Low Birth Weight In Women Research Articles

Effect of male HBV infection on the outcomes of IVF/ICSI cycles: a retrospective cohort study based on propensity score matching.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of male hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection on male fertility, embryonic development, and in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF/ICSI) outcomes. We performed a retrospective cohort study that included 3965 infertile couples who received fresh embryo transfer cycles for the first time at the Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital (Fuzhou, China) from January 2018 to January 2021. Infertile couples were categorized based on their HBV infection status into the HBV group (HBV-positive men and HBV-negative women) and the control group (HBV-negative couples). A 1:1 propensity score matching was performed with relatively balanced covariates. Baseline characteristics, semen parameters, laboratory outcomes, clinical outcomes, and obstetric and neonatal outcomes were compared between groups. After propensity score matching, 821 couples were included in each group. Both groups had similar semen parameters and obstetric and neonatal outcomes. The HBV group showed a significantly lower live birth rate than the control group ( P < 0.05). The HBV group had a significantly higher abortion rate than the control group ( P < 0.05). The rates of high-quality embryos and blastocyst formation were significantly lower in the HBV group than those in the control group (both P < 0.05). In conclusion, in couples who undergo IVF/ICSI, male HBV infection reduces the live birth rate and increases the risk of miscarriage. However, the incidence of low birth weight in women with IVF/ICSI does not increase with male HBV infection.

“A CO-RELATION OF FIRST TRIMESTER LEVELS OF PAPP-A (PREGNANCY ASSOCIATED PLASMA PROTEIN A) AND PIGF (PLACENTA INDUCED GROWTH FACTOR) WITH CO RELATION OF PREECLAMPSIA AND FETOMATERNAL OUTCOME.”

Introduction: Preeclampsia is one of the major cause of maternal and fetal mortality. Pathogenesis of development of preeclampsia is still not clear but one of the cause is considered to be abnormal placentation. Various markers haven been found to be involved in process of placentation among which PAPP-A and PIGF have been found to be actively involved. PAPP-A and PIGF levels have not been studied in the Indian population in terms of preeclampsia prediction at 10-14 weeks of gestation, and we intend to study their levels for early preeclampsia prediction. Methodology: This observational study was carried out in obstetrics and gynecology OPD , Sir T Hospital , Bhavnagar from June-2021 to August 2022. Total of 100 antenatal patients attending OPD who were in rst trimester taken after considering inclusion and exclusion criteria. Investigations for PAPP-A and PIGF were taken and patient followed up for development of preeclampsia till delivery. Incidence of preeclampsia was found to be 22%. Majority of patients Results: were found in age group of 26-30 years. More number of patients were multigravida who developed preeclampsia. PAPP-A during rst trimester were found as 1.06 ± 0.20 MoM in overall patients, while PIGF found as 0.97 ± 0.18 MoM. Moreover, mean PAPP-A and PIGF of control and case group were found as (1.11 ± 0.22 MoM vs 0.91 ± 0.21 MoM; p&lt;0.0001) and (0.99 ± 0.17 MoM vs 0.88 ± 0.20 MoM; p&lt;0.0001) respectively. 90% of babies delivered full term. In women with preeclampsia 10% patients had preterm delivery. 50% babies were low birth weight in women who developed preeclampsia. Keepi Conclusion: ng the complications associated with preeclampsia, measurement of PAPP-A and PIGF levels in rst trimester can be used as marker for prediction of preeclampsia in later months of pregnancy. Levels if found lower can help in taking regular follow up of patients and early diagnosis and management can be done. This can help us prevent maternal as well as fetal morbidity and mortality.

Elevated serum uric acid level is associated with adverse reproductive outcomes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome undergoing in vitro fertilization or intracytoplasmic sperm injection embryo transfer cycles: a retrospective cohort study

Serum uric acid levels are elevated in polycystic ovary syndrome, however, the relationship between serum uric acid level and reproductive outcomes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the association between serum uric acid level and the reproductive outcomes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome undergoing invitro fertilization or intracytoplasmic sperm injection embryo transfer cycles. This was a retrospective cohort study performed at a university-affiliated reproductive medicine center. A total of 1903 women with polycystic ovary syndrome undergoing their first invitro fertilization or intracytoplasmic sperm injection embryo transfer cycles between January 2010 and January 2021 were initially included. The trends for reproductive outcomes in polycystic ovary syndrome across quartiles of serum uric acid levels were assessed. A logistic regression analysis was performed to obtain the odds ratios for invitro fertilization outcomes based on the quartiles of serum uric acid with or without adjusting for potential confounding variables. Using generalized additive models, serum uric acid was further treated as its original continuous property to visualize its nonlinear relationship with invitro fertilization outcomes. The live birth rate was the main outcome. After exclusions, a total of 883 women with polycystic ovary syndrome with their first fresh-embryo transfer cycles were included. In quartiles of serum uric acid levels, there was a significant decreasing trend in the live birth rate from the lowest quartile (Q1: 61.8%) to the highest (Q4:45.9%) (Ptrend=.002). The percentage of low birthweight increased from Q1 (22.3%) to Q4 (31.7%) (Ptrend=.049). Compared with those in Q1, women in Q4 showed a significant lower probability of live birth and clinical pregnancy and a higher risk for low birthweight (all P<.05). Both the unadjusted and adjusted generalized additive models indicated that as the serum uric acid level increased, the probability of clinical pregnancy and the live birth rate exhibited an overall decreasing profile, and the risk for low birthweight showed an increasing profile. An elevated serum uric acid level is associated with decreased probabilities of live birth and clinical pregnancy and an increased risk for low birthweight in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. However, these associations may be confounded by other factors and more well-designed studies are needed to confirm these findings in the future.

Resistance Exercise Reduces the Necessity for Hypoglycemic Agent (Humulin) in Overweight Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Background: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is currently treated with blood sugar monitoring, nutritional supplements, increased fatal police work, and hypoglycemic agent medical help PRN to achieve and maintain normoglycemia. Even though humulin therapy has been demonstrated to reduce low birth weight in women with GDM, using hypoglycemic drugs is likely challenging and may not address peripheral hypoglycemic agent resistance, which is a critical role in the development of GDM. Furthermore, the use of aggressive low blood sugar medication therapy may result in a twofold rise in the amount of small-for-gestational-age infants. The resistance exercise was used in overweight women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Because resistance exercise increase the lean body muscle or decrease the body fat and Resistance exercise is an effective glycaemic management and cardio metabolic health strategy.&#x0D; Methods: Fifteen patients with physiological condition DM were arbitrarily assigned whether it's to a group that received strength training or to a group that did not receive strength training to scale back the necessity for the hypoglycaemic agent.&#x0D; Results: Despite therapy, the number of girls who required hypoglycemic agent medical care has been the same. However, a meta-analysis with only overweight girls (pre-pregnancy BMI) revealed that the exercise cluster used to have a lower rate of hypoglycemic medication use (P&lt;05) than that of the non-exercise receiving patients.&#x0D; Conclusion: Resistance exercise coaching might facilitate to avoid hypoglycaemic agent medical aid for pregnant overweight girls with physiological state diabetes

Risk factors for adverse outcomes in women with high-risk pregnancy and their neonates, Haiti.

ABSTRACTObjectives.To determine the prevalence of maternal death, stillbirth and low birthweight in women with (pre-)eclampsia and complicated pregnancies or deliveries in Centre de Références des Urgences Obstétricales, an obstetric emergency hospital in Port-au-Prince, Haiti, and to identify the main risk factors for these adverse pregnancy outcomes.Methods.We conducted a retrospective cohort study of pregnant women admitted to Centre de Référence des Urgences Obstétricales between 2013 and 2018 using hospital records. Risk factors investigated were age group, type of pregnancy (singleton, multiple), type of delivery and use of antenatal care services.Results.A total of 31 509 women and 24 983 deliveries were included in the analysis. Among these, 204 (0.6%) maternal deaths (648 per 100 000 women giving birth), 1962 (7.9%) stillbirths and 11 008 (44.1%) low birthweight neonates were identified. Of all admissions, 10 991 (34.9%) were women with (pre-)eclampsia. Caesarean section significantly increased the risk of maternal death in the women with a complicated pregnancy and women with (pre-)eclampsia, but reduced the risk of stillbirth in such women. Not attending antenatal care was associated with a significantly higher risk of stillbirth (odds ratio (OR) 4.82; 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.55–6.55) and low birthweight (OR 1.40; 95% CI 1.05–1.86) for women with complicated pregnancies.Conclusion.To prevent and treat pregnancy complications as early as possible, antenatal care attendance is crucial. Improving the quality of and access to antenatal care services and providing it free to all pregnant women in Haiti is recommended.

Low Birthweight in Women with Vitamin D Deficiency

Objective: to record the rate of low birth weight in pregnant women with vitamin D deficiency Methodology: We enrolled 120 pregnant women having &lt;30ng/mL serum level of 25(OH)D during first trimester of pregnancy. These cases were enrolled from Deptt. of Obstet &amp; Gynaecol, Nishter Hospital, Multan. The age range was reproductive age group with any parity and 37-40weeks of gestation. The levels of 25(OH)D were evaluated through hospital laboratory whereas these cases were followed till delivery with routine treatment of Vitamin D deficiency. Birth weight of the neonate i.e. weight&lt;2.5kg was considered as low birth weight neonates Results: Frequency of vitamin D deficiency in low birth weight neonates was 40.83%(n=49) Conclusion: We concluded that the frequency of low birth weight is higher among pregnant women with vitamin D deficiency. Keywords: Pregnant women, vitamin D deficiency, low birth weight

Bacterial vaginosis in pregnancy – a storm in the cup of tea

Human vaginal microbiota is dominated by Lactobacillus spp both in the non-pregnant and pregnant state. Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is an imbalance of vaginal microbiota caused by a reduction in the normal lactobacillary bacteria, and a heavy over-growth of mixed anaerobic bacteria. Various clinical (Amsel’s Criteria), laboratory (Nugent’s score) and molecular diagnostic method (quantitative PCR) are used for diagnosis. BV in pregnancy is associated with increased risk of preterm birth, low birth weight, chorioamnionitis and postpartum endometritis, apart from bothersome vaginal discharge. Antibiotic treatment with metronidazole or clindamycin are effective in eradicating bacterial vaginosis and safe to use in pregnancy. Treatment of bacterial vaginosis has not been shown to improve obstetric outcomes in women at low risk of preterm birth, but may reduce the risk of preterm birth and low birth weight in women at increased risk of preterm birth. Routine screening and treatment is not recommended in low risk women. Test for cure should be performed after treatment. Further research is required on other treatment modalities such as probiotic therapy and microbiota transplantation.

Variations by Education Status in Relationships Between Alcohol/Pregnancy Policies and Birth Outcomes and Prenatal Care Utilization: A Legal Epidemiology Study.

Previous research finds that some state policies regarding alcohol use during pregnancy (alcohol/pregnancy policies) increase low birth weight (LBW) and preterm birth (PTB), decrease prenatal care utilization, and have inconclusive relationships with alcohol use during pregnancy. This research examines whether effects of 8 alcohol/pregnancy policies vary by education status, hypothesizing that health benefits of policies will be concentrated among women with more education and health harms will be concentrated among women with less education. This study uses 1972-2015 Vital Statistics data, 1985-2016 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data, policy data from National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism's Alcohol Policy Information System and original legal research, and state-level control variables. Analyses include multivariable logistic regressions with education-policy interaction terms as main predictors. The impact of alcohol/pregnancy policies varied by education status for PTB and LBW for all policies, for prenatal care use for some policies, and generally did not vary for alcohol use for any policy. Hypotheses were not supported. Five policies had adverse effects on PTB and LBW for high school graduates. Six policies had adverse effects on PTB and LBW for women with more than high school education. In contrast, 2 policies had beneficial effects on PTB and/or LBW for women with less than high school education. For prenatal care, patterns were generally similar, with adverse effects concentrated among women with more education and beneficial effects among women with less education. Although associations between policies and alcohol use during pregnancy varied by education, there was no clear pattern. Effects of alcohol/pregnancy policies on birth outcomes and prenatal care use vary by education status, with women with more education typically experiencing health harms and women with less education either not experiencing the harms or experiencing health benefits. New policy approaches that reduce harms related to alcohol use during pregnancy are needed. Public health professionals should take the lead on identifying and developing policy approaches that reduce harms related to alcohol use during pregnancy.

The effect of nitrogen dioxide on low birth weight in women with inflammatory bowel disease: a Norwegian pregnancy cohort study (MoBa)

Background: Adverse birth outcomes are more frequent among mothers with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) than non-IBD mothers. In recent studies, air pollution, such as high concentrations of nitrogen dioxide (NO2), is reckoned as a risk factor for preterm birth in the general population. In this study, we investigated whether IBD mothers are at higher risk of preterm birth when exposed to NO2 compared to non-IBD mothers.Methods: We used information from the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa). The pregnancy cohort was linked to the Norwegian Medical Birth Registry and air-pollution exposure data available from a subset of the study cohort. The relevant outcome in this study was preterm birth. A total of 16,170 non-IBD and 92 IBD mothers were included in the study.Results: The mean exposure of NO2 during the pregnancy was similar for IBD and non-IBD mothers, 13.7 (6.9) μg/m3 and 13.6 (4.2) μg/m3, respectively.IBD mothers with higher exposure of NO2 in the second and third trimester were at significant risk of preterm birth compared to non-IBD mothers [OR = 1.28 (CI 95%: 1.04–1.59) and OR = 1.23 (95% CI: 1.06–1.43), respectively]. The mean NO2 exposure was significantly higher in IBD mothers with preterm birth than in IBD mothers who delivered at term, at 19.58 (1.57) μg/m3 and 12.89 (6.37) μg/m3, respectively.Conclusions: NO2 exposure influenced the risk of preterm birth in IBD mothers. Higher risk of preterm birth in IBD was associated with higher exposure of NO2, suggesting vulnerability of preterm birth in IBD when exposed to NO2.

Retrospective cohort study of the association between maternal employment precarity and infant low birth weight in women in the USA

ObjectivesTo investigate the association between maternal employment precarity and infant low birth weight (LBW), and to assess if this association differs by race/ethnicity.MethodsData were collected from 2871 women enrolled in...

Impact of Submicroscopic Plasmodium falciparum Parasitaemia on Maternal Anaemia and Low Birth Weight in Blue Nile State, Sudan.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of submicroscopic infections and to assess its impact on maternal anaemia and low birth weight. A cross-sectional study was carried out with 1149 consented pregnant women who delivered at 3 main hospitals in the Blue Nile State, between January 2012 and December 2015. From a matched maternal peripheral, placental maternal side, and cord blood sample, blood films and dried spots were prepared for microscopic examination and nested polymerase chain reaction (n-PCR), respectively. 107 out of 447 negative blood films were found to have submicroscopic infection detected using n-PCR in any of the three compartments. Placental samples had a significantly higher prevalence (142) of submicroscopic infections compared with the peripheral (6.5%) and cord (8.1%) samples. The mean (SD) of the maternal haemoglobin (Hb) was significantly lower in cases with submicroscopic parasitaemia (10.9 (0.8) vs. 12.1 (0.7) g/dl, P < 0.001) compared with those who had no submicroscopic parasitaemia. Submicroscopic malaria infection was associated with anaemia (OR 19.7, (95% CI, 10.3–37.8)). Thirty-eight babies born to women with submicroscopic infections were low birth weight (LBW) and was significantly lower in submicroscopic parasitaemia (2.663 (0.235) vs. 2.926 (0.341) kg, P < 0.001). Submicroscopic malaria infection was associated with LBW (OR = 2.7, (95% CI, 1.2–5.6)). There is a high incidence of submicroscopic infections in any of the three compartments regardless of age or parity. Submicroscopic infection is a risk of maternal anaemia and low birth weight in women in this area of high seasonal malaria transmission.

Domestic violence and perinatal outcomes \u2013 a prospective cohort study from Nepal

BackgroundDomestic violence is one of the most common forms of violence against women. Domestic violence during pregnancy is associated with adverse perinatal and maternal outcomes. We aimed to assess whether domestic violence was associated with mode of delivery, low birthweight and preterm birth in two sites in Nepal.MethodsIn this prospective cohort study we consecutively recruited 2004 pregnant women during antenatal care at two hospitals between June 2015 and September 2016. The Abuse Assessment Screen (modified) was used to assess fear and violence. Having ever experienced either fear or violence was defined as any domestic violence. Obstetric outcomes were obtained from hospital records for 1381 (69%) women, selecting singleton pregnancies only. Mode of delivery was assessed as birth by cesarean section or not. A birthweight of less than 2500 g was defined as low birthweight and preterm birth as birth before completion of 37 weeks gestation. Descriptive and multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to assess associations.ResultsTwenty percent of the women reported any domestic violence. Among all 1381 women, 37.6% gave birth by cesarean section. Of those women who delivered by cesarean section, 84.7% had an emergency cesarean section. Less than 10% of the babies were born prematurely and 13.5% were born with low birthweight. We found no significant association between exposure to any domestic violence during pregnancy and risk of a low birthweight baby or birth by cesarean section. However, having experienced both violence and fear was significantly associated with giving birth to a preterm infant [aOR 2.33 (95% CI;1.10–4.73)].ConclusionsDomestic violence is common in Nepal. This is a potential risk factor for severe morbidity and mortality in newborns. We found that the risk of having a preterm baby was higher for pregnant women who experienced both fear and violence. This should be recognized by the health sector. In this study, no significant differences were found in the rate of cesarean section nor low birthweight for women who had experienced any domestic violence compared to those who did not.

Association of hypoglycaemia in screening oral glucose tolerance test in pregnancy with low birth weight fetus.

BACKGROUNDGestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common metabolic derangement in pregnant women. In the women identified to be at high risk of GDM, a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at 24-28 wk gestation is the recommended screening test in the United Kingdom as per National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Hypoglycaemia following the glucose load is often encountered and the implication of this finding for the pregnancy, fetus and clinical care is unclear.AIMTo determine the prevalence of hypoglycaemia at any time during the screening OGTT and explore its association with birth weight.METHODSAll deliveries between 2009 and 2013 at the local maternity unit of the University hospital were reviewed. Of the total number of 24,154 women without pre-existing diabetes, those who had an OGTT for GDM screening based on NICE recommended risk stratification, who had a singleton delivery and had complete clinical and demographic data for analysis, were included for this study (n = 3537). Blood samples for fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2-hour plasma glucose (2-h PG) and HbA1c had been obtained. Birth weight was categorised as low (≤ 2500 g), normal or Macrosomia (≥ 4500 g) and blood glucose ≤ 3.5 mmol/L was used to define hypoglycaemia. Binary logistic regression was used to determine the association of various independent factors with dichotomized variables; the differences between frequencies/proportions by χ2 test and comparison between group means was by one-way ANOVA.RESULTSAmongst the study cohort (3537 deliveries), 96 (2.7%) women had babies with LBW (< 2500 g). Women who delivered a LBW baby had significantly lower FPG (4.3 ± 0.6 mmol/L, P = 0.001). The proportion of women who had a 2-h PG ≤ 3.5 mmol/L in the LBW cohort was significantly higher compared to the cohorts with normal and macrosomic babies (8.3% vs 2.8% vs 4.2%; P = 0.007). The factors which predicted LBW were FPG, Asian ethnicity and 2-h PG ≤ 3.5 mmol/L, whereas maternal age, 2-h PG ≥ 7.8 mmol/L and HbA1c were not significant predictors.CONCLUSIONA low FPG and 2-h PG ≤ 3.5 mmol/L on 75-gram OGTT are significantly associated with low birth weight in women identified as high risk for GDM. Women of ethnic backgrounds (Asians) appear to be more susceptible to this increased risk and may serve as a separate cohort in whom we should offer more intensive follow up and screening for complications. Cost implications and resources for follow up would need to be looked at in further detail to support these findings.

Predictive value of serum uric acid levels for adverse perinatal outcomes in preeclampsia.

Preeclampsia is a multisystem disorder associated with pregnancy and is a common cause of perinatal morbidity. The aim of this study was to determine whether elevated serum uric acid levels, alone or in combination with other laboratory factors could predict preeclampsia in women with adverse perinatal outcomes.We conducted a prospective observational study of women who were admitted to Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital from January 2016 to December 2016. Demographic, clinical and laboratory data were collected for each pregnancy at the time of delivery. Women were grouped according to status (preeclampsia or normotensive), and a logistic regression analysis was used to determine the relationship between serum uric acid levels and adverse outcomes.The mean age of the study participants was 31.3 ± 5.0 years. In patients with preeclampsia, serum uric acid level was associated with the severity of preeclampsia, including blood pressure (R = 0.321, P = .014), serum creatinine levels (R = 0.505, P < .001), and proteinuria (P = .014), as well as adverse fetal outcomes, including preterm labor (P = .027) and low birth weight delivery (P = .001). The optimal maternal serum uric acid threshold that predicted low birth weight at delivery was 6.35 mg/dL (sensitivity, 0.58; specificity, 0.95). The multivariable logistic regression model that was used to predict low birth weight at delivery displayed an area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve of 0.902 (95% confidence interval, 0.817–0.986).In women with preeclampsia, maternal serum uric acid level is an important parameter for predicting low birth weight. Additionally, the combination of uric acid, hemoglobin, and bilirubin levels appear to be optimal for predicting low birth weight in women with preeclampsia.

Activation of G Protein‐Coupled Estrogen Receptor 1, with a GPER Agonist, Reduces Blood Pressure in Female Growth‐Restricted Rats in Later Life

The prevalence of hypertension (HTN) is two‐fold higher in low birth weight (LBW) women at age 60 relative to their normal birth weight (NBW) counterparts. Yet, the mechanisms that contribute to greater cardiovascular risk in LBW women are not known. In our model of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), induced by placental insufficiency in the pregnant rat, female IUGR offspring have an elevated blood pressure (BP) at 12 months of age that is associated with early reproductive senescence. Although estrogen levels do not differ between control and IUGR groups, there is a significant increase in testosterone levels in female IUGR that is not seen in female control. Elevated testosterone levels, due to an imbalance in the hormonal milieu, is suggested to contribute to the development of hypertension in women in later life. We previously reported that chronic administration of estradiol is able to abolish the increase in blood pressure in the female IUGR rat at 12 months of age. However, this was not accomplished through alterations in expression of the nuclear estrogen receptor alpha (ER‐alpha). In the current study, we tested the hypothesis that activation of G protein‐coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER) would reduce blood pressure in the female IUGR rat. The selective GPER agonist, G1 (400 g/kg/day), or vehicle was administered via osmotic pumps for 2 weeks beginning at 14 months of age. BP was measured in conscious, chronically catheterized rats following treatment (2way ANOVA; Tukey's multiple comparison). As shown previously, BP was significantly elevated in vehicle‐treated IUGR relative to vehicle‐treated control (138.3± 4.01 vs. 124.3 ± 0.70mmHG, respectively). BP was significantly decreased in G1‐treated IUGR relative to vehicle‐treated IUGR (125.14±4.03 vs. 138.3 ± 4.01mmHG, respectively), whereas BP was not significantly altered in G1‐treated control relative to vehicle‐treated control (124.5 ± 0.66 vs. 124.3 ± 0.70mmHG, respectively). Uterine weight did not differ between groups. Therefore, this data suggests that activation of GPER was able to abolish the increase in blood pressure in the female IUGR rat in later life. This study suggests that GPER may serve as a therapeutic target for ameliorating increases in blood pressure seen in LBW women in later life.Support or Funding InformationNIH: R56HL143459, P20GM121334, P20GM104357, P01‐HL51971, T32HL105324, F30DK112718. AHA: GRNT19900004, PRE34060010.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.

Influence of dental diseases of pregnant women on newborns’ health state

Aim. To study the connection between various dental diseases of inflammatory nature in pregnant women and body weight of newborns depending on the presence or absence of systemic inflammatory reaction in the mother's organism and severity of the main symptoms of periodontal lesions.&#x0D; Methods. We examined 207 pregnant patients with tooth caries, 72 patients with gingivitis and 93 women with chronic generalized periodontitis, 31 healthy pregnant women with no dental and somatic pathology and no complications of gestational period. The dental status of the patients was studied in the third trimester of pregnancy (36-40 weeks of gestation). Body weight was measured in newborn babies from pregnant women with dental pathology and without it. In peripheral, umbilical and retroplacental blood, the concentration of the inflammatory mediator interleukin-6 was evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and C-reactive protein was evaluated by latex immune turbidimetry.&#x0D; Results. The decrease in weight of newborns from mothers suffering from chronic generalized periodontitis, is caused not only by severity of periodontal destruction but also by the course of the disease in pregnancy, damaged integrity and permeability of histochematic barrier, increased concentration of inflammatory mediators in the peripheral, umbilical and retroplacental blood. The risk of having a baby with low birth weight in women suffering from chronic generalized periodontitis with the depth of periodontal pockets is 6 mm, gingival bleeding during probing and increased concentration of systemic inflammatory mediators in peripheral circulation is extremely high and is 0.96.&#x0D; Conclusion. In mothers suffering from severe gingivitis, moderate chronic generalized periodontitis during pregnancy in case of progressive course of chronic generalized periodontitis, the body weight of newborns is lower compared to body weight of newborns from healthy women without dental pathology.

The Risk of Preterm Births Among Pregnant Women With Adenomyosis.

Few studies have examined the effect of adenomyosis on pregnancy outcomes. We aimed to evaluate the risk of preterm birth and low birth weight in women with adenomyosis diagnosed during pregnancy. A computerized ultrasonography database was used to identify singleton pregnant women with adenomyosis in the first trimester from January 2010 to December 2011. Only cases with a known pregnancy outcome were included. We reviewed the medical records and analyzed pregnancy outcomes according to the presence of adenomyosis and conception method. Among 11,173 singleton pregnant women, adenomyosis was detected in 88 (0.8%), and 8316 pregnant women (including 72 with adenomyosis) were included. The adenomyosis group was associated with significantly higher rates of preterm birth and low birth weight than the non-adenomyosis group (12.5% versus 4.1%; P < .001; 13.9% versus 3.1%; P < .001, respectively). In a subgroup analysis according to the conception method, incidences of preterm birth and low birth weight were not different in the non-adenomyosis group. However, the risks of preterm birth and low birth weight in the adenomyosis group were significantly higher in pregnant women who conceived by assisted reproductive technologies than in women who conceived naturally (28.0% versus 4.3%; P < .01; 28.0% versus 6.4%; P < .05, respectively). Ultrasonographic findings suggesting adenomyosis in early pregnancy were associated with increased risks of preterm delivery and low birth weight in women who conceived with the use of assisted reproductive technologies but not in women who conceived spontaneously.

Impact of inflammatory bowel disease activity and thiopurine therapy on birth weight: A meta-analysis.

AIMTo investigate the effect of disease activity or thiopurine use on low birth weight and small for gestational age in women with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).METHODSSelection criteria included all relevant articles on the effect of disease activity or thiopurine use on the risk of low birth weight (LBW) or small for gestational age (SGA) among pregnant women with IBD. Sixty-nine abstracts were identified, 35 papers were full text reviewed and, only 14 of them met inclusion criteria. Raw data were extracted to generate the relative risk of LBW or SGA. Quality was assessed using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale.RESULTSThis meta-analysis is reported according to PRISMA guidelines. Fourteen studies met inclusion criteria, and nine reported raw data suitable for meta-analysis. We found an increased risk ratio of both SGA and LBW in women with active IBD, when compared with women in remission: 1.3 for SGA (4 studies, 95%CI: 1.0-1.6, P = 0.04) and 2.0 for LBW (4 studies, 95%CI: 1.5-2.7, P < 0.0001). Women on thiopurines during pregnancy had a higher risk of LBW (RR 1.4, 95%CI: 1.1-1.9, P = 0.007) compared with non-treated women, but when adjusted for disease activity there was no significant effect on LBW (RR 1.2, 95%CI: 0.6-2.2, P = 0.6). No differences were observed regarding SGA (2 studies; RR 0.9, 95%CI: 0.7-1.2, P = 0.5).CONCLUSIONWomen with active IBD during pregnancy have a higher risk of LBW and SGA in their neonates. This should be considered in treatment decisions during pregnancy.

Adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes in women with preeclampsia in Iran

Background: Preeclampsia is relatively a common complication in pregnancy and is characterized by high blood pressure and protein in urine during pregnancy. Consistent with the adverse outcomes followed by preeclampsia, this study designed to investigate the how preeclampsia is associated with preterm, low birth weight (LBW), cesarean section, and weigh gain during pregnancy.Methods: In this population-based cross-sectional study, 5166 deliveries from 103 hospitals in Tehran (Capital of Iran) were included in the analysis in 2015. The independent variable was preeclampsia during pregnancy and weight gain during pregnancy, preterm birth, cesarean section, and LBW were considered as interested outcomes. The data were analyzed by statistical Stata software (version 13, Stata Inc., College Station, TX).Results: Adjusted results showed that the mean of weight gain in women with preeclampsia was significantly higher than women without preeclampsia (mean difference: 1.77 kg, 95%CI: 0.76–12.78, p = .001). The adjusted odds ratio for preterm birth, cesarean section, and LBW were 4.19 (95%CI: 2.71–6.48, p = .001), 1.92 (95%CI: 1.24–2.98, p = .003), and 1.19 (95%CI: 0.61–2.31, p = .599), respectively.Conclusion: Weight gain in women with preeclampsia was higher than women without preeclampsia and also the odds of preterm birth, cesarean section and LBW in women with preeclampsia was higher than women without preeclampsia.

Abstract 046: Chronic Estrogen Replacement Prevents the Increase in Blood Pressure in Female IUGR Offspring at 12 Months of Age

Low birth weight (LBW ) is associated with an earlier age at menopause and a greater prevalence of hypertension in women in later life. Using a rodent model of LBW induced by placental insufficiency, previous studies from our lab indicate that intrauterine growth restriction ( IUGR ) programs a significant increase in blood pressure ( BP ) by 12 months of age in female IUGR offspring. Female IUGR are also acyclic by 12 months of age, or 6 months prior to control indicative of early reproductive senescence. The mechanisms involved in menopause related cardiovascular risk are not clear. Furthermore, the link between birth weight and the greater prevalence for hypertension in LBW women in later life is not known. Female IUGR exhibit a shift in the testosterone to estradiol ratio at 12 months of age. Thus, this study tested the hypothesis that a loss of estradiol ( E2 ) contributes to the increase in BP in female IUGR offspring that develops by 12 months of age. Female rats received vehicle or 17β-Estradiol valerate minipellets (1.5mg for 60-day release) for 6 weeks starting at 12 months of age with BP measured in conscious, chronically catheterized rats following treatment (2way ANOVA; Tukey’s multiple comparison). BP was significantly increased in vehicle-treated IUGR relative to vehicle-treated Control (*, p&lt;0.05); an increase that was abolished by chronic E2 in IUGR (**, p&lt;0.05). Uterine weight, a crude marker of E2, was significantly increased by chronic E2 in both Control and IUGR E2-treated offspring (**, p&lt;0.05). Therefore, this study indicates that E2 withdrawal after early reproductive senescence contributes to the increase in BP that develops in later life in female IUGR offspring.