A study was undertaken to carry out the productivity and suitability evaluation of the soils of the Ghiladhari watershed of Assam. Satellite image interpretation led to the recognition of six different physiographic units in the studied area which included: structural hill, upper piedmont plain, lower piedmont plain, upper alluvial plain, lower alluvial plain and old flood plain. Fifty surface soil samples representing different physiographic units were collected and analyzed in the laboratory for various soil parameters. The productivity and suitability of the soils were computed and assessed by following standard procedures. The studied soils with mean productivity index values ranging from 11.90 to 44.78 could be ranked as: lower alluvial plain> upper alluvial plain> old flood plain> lower piedmont plain> upper piedmont plain> structural hill. However, through adoption of proper improvement measures the soils could be improved to land index values of 22.60 to 54.23. The land index value for winter rice varied from 1.10 to 39.77 and for Summer/Autumn rice it ranged between 1.30 to 44.32. The studied soils in terms of their suitability for winter rice, and Summer/Autumn rice could be arranged in the sequence: old flood plain> lower alluvial plain> upper alluvial plain> lower piedmont plain> upper piedmont plain> structural hill. The productivity and soil suitability maps as generated under GIS environment will serve as ready reckoner to farmers, planners and administrators in identifying the potential areas suitable for the major crops grown in that area.