data include regional incidence of ESRD beginning maintenance dialysis therapy, regional rate of low-birth weight (LBW) newborn babies of all newborn babies, the average birth weight of newborns, the body mass index (BMI) score, the prevalence of diabetes mellitus, and the amount of payment for drugs, in the 47 prefectures of Japan. The mean regional rates of LBW newborn babies from 1999 to 2008 statistically correlated with the mean incidences of ESRD during the same time periods in each prefecture. The correlation coefficients between the yearly rate of LBW newborns and the yearly incidence of ESRD in each prefecture became higher after statistically considering the effects of the cost per resident for prescriptions of angiotensin II receptor blocker and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor. Furthermore, the final model predicting the regional incidence of ESRD by a stepwise multiple regression analysis consisted of the average BMI score and the rate of LBW newborns in each prefecture. Although this study cannot explain the reason for this unexpected correlation between the regional rate of LBW babies and the regional incidence of ESRD at the same time points, the statistically significant correlations shown in this study should be taken into consideration.

Study of pattern of blood sugar levels in low birth weight babies who are exclusively on breast milk

Background: Breast feeding of every newborn baby is being widely advocated in view of its undoubted and multiple benefits to both newborn baby and mother. But low birth weight (LBW) babies with several handicaps may not maintain blood sugar level. Adequacy of breast milk in maintaining euglycemia in LBW newborn babies is being studied. Aims: To study the pattern of blood sugar levels in LBW babies who feed exclusively on breast milk. Settings and Design: This is a prospective study conducted in postnatal ward and neonatal intensive care unit of a tertiary care centre. One hundred consecutive neonates with a birth weight less than 2500g when born, being fed exclusively with breast milk were studied. Materials and Methods: Estimation of blood sugar levels in LBW neonates with birth weight less than 2500g who were given direct breast feeding or expressed breast milk exclusively. Results: The present study revealed that 95% of LBW neonates maintained adequate blood sugar levels during the first 72 hours of life with breast milk irrespective of gestational age and birth weight studied. Single episode of hypoglycemia occurred in 5% of these LBW babies. Conclusions: There is a very low incidence of hypoglycemia in LBW newborn babies (including intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) and preterm babies) on exclusive breast feeds. Breast milk is optimal feed in these LBW babies.