Lower Anxiety Scores Research Articles

Effect of Masking Secondary to the COVID-19 Pandemic on Functional Capacity Improvement in Cardiac Rehabilitation.

Given the difficulty to perform exercise training wearing a mask, we examined differences in functional capacity improvement between masking during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and non-masking prior to the pandemic for patients undergoing cardiac rehabilitation (CR). Records of 660 patients who underwent and completed≥18 sessions of CR in 2018 (n=318, non-masking) and in 2022 (n=342, masking) at an academic health system were analyzed. The primary outcome was post-CR change in functional capacity in metabolic equivalents (MET) measured by exercise stress test. Sessions of CR participation and changes in depression, anxiety, and quality of life scores were secondary outcomes. We used multivariable linear regression to adjust for differences in baseline CR outcome measures, demographics, American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation (AACVPR) risk, and comorbid conditions. Baseline age (64.6±0.46yr), sex (28% female), and racial distribution (85% white) were similar between the masking and non-masking groups. Non-masking patients were more likely to be classified in the AACVPR high risk category and had lower anxiety scores at baseline compared to masking patients. After CR, both groups had similar and significant improvements in depression, anxiety, and quality of life scores, but the improvement in functional capacity was lower in the masking group (-0.62±0.12MET, P <.001) compared to the non-masking group. Results remained significant after multivariable adjustment. Cardiac rehabilitation patients requiring masking during the COVID-19 pandemic had less improvement in functional capacity than patients who did not wear masks during CR prior to the pandemic. Interventions to mitigate the potential side effects of masking for CR patients may require further exploration.

The effects of physical exercise on fitness and emotion in Chinese preschoolers

BackgroundThe global prevalence of overweight and obesity in children under the age of five has emerged as a significant issue in recent years. Physical activity and fitness among children and adolescents have declined globally in the past few decades. Studies have indicated a link between levels of physical activity and cognitive performance in preschool children.MethodsThis quasi-experimental study investigated the effects of three different types of physical education programmes on the physical fitness and emotional competence of 239 preschoolers(mean age = 5.49 ± 0.60 years, 54.4% boys)in Haikou, China. The preschoolers were grouped based on which programme they were assigned to: the “Hello Sunshine” ball skills programme (HS group), ordinary physical education (OPE group), and free play (FP group). The “Hello Sunshine” ball skills programme used both a structured curriculum design and autonomous activity selection during outdoor time., which were conducive to children’s physical fitness.The National Physical Fitness Measurement Standards Manual and the shortened version of the Social Competence and Behavior Evaluation Scale (SCBE-30) were used to assess physical fitness and emotional competence, respectively. These assessments were conducted both before and after the ten-week intervention period. The analysis utilised a mixed-effects model for physical fitness and a mixed-model ANOVA for the SCBE data.ResultsThe HS group and OPE group demonstrated significantly improvement in the standing long jump, 10-m shuttle run and balance beam walking than the FP group; meanwhile, only anxious-withdrawal levels showed a significant grouping effect and group-by-time interaction effect. After the intervention, both the HS group and the FP group showed significantly lower scores for anxiety compared to the OPE group, with no significant difference observed between the HS and FP groups.ConclusionsThe results suggested that structured ball skills programmes may promote physical fitness and reduce anxiety. The integration of effective physical exercise programmes into preschool curricula holds the potential for promoting holistic development.

A New Nonpharmacological Tool for Coping With Labor Pain: Focusing on Birth-Specific Stereogram Cards (BSSC)

BACKGROUND/AIMS:Minimizing labor pain perception is crucial to mitigate its adverse effects and enhance women’s birth satisfaction. Two-dimensional images (stereograms) can effectively reduce labor pain perception by inducing a three-dimensional mental perception. This study was conducted to determine the effect of focusing on birth-specific stereogram cards (BSSC) on the perception of labor pain.METHODS:This prospective randomized controlled clinical trial involved 60 eligible pregnant women in an Istanbul state hospital’s delivery room. Data collection tools included a pregnancy data form, the State Anxiety Scale, BSSC, visual analog scale (VAS), and a postpartum data form. The researchers developed the BSSC for birth, and SPSS software version 20 was used for data analysis.RESULTS:The study noted reduced VAS scores, lower anxiety scores, decreased postpartum fatigue levels, and a shortened active phase in the BSSC group, along with high satisfaction with the intervention.CONCLUSIONS:The BSSC focus method effectively reduces labor pain perception, anxiety, and postpartum fatigue, making it a promising approach to improving birth experience.

Characterization of postintensive care syndrome in a prospective cohort of survivors of COVID-19 critical illness: a 12-month follow-up study

PurposeStudies integrating an exhaustive longitudinal long-term follow-up of postintensive care syndrome (PICS) in critically ill COVID-19 survivors are scarce. We aimed to 1) describe PICS-related sequelae over a 12-month period after intensive care unit (ICU) discharge, 2) identify relevant demographic and clinical factors related to PICS, and 3) explore how PICS-related sequelae may influence health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in critically ill COVID-19 survivors.MethodsWe conducted a prospective cohort study in adult critically ill survivors of SARS-CoV-2 infection that did or did not need invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) during the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain (March 2020 to January 2021). We performed a telemedicine follow-up of PICS-related sequelae (physical/functional, cognitive, and mental health) and HRQoL with five data collection points. We retrospectively collected demographic and clinical data. We used multivariable mixed-effects models for data analysis.ResultsWe included 142 study participants in the final analysis, with a median [interquartile range] age of 61 [53–68] yr; 35% were female and 59% needed IMV. Fatigue/dyspnea, pain, impaired muscle function, psychiatric symptomatology and reduced physical HRQoL were prominent sequelae early after ICU discharge. Over the 12-month follow-up, functionality and fatigue/dyspnea improved progressively, while pain remained stable. We observed slight fluctuations in anxiety symptoms and perception of cognitive deficit, whereas posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depressive symptoms improved, with a mild rebound at the end of the follow-up. Female sex, younger age, and the need for IMV were risk factors for PICS, while having higher cognitive reserve was a potential protective factor. Physical HRQoL scores showed a general improvement over time, whereas mental HRQoL remained stable. Shorter ICU stay, better functionality, and lower scores for fatigue/dyspnea and pain were associated with better physical HRQoL, while lower scores for anxiety, depression, and PTSD were associated with better mental HRQoL.ConclusionsPostintensive care syndrome was common in COVID-19 critical illness survivors and persisted in a significant proportion of patients one year after ICU discharge, impacting HRQoL. The presence of risk factors for PICS may identify patients who are more likely to develop the condition and who would benefit from more specific and closer follow-up after ICU admission.Study registrationClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04422444); first submitted 9 June 2020.

Associations between Dental Anxiety Levels, Self-Reported Oral Health, Previous Unpleasant Dental Experiences, and Behavioural Reactions in Dental Settings: An Adult E-Survey.

Background and Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of dental anxiety, its association with self-reported oral health, and sociodemographic factors in adults that are critical for improving oral health and well-being. Materials and Methods: An online survey was conducted via social media, with 1551 adults (76.5% women, 23.5% men) participating nationwide. Data collected included demographic data, Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS) scores, and associations between dental anxiety, negative experiences, and self-reported oral health. The analysis included psychophysiological, behavioural, and emotional responses and avoidance of dental visits, using descriptive and generalised linear regression models. Results: This study found that the mean score of the MDAS was 9.70 ± 5.11 out of 25, 19.1% of the participants reported no dental anxiety, and 7.8% suffered from dental phobia. Gender, age, and socioeconomic status had no significant effect on the prevalence of anxiety. Although more than half of the participants reported negative dental experiences, particularly in childhood, anxiety levels were unaffected. However, those who rated their oral health as excellent or very good had lower anxiety scores (p = 0.008, p = 0.024). Among the dental procedures, oral surgery (58.7%) and prosthetic (restorative) dental treatments (15.2%) caused the most anxiety. Avoidance behaviour correlated with increased anxiety (p ≤ 0.001), as did postponing dental visits until severe pain occurred (p = 0.011). Conclusions: These results emphasise the significant prevalence of dental anxiety in adults, particularly for surgical procedures and drilling, posing challenges in patient management. Tailored strategies are essential to reduce anxiety, improve patient well-being, and optimise dental service delivery and treatment efficacy.

Effectiveness of Online Mindfulness Platform in Improving Anxiety, Depression, and Stress in Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Randomized Control Trial.

COVID-19 epidemic bring a great threat to human physical and mental health. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of an online mindfulness platform in improving mental status. Patients from a regional hospital were randomly divided into the experimental and control groups. The experimental group received online mindfulness interventions, and control group received general health education. There were no significant differences in the stress or depression scores between the two groups (P > 0.05). Intervention group had significantly lower anxiety scores than control group at fourth and eighth weeks (P<0.001). There was no significant difference in the emotion change over time in control group (P > 0.05). The anxiety in the intervention group was significantly improved at the 4th and 8th weeks (P<0.05). Moreover, the stress and depression in the intervention group were significantly improved at the 8th week (P<0.05). Online mindfulness intervention can effectively improve emotional status.

Racial Differences in Psychosocial Resources and Mental and Physical Health Outcomes during Pregnancy: A structural equation modeling approach.

Poor prenatal health is of particular concern among minoritized individuals who may experience adverse social determinants of health contributing to the intergenerational transmission of health disparities. The purpose of this study was to investigate associations between psychosocial resources, and mental and physical health among a prenatal sample, and to explore if these relationships vary by race. English-speaking pregnant individuals living in the United States were recruited using Centiment (n=340). Participants completed a 121-item cross-sectional survey. We conducted a single- and multi-group structural equation model to test hypothesized relationships, and then investigated differences by pregnant White individuals versus Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC). Our final single-group model exhibited good model fit (χ2 (43) = 99.07, p<.01, CFI = 0.97, SRMR = 0.04, and RMSEA = 0. 06 (0.05 - 0.08)). After controlling for demographic characteristics and social determinants of health, higher levels of mindfulness were statistically significantly related to lower anxiety and depression scores (both p<.01). Higher levels of social supports were statistically significantly related to lower anxiety scores. Scale measurement invariance was confirmed for the multi-group model and the structural model was statistically significantly different between pregnant White individuals and BIPOC in this sample (Δ χ2 (27) = 116.71, p <.01). Identification of core components of psychosocial resource interventions, consideration of upstream structural determinants, mindfulness and valued-living (MVL)-based strategies, cultural adaptation, and an emphasis on resilience rather than psychopathology may result in improved prenatal health among pregnant individuals traditionally underrepresented in research.

MANCAN2: A multicentre randomised controlled trial of self-help cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) to manage hot flush and night sweats (HFNS) symptoms in patients with prostate cancer receiving androgen deprivation therapy (ADT).

LBA5004 Background: Up to 80% of patients receiving ADT suffer HFNS which impacts quality of life (QOL) and potentially ADT compliance. Mitigation options are limited. Prior research has found self-help CBT, with minimal guidance, reduced HFNS due to ADT at 6 weeks. We tested the longer term impact of self-help CBT, guided and delivered by prostate Cancer Nurse Specialist (CNS) teams. Methods: MANCAN2 is a multicentre randomised controlled trial and process evaluation within UK prostate cancer units. Eligibility: localised/advanced prostate cancer; on ADT with ≥ 6 months further planned; HFNS Problem Rating Scale ≥ 2. Patients were randomised (1:1) in groups of 6 to 8 to treatment as usual (TAU) or CBT + TAU, by permuted block, stratified by site, cohort and treatment intent. CBT was a 4-week self-help intervention (booklet and relaxation audio) with pre- and post-intervention group workshops by the prostate CNS team. Primary objective: does adding CBT to TAU reduce 6 month HFNS Problem Rating Scale versus baseline (mixed linear regression). Secondary endpoints: 6 week HFNS Problem Rating Scale, HFNS frequency, HFNS beliefs and behaviours, QOL (EORTC QLQ-C30, symptoms (rating scales for anxiety, depression, mood and sleep) by mixed logistic regression), ADT compliance (chi-squared test). A 6 month mean HFNS Problem Rating Scale difference of ≥ 1.5 points was deemed clinically relevant, and required data from 111 patients (90% power, 5% type 1 error, 6 to 8 patients per group, intra-class correlation 0.01, anticipating 26% patient loss). Results: 162 patients were randomly assigned (81/arm) and 117 returned 6 month HFNS Problem Rating Scale data. Baseline characteristics were balanced. Mean CBT delivery adherence was 85%. 6 month mean HFNS Problem Rating Scale score was not significantly different for the TAU alone versus CBT + TAU (mean 4.08 vs 4.04, 95% CI for difference: -0.89, 0.80; p=0.97), although a difference was observed at 6 weeks (mean 4.47 vs 3.79, 95% CI: -1.26, -0.09; p=0.03). At 6 weeks, CBT patients had higher weekly HFNS frequency (median 54.2 vs 59.4, 95% CI: 0.22, 10.19; p=0.04), lower depression score (median 7.19 vs 6.19, 95% CI: -1.88, -0.12; p=0.03) and lower anxiety score (median 4.25 vs 3.39, 95% CI: -1.64, -0.08; p=0.03). CBT patients had more positive beliefs about openness and humour scores at 6 months (median 4.92 vs 4.59, 95% CI: -0.63, -0.03; p=0.03). There was no significant difference for other measures of HFNS beliefs and behaviours, quality of life, anxiety, mood, sleep quality and treatment compliance. Conclusions: Adding CBT to TAU in prostate cancer patients receiving ADT improved short-term HFNS severity but was not maintained at 6 months. Future research should investigate whether initial CBT benefit could be made sustainable in this setting. Clinical trial information: 58720120.

Effectiveness of Two Types of Distraction Techniques in the Management of Pain and Anxiety during Dental Treatment in 6-9-year-old Children.

To determine the effectiveness of distraction with virtual reality (VR) distraction devices in comparison with mobile phone video games in the management of pain and anxiety during dental treatment in 6-9-year-old children. It was a comparative observational study. A total of 33 children aged 6-9 years who reported to the department for their first dental visit were selected and the subjects were divided into three groups. Group I patients were in a normal clinical environment without any distractions. Group II patients were given mobile phone video games. Group III patients were given a VR distraction device as a means of distraction.The anxiety levels of patients before treatment, after using a distraction device preoperatively, during local anesthesia injection, and after dental treatment were assessed. Pain after local anesthesia injection in each group was assessed. The easability of handling the patient and carrying out the procedure was assessed using a questionnaire. All data were collected and analyzed. The results showed when compared to the children in groups I and II, children in group III obtained significantly lower anxiety scores after treatment, and they also reported significantly decreased pain perception during dental treatment (p < 0.001). The pain while administering local anesthesia was greater for the control group and lowest for the VR group. It was observed that VR group patients were easier to handle and easier to carry out procedures than those in the mobile phone group. Virtual reality distraction is an effective distraction technique for reducing pain and anxiety in children during various treatment procedures. Virtual reality distraction can be used effectively in clinics.It is a patient-friendly technique and is more comfortable for both patients and dentists during treatment.It does not require any previous education and training and has a positive impact on memories of the treatment, leading to behavior modification. Chandran LS, Issac JS, Girija P, et al. Effectiveness of Two Types of Distraction Techniques in the Management of Pain and Anxiety during Dental Treatment in 6-9-year-old Children. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2024;17(3):291-296.

Differential Anxiety Responses in Acute Myocardial Infarction vs. COVID-19 Pneumonia Patients.

Background and Objectives: Amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, concerns about the psychological impact of disease-related anxiety on public health have risen. This study aims to compare general and death anxiety levels between acute coronary artery syndrome and COVID-19 pneumonia patients. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study of 132 individuals, including acute myocardial infarction (MI), COVID-19 pneumonia patients, and healthy volunteers from Trakya University Hospital (Turkey), was analyzed. Validated scales like the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Coronavirus Anxiety Scale Short Form, and Thorson-Powell Death Anxiety Scale (TPDAS) were employed. Demographic data such as age, gender, income levels, employment status, presence of a close relative with COVID-19, and whether participants followed COVID-19-related news were collected and compared across groups with significance level of 0.05 set for all analyses. Results: Among 41 COVID-19, 41 MI, and 50 healthy subjects, the pneumonia group showed highest COVID-19 anxiety (p = 0.01) and BAI scores (p = 0.008). Both COVID-19 and MI patients had significantly higher BAI and TPDAS scores compared to healthy controls (p < 0.001). Factors like female gender (p = 0.004), low education (p = 0.003), current employment (p = 0.008), and low income (p = 0.002) correlated with higher BAI scores. Low income (p = 0.001) and COVID-19 news exposure (p = 0.002) correlated with higher TPDAS scores. Males and married patients had lower anxiety scores (p = 0.008). High income, education, and employment reduced anxiety levels (p = 0.008). TPDAS scores decreased with higher income (p = 0.001), but increased in the MI group (p = 0.002) with COVID-19 news exposure. The multivariate linear regression analysis found that MI and COVID-19 pneumonia were associated with TPDAS; female gender, university education, and COVID-19 pneumonia with the Beck scale; and COVID-19 pneumonia with anxiety scores on the COVID-19 Anxiety scale. Conclusions: This research showcases differing anxiety patterns between illnesses such as MI and COVID-19 pneumonia amidst the pandemic, emphasizing the amplifying influence of media coverage on death-related anxieties. It underscores the imperative of targeted interventions and socioeconomic considerations in managing psychological consequences and formulating responsive public health strategies.

3D bioprinting: a review and potential applications for Mohs micrographic surgery.

Mohs Micrographic Surgery (MMS) is effective for treating common cutaneous malignancies, but complex repairs may often present challenges for reconstruction. This paper explores the potential of three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting in MMS, offering superior outcomes compared to traditional methods. 3D printing technologies show promise in advancing skin regeneration and refining surgical techniques in dermatologic surgery. A PubMed search was conducted using the following keywords: "Three-dimensional bioprinting" OR "3-D printing" AND "Mohs" OR "Mohs surgery" OR "Surgery." Peer-reviewed English articles discussing medical applications of 3D bioprinting were included, while non-peer-reviewed and non-English articles were excluded. Patients using 3D MMS models had lower anxiety scores (3.00 to 1.7, p < 0.0001) and higher knowledge assessment scores (5.59 or 93.25% correct responses), indicating better understanding of their procedure. Surgical residents using 3D models demonstrated improved proficiency in flap reconstructions (p = 0.002) and knowledge assessment (p = 0.001). Additionally, 3D printing offers personalized patient care through tailored surgical guides and anatomical models, reducing intraoperative time while enhancing surgical. Concurrently, efforts in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine are being explored as potential alternatives to address organ donor shortages, eliminating autografting needs. However, challenges like limited training and technological constraints persist. Integrating optical coherence tomography with 3D bioprinting may expedite grafting, but challenges remain in pre-printing grafts for complex cases. Regulatory and ethical considerations are paramount for patient safety, and further research is needed to understand long-term effects and cost-effectiveness. While promising, significant advancements are necessary for full utilization in MMS.

Preoperative Anxiolytic and Sedative Effects of Intranasal Remimazolam and Dexmedetomidine: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Study in Children Undergoing General Surgeries.

Remimazolam, anultra-short-acting and fast-metabolized sedative, has only been sporadically investigated in children. This study was performed to determine the beneficial effects of intranasal remimazolam or dexmedetomidine on preoperative anxiety in children undergoing general surgeries. Ninety children were randomly and equally assigned to Group R (intranasal remimazolam 1.5mg kg-1), Group D (intranasal dexmedetomidine 2 mcg kg-1), and Group C (intranasal distilled water). The primary outcomes were the preoperative anxiety scores using the modified Yale preoperative anxiety scale (m-Ypas). The secondary outcomes included the cooperation behaviour of intranasal drug application, preoperative sedation levels, parental separation anxiety scores (PSAS), and mask acceptance scores (MAS). Group R showed a significant low anxiety at 10 min after intranasal premedication (vs group C, P=0.010; vs group D, P = 0.002) and at anaesthesia induction (vs group C, P = 0.004). Group D showed a significantly low anxiety score only prior to anaesthesia induction (vs group C, P = 0.005). Most children in group R achieved mild sedation at 10 min (vs group C, P < 0.001; vs group D, P < 0.001), with a few progressing to deep sedation afterwards, while group D tended toward deep sedation. Compared to Group C, patients in Group R performed significantly better on the MAS (P = 0.014) and PSAS (P = 0.008). However, remimazolam did cause poor cooperation behavior to the intranasal application due to its mucosal irritation (vs group C, P = 0.001; vs group D, P = 0.010). Both intranasal remimazolam and dexmedetomidine can effectively alleviate preoperative anxiety in children. While intranasal remimazolam has a rapid onset, it produces only mild sedation and causes substantial nasal irritation. NCT04720963, January 22, 2021, ClinicalTrials.Gov.

Биологические механизмы тревожности: генетические ассоциации генов BDNF и AMPD1 с ситуативной и личностной тревожностью

&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;This article delves into the genetic underpinnings of anxiety, indicating that both state and trait anxiety have heritable components. However, there is no consensus on the degree of heritability, and much remains to be understood about the specific genetic variants involved and their mechanisms of action. The study explores the role of the &lt;em&gt;BDNF &lt;/em&gt;gene, which is involved in the synthesis and transportation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor protein, and the &lt;em&gt;AMPD1 &lt;/em&gt;gene, which facilitates the conversion of inosine monophosphate to adenosine monophosphate, the intracellular precursor for adenosine in the pathophysiology of anxiety. The methodology of this study involved a combination of genetic testing, psychological assessments, and statistical analysis. Participants were recruited from diverse demographic groups to ensure the findings were broadly applicable. DNA samples were collected for genetic testing, and participants completed the STAI questionnaire to measure their state and trait anxiety levels. The genetic data were analyzed to identify associations between variants in the &lt;em&gt;BDNF&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;AMPD1&lt;/em&gt; genes and levels of anxiety; specifically, the frequency of these variants in participants with high anxiety scores was compared to those with low anxiety scores. The study provided evidence of the association between &lt;em&gt;BDNF &lt;/em&gt;variants and levels of trait anxiety and &lt;em&gt;AMPD1 &lt;/em&gt;variants with levels of state anxiety, implicating different biological mechanisms underlying these components of anxiety.&lt;/p&gt;

The effect on perioperative anxiety and emergence delirium of the child or parent's preference for parental accompaniment during anesthesia induction in children undergoing adenotonsillectomy surgery.

Pediatric emergence delirium (ED) occurs in the early postoperative period and is defined as a complex psychiatric disorder. Non-pharmacological methods of treatment, such as perioperative parental presence, have been the focus of many studies, but the impact on preventing ED of which parent accompanies the child during anesthesia induction has not been identified as yet. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine whether the selection made by children undergoing adenotonsillectomy of which parent will accompany them during anesthesia induction has the effect of reducing postoperative delirium scores and incidence compared to selections made by the parents. The study included 80 children of both genders, aged 5-12 years, who underwent day-case surgery in the otorhinolaryngology clinic. The patients were separated randomly into two groups of 40. In Group 1, the children were asked to choose which of their parents would accompany them during general anesthesia induction, and in Group 2, the parents were asked to decide who would be the accompanying parent. Evaluation of postoperative delirium was made using the Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium (PAED) scale. The anxiety level of the children was evaluated with the modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale (mYPAS) both in the preoperative waiting area and during the anesthesia induction. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) was used to evaluate the anxiety level of the parents. The mean PAED scores were similar in both groups (mean difference [95% CI]: -0.1 [-2.8 to 0.7]). The incidence of emergence delirium was also similar in both groups (risk ratio 0.9 [0.4 to 1.8]). The mean mYPAS scores during the induction of anesthesia of Group 1 was lower than that of Group 2 (mean difference [95% CI]: -8.4 [-15.2 to -1.6]). The mean mYPAS scores evaluated in the preoperative waiting area were found to be similar in the two groups (mean difference [95% CI]: -1.9 [-7.5 to 3.5]). The mean STAI anxiety scores of the parents were similar in both groups, with higher scores obtained by mothers compared to fathers, at all measurement times. The incidence or severity of ED did not decrease significantly even though lower anxiety scores were obtained during anesthesia induction in children who were allowed to make the decision of accompanying parent. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that postoperative delirium is a more complicated process that can be affected by many other variables rather than just the parent-child general interaction.

Mental health among ethnic minority adolescents in Vietnam and correlated factors: A cross-sectional study

ObjectiveThis study aimed to measure the rate of depression, anxiety and stress among ethnic minority adolescents and identify relationships between demographic characteristics, behaviours and adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) factors with different mental disorders. MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted in Lang Son province, Vietnam, among adolescents in boarding schools for ethnic minorities. The Depression-Anxiety-Stress Scale–21 (DASS-21) and the ACEs Questionnaire were used. Information on age, gender, ethnicity, frequency of home visits, frequency of parental visits, number of people living together, quality of friendship, physical activity, and frequency of Internet use was also collected. Multivariate Logistic and Tobit regression were employed. ResultsAmong 845 students, the rates of stress, anxiety and depression were 24.7 %, 54.4 % and 59.0 %, respectively. There were 48.9 % experiencing at least one ACEs, and the mean number of ACEs was 1.1 (SD = 1.8, range = 0–6). The number of ACEs was positively associated with anxiety score (Coef. = 0.28), stress score (Coef. = 0.28), and depression score (Coef. = 0.16). Having fair or poor friendships was positively associated with anxiety, stress and depression scores. Adolescents using the Internet daily or not using the Internet had a significantly lower anxiety score than those using the Internet at the weekend. Finally, information sources such as friends or television were negatively associated with stress and anxiety scores. ConclusionThis study revealed the high prevalence of mental health problems and ACEs among ethnic minority adolescents in current sample. The present study illustrates an immediate demand for interventions to address ACEs and cognitive issues to improve adolescents’ well-being.

Validity and reliability study of Turkish version of abbreviated science anxiety scale

The aim of this study is to adapt “Abbreviated Science Anxiety Scale”(ASAS) developed by Megreya et al. (2021) to Turkish and to investigate the reliability and validity of Turkish-ASAS. In the adaptation study, some steps were determined and implemented. After the English-Turkish translation validity of ASAS was ensured, data were collected within the scope of the survey study for reliability and validity studies. The study group in the scale adaptation study are experts (teaching staff in science education, Science teacher, and English teacher) and 410 middle school students (Grade 5, 6, 7 and 8). After the descriptive statistics and item analysis were made, a exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis was performed to reveal the factor structure. The adaptation stage findings shows the two-factor structure of ASAS. These factors are “learning science anxiety” and “science evaluation anxiety”. Cronbach Alpha reliability coefficient for ASAS-Turkish was calculated as 0.703. As in the original scale, ASAS-Turkish is a 5-point Likert type scale and consisting of 9 items. The results show that ASAS-Turkish is a short, valid and reliable tool. Low scores on the ASAS indicate low anxiety and high scores indicate high anxiety. It can be used to guide and enhance scientific study.

Glaucoma awareness, anxiety and its impact on patients undergoing visual field testing and optical coherence tomography.

To assess the effect of Glaucoma awareness, knowledge, and anxiety on patients under visual field analysis by Humphrey's visual field analyzer (HFA) and optical coherence tomography(OCT). This prospective comparative cohort study included glaucoma patients undergoing HFA (Group A)(n = 150) and OCT(Group B) (n = 150). Each group consisted of 75 newly diagnosed patients and 75 patients who were on follow-up. Participants completed State trait anxiety inventory form Y2(STAI) before and after the test to assess pre-test and intra-test anxiety. Another validated and structured questionnaire was used to assess patient awareness and knowledge of glaucoma. Anxiety scores were used to make correlations and comparisons between the two groups and also against visual field reliability indices. The impact of awareness on anxiety scores and its correlation with reliability indices were also determined. Overall pretest and intratest anxiety scores in patients undergoing HFA were 52.39(9.5) and 52.45(8.6)and OCT 53.04(8.0) and 53.83(8.2) respectively.Pretest anxiety was less in follow-up patients of both groups(Group A-51.04,Group B-52.72).There was no statistically significant difference between the groups(pretest p = 0.52,Intratest p = 0.15). Anxiety score was found to be significantly high in female participants(54.07,p = 0.01)and those without awareness(p < 0.001). Patients with education of graduation and above in group B had significantly lower anxiety scores(p = 0.007). Anxiety levels induced by both diagnostic modalities HFA and OCT appear to be similar and it does not affect the reliability indices.Anxiety score was higher in female participants and participants lacking disease awareness.

Patient-reported symptoms before adjuvant locoregional radiotherapy for breast cancer: triple-negative histology impacts the symptom burden.

Multimodal breast cancer treatment may cause side effects reflected in patient-reported outcomes and/or symptom scores at the time of treatment planning for adjuvant radiotherapy. In our department, all patients have been assessed with the Edmonton Symptom Assessment System (ESAS; aquestionnaire addressing 11major symptoms and wellbeing on anumeric scale of 0-10) at the time of treatment planning since 2016. In this study, we analyzed ESAS symptom severity before locoregional radiotherapy. Retrospective review of 132 patients treated between 2016 and 2021 (all comers in breast-conserving or post-mastectomy settings, different radiotherapy fractionations) was performed. All ESAS items and the ESAS point sum were analyzed to identify subgroups with higher symptom burden and thus need for additional care measures. The biggest patient-reported issues were fatigue, pain, and sleep problems. Patients with triple negative breast cancer reported ahigher symptom burden (mean 30 versus20, p = 0.038). Patients assigned to adjuvant endocrine therapy had the lowest point sum (mean18), followed by those on Her-2-targeting agents without chemotherapy (mean19), those on chemotherapy with or without other drugs (mean26), and those without systemic therapy (mean41), p = 0.007. Those with pathologic complete response after neoadjuvant treatment had significantly lower anxiety scores (mean 0.7 versus1.8, p = 0.03) and atrend towards lower depression scores, p = 0.09. Different surgical strategies, age, and body mass index did not impact on ESAS scores, while the type of adjuvant systemic therapy did. The effect of previous neoadjuvant treatment and unfavorable tumor biology (triple negative) emerged as important factors associated with symptom burden, albeit in different domains. ESAS data may facilitate identification of patients who should be considered for additional supportive measures to alleviate specific symptoms.

Mentally healthy living after pandemic social distancing: a study of older Canadians reveals helpful anxiety reduction strategies.

Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, older Canadians were the most at risk of severe physical harm, including death, and their return to post-COVID life was expected to be especially anxiety-provoking. A study was conducted to obtain nationally representative evidence of older Canadians' self-perceived anxiety levels and their strategies to manage or mitigate it as public health restrictions were lifting. This study had a cross-sectional descriptive design. An e-survey was used to collect data from 1327 Canadians aged 60+ stratified by age, sex, and education to resemble the larger general population. Participants completed the Geriatric Anxiety Scale (GAS-10) and indicated which of the 16 Centre for Addictions and Mental Health's (2022) Coping with Stress and Anxiety strategies they were using to manage or mitigate their anxiety when social distancing was lifting. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression analysis were used to explore the data. While, on average, older Canadians were mildly anxious, nearly one-quarter of responders rated their anxiety as severe. Age, sex, perceived health, were statistically significant correlates of anxiety. Six coping strategies were associated with significantly lower anxiety scores. Moreover, accepting some fear and anxiety as normal, challenging worries and anxious thoughts, and practising relaxation/meditation appeared to increase anxiety. Older Canadians used multiple strategies to manage or mitigate their anxiety, and seemingly, with more successful than detrimental tries. Practitioners have much to learn and understand about older people's mental health promotion efforts after social distancing, now and for future pandemics.

Effects of Multi-Mechanism Complementary Therapy on Pain and Anxiety During Labor Latency in Primiparous Women.

Objective: Evaluate the efficacy of single and mixed complementary therapies, with different analgesic mechanisms, in relieving pain and anxiety during the late labor period. Design and method: In this study, 145 primiparous women with 2-3 cm dilation of the cervix were randomly assigned to one of five groups: control group (psychological comfort), comprehensive group, aroma group, auricular acupuncture group, and music group. The groups were distributed equally (1:1:1:1 ratio), and pain and anxiety scores were assessed at 30, 60, and 120 minutes post-intervention in each group. Outcomes and measures: Compared to the control group, all intervention groups showed lower pain scores. The comprehensive group had the largest reduction in pain scores at 30, 60, and 120 minutes post-intervention. The auricular point, aroma, and music groups also demonstrated significant reductions in pain scores at different time points. Only the comprehensive group had a statistically significant reduction in anxiety at 30 minutes post-intervention compared to the control group. However, at 60 and 120 minutes post-intervention, all intervention groups showed lower anxiety scores compared to the control group. Conclusion: The optimal effects of each therapy varied in terms of timing and duration. Combination therapy showed a greater effect size than single complementary therapy.