Love Attitudes Scale Research Articles

Creencias sobre el amor y bienestar durante la adultez emergente

The aim of this research was to study beliefs about relationships during emerging adulthood, specifically romantic love myths and types of love, and their relationship with well-being, taking into account gender differences. A total of 631 young people between 18 and 29 years of age articipated. The Spanish version of the Love Attitudes Scale, the Romantic Love Myths Scale, and the Flourishing Scale were used. The results showed a general tendency towards Eros love and a greater inclination of males towards Altruistic and Playful love, while females were more inclined towards Pragmatic love. Likewise, a low level of acceptance of romantic myths was observed, being higher in men. Higher levels of Eros and Pragmatic love were related to higher flourishing, while higher levels of Playful and Obsessive love predicted lower flourishing.

Correlates of the Short Form Love Attitudes Scale among Portuguese People

Correlates of the Short Form Love Attitudes Scale among Portuguese People

How do I love thee? The five love attitudes people hold toward their pets

Abstract Relationship processes in the human-pet relationship parallel those in the human romantic relationship. In this study, we sought to determine whether the six human romantic love styles – Eros (ideal), Storge (friendship), Ludus (game-playing), Pragma (practical), Mania (obsessive, dependent) and Agape (selfless), represented the human-pet relationship. We wrote 44 pet-human love style items, derived from the Love Attitudes Scale (Hendrick and Hendrick, 1986 ). Participants ( N = 254) completed these 44 pet love style items, along with measures of romantic love styles, general pet attitudes, and pet and romantic relationship satisfaction. We reduced the 44 items to the following five factors: Eros/Storge, Ludus, Pragma, Mania, and Agape. The pet love attitudes were modestly correlated with human romantic love attitudes suggesting people endorse different love attitudes in different relationships. Multiple regression results showed that Eros/Storge and Agape were positively correlated with pet relationship satisfaction, while Mania was negatively correlated. Eros/Storge was the strongest predictor of relationship satisfaction ( β = 0.68). This is the first study to show that love attitudes apply to human-pet relationships and that certain love attitudes predict a happy relationship with one’s pet.

The Mediator Role of Love Myhts between Narcissistic Personality Traits and Love Styles

Narcissistic personality traits are associated with relationship conflicts, and the way of perceiving relationships can affect behaviors and attitudes. Therefore, the aim of the study was to investigate the love myths mediator role between narcissistic personality traits and love styles. The research's sample was determined by a simple random sampling method. The sample includes 231 women 187 men in total 418 individuals between the ages of 18-45 (Mean=23.81, Standart Deviation=5.95) who stated that they had been in a romantic relationship and who participated in the study voluntarily. Measurement tools were socio-demographic data form, Narcissistic Personality Inventory, Love Attitudes Scale (Short-Form), and Love Myths Scale. The answers to the surveys were analyzed with the SPSS 25 program. Pearson Correlation Test and PROCESS 3.5 were used. Results indicated that abuse of love and idealization of love myhts mediate between narcissistic personality traits and mania and ludus love style. The results show that love myhts abuse of love and idealization creates a tendency in people with narcissistic personality traits to act like gamer, be careless, and be abusive in romantic relationships. The results of the study might be helpful in finding a solution to narcissistic people's relationship conflicts, raising relationship satisfaction, and by so preventing jealousy, infidelity, and careless or manipulative, aggressive, and abusive attitudes.

Examining the Effectiveness of the Imago Therapy Approach on Marital Adjustment and Love Styles in Married Students with Early Marriages

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of the Imago therapy approach on marital adjustment and love styles in married students with early marriages. Methods and Materials: The research employed a semi-experimental method with a pre-test and post-test design with a control group. The statistical population studied included second-year high school students from vocational and technical schools in Mashhad during the 2021-2022 academic year. A purposive sampling method was used, and the participants were randomly assigned to a 15-member experimental group and a 15-member control group. The experimental group underwent 10 sessions of Imago therapy intervention and training. Subsequently, post-tests were conducted using questionnaires on both groups, and follow-up tests were administered at the end. To measure the level of marital adjustment, the Spanier Marital Adjustment Questionnaire (1976) was used, and to assess attitudes toward love, the Hendrick Love Attitudes Scale (1986) was utilized. The data were analyzed using inferential statistics through the SPSS statistical software. Findings: The results of the covariance analysis indicated that the Imago therapy model was effective in increasing marital adjustment and love styles, suggesting that this approach can be used in therapeutic and counseling sessions. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that Imago therapy significantly improves marital adjustment and love styles in married students with early marriages. Post-intervention scores in the experimental group showed a meaningful increase in marital adjustment and strong attitudes toward love compared to the control group. Thus, Imago therapy is an effective intervention for enhancing marital satisfaction and relationship quality in this population.

Polish adaptation of The Love Attitudes Scale: Short Form

The present study was conducted to determine the psychometric properties of the Polish version of The Love Attitudes Scale: Short Form (Hendrick et al., 1998). The scale is used to measure the love styles Eros, Ludus, Storge, Pragma, Mania, Agape based on John Lee's theory. The mean age of the subjects was 23 years (SD = 4.09). To determine the psychometric properties of the scale, an exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis (RMSEA = 0.0425; CFI = 0.938; TLI = 0.928) was performed. The reliability of the Polish version of The Love Attitudes Scale: Short Form was measured using Cronbach's Alpha (0.67 for the total tool, for subscales 0.61 to 0.81) and McDonald's Omega (0.69 for the total tool, for subscales 0.66 to 0.82). An external validity analysis was also conducted using the Attachment Styles Questionnaire, the Sexual Satisfaction Questionnaire, Rosenberg self-esteem scale and the Well-being Questionnaire. Based on the results, the Polish version of The Love Attitudes Scale: Short Form can be considered a tool with good psychometric properties recommended for use in scientific research.

The Love Attitude that Influences One’s Happiness: The Relationship Between Love Attitude Scale Scores and Oxford Happiness Scores of Selected College Students

The COVID-19 pandemic wrought havoc upon many romantic relationships throughout the world. Since romantic love has been established as a source of happiness and that there are varying attitudes toward love, this study sought to ascertain whether differing love attitudes are associated with happiness. 116 romantically involved participants volunteered to be the respondents of this study. They were 2nd year college students of a private school in Marikina City, Philippines. The Love Attitudes Scale: Short form or L.A.S. was administered to measure the 6 love attitudes of the respondents, namely (1) Eros or passionate love, (2) Ludus or game-playing love, (3) Storge or friendship love, (4) Pragma or practical love, (5) Mania or possessive, dependent love and (6) Agape or altruistic love. On the other hand, the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire was administered to measure the respondents’ degree of happiness. The findings revealed that the respondents’ highest love attitude is Eros or passionate love while Ludus or game-playing love is the lowest. In addition, the respondents’ Oxford happiness scores indicated that the respondents were only slightly happy. A significant low positive relationship between the respondents’ Pragma love attitude scores and Oxford happiness scores was found. This implies that among the 6 love attitudes, only the respondents’ Pragma love attitude score has a significant relationship with their Oxford happiness score, and that as one increases, the other slightly increases and vice-versa. Keywords: Love Attitudes Scale, Oxford Happiness Questionnaire, Love, Happiness, COVID-19

Turkish Adaptation of Romantic Relationship Sabotage Scale: Validity and Reliability Study.

The aim of this study is to perform the Turkish validity and reliability analyzes of the Romantic Relationship Sabotage Scale, which was developed to reveal why couples sabotage the relationship in romantic relationships, and to adapt this scale to Turkish culture. The study group consisted of 495 individuals who did not have any psychiatric disorders and had a romantic relationship. The similarity of the results obtained with the factor analysis with the original scale showed that the scale provided construct validity. For the criterion correlation validity of the scale, the correlations between the Turkish Romantic Relationship Sabotage Scale-total score and Perceived Romantic Relationship Quality Scale (r = -.384, P < .05), The Love Attitude Scale (altruistic love r = .163, P < .05; friendship love r = -.151, P < .05; passionate love r = -.435, P < .05; practical love r = .220, P < .05; game-playing love r = .213, P < .05; possessive-dependent love r = .439, P < .05), and Self-handicapping Scale (r = .443, P < .05) were calculated. The reliability coefficient for the stability of the scale, which was administered to 102 participants twice with an interval of 4 weeks, was found to be 0.75, revealing that the scale was stable. The Cronbach's internal consistency coefficient on the scale was .81. There was a significant difference between the Turkish form of the Romantic Relationship Sabotage Scale-total score scores, the mean scores of defensiveness, and lack of relationship skills according to gender (P < .05). This study confirms the validity and factor structure of the Turkish version of the Romantic Relationship Sabotage Scale, which is an acceptable tool that can be used to measure the sabotage levels of romantic relationships in individuals.

Study Family Cohesion Prediction Model Based on Differentiation and Attitude to Love: The Mediating Role of Marital Intimacy in Married Women

Aim: The aim of the present research is to examine the predictive model of family cohesion based on differentiation and attitude towards love: the mediating role of marital intimacy in married women. Method: The research is descriptive-correlational, employing structural equation modeling. The study population consisted of all married women in the city of Isfahan who had been married for at least three years and were currently living with their spouses. A total of 225 individuals were selected as the sample using voluntary sampling. The data collection tools included the Fisher Family Cohesion Scale (Fisher et al., 1992), the Skowron and Smith Self-Differentiation Questionnaire (2003), the Hendrix and Hendrix Love Attitude Scale (1997), and the Thompson and Walker Marital Intimacy Questionnaire (1983), all of which have been validated. To achieve the objectives of the present research, initially, a descriptive analysis of the data obtained from the questionnaires was conducted. Subsequently, structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to reduce the independent variables. Results: The results of the data analysis indicated that the second to fifth hypotheses of the research regarding the relationships between the study variables were confirmed. Based on these relationships, in total, 88% of the variations in the dependent variable (family cohesion) were predicted by the variables of the final model. Conclusion: Furthermore, according to the final model obtained from structural equation modeling, the independent variables of attitude towards love, marital intimacy, and differentiation had a direct impact on the family cohesion of married women.

Attitudes Toward Love, Emotional Maturity, and Early Maladaptive Schemas as Predictors of Spouse Selection in People on the Verge of Marriage

Background: In every culture, different criteria are considered for choosing a spouse, and some psychological factors predict spouse selection in people on the verge of marriage. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the role of attitudes toward love, emotional maturity, and early maladaptive schemas in predicting spouse selection in a sample of people on the verge of marriage. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from June to September 2018. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, participants were selected using the convenience sampling method and evaluated by the Love Attitudes Scale, the Emotional Maturity Scale, the Young Early Maladaptive Schema Scale-short form, and the preference criteria of spouse selection inventory. Results: The results showed that Pragma love, lack of independence, and disconnection and rejection were the best predictors of the spouse selection process (R2 = 0.50; F = 11.62; P &lt; 0.001). Also, Eros love, lack of independence, and impaired autonomy and performance were the best predictors of content spouse selection (R2 = 0.66; F = 15.38; P &lt; 0.001). Conclusions: Young people have criteria for selecting a spouse. Pragma love, which is rational love, predicts the spouse selection process, and if content spouse selection is used, Eros love, which is hedonic, is the best predictor. Thus, all family therapists and counselors need to know about this criterion in each area they work.

Predicting desire for marriage based on interpersonal problems mediated by love attitudes

Introduction: Family experts always consider paying attention to the factors that affecting marriage as the most important choice in one's life. Aim: The aim of present study was to predict marriage tendency based on interpersonal problems mediated by love attitude in students. Method: The research was fundamental in terms of purpose and in terms of methods was a structural equation modeling. Population included all female students of Sanandaj Universities in the academic year of 2018-2019. 360 female students chosen by quota non-random sampling method. Instruments were Marriage Desire Questionnaire (MDQ), Interpersonal Problems Questionnaire (IIP-32) and Love Attitude Scale (LAS). Data analyzed by mean, standard deviation, Pearson correlation test and structural equation modeling using SPSS-25 and AMOS- 24 software. Results: Result showed that The direct path of interpersonal problems (-0.16), romantic love (0.30) and selfless love (0.19) to marriage tendency were significant. Also direct path of interpersonal problems (0.40 and 0.30) to romantic and friendly love, Indirect paths of interpersonal problems were significant (p&lt;0.05). Marriage tendency mediating of romantic (- 0.10) and friendly love (-0.02). The path of friendly love to marriage tendency (0.01) and the direct path of interpersonal problems (-0.04) to sacrificial love and indirect path of interpersonal problems to marriage tendency with mediating sacrificial love (-0.002) were not significant (p&gt;0.05). Conclusion: In whole according to finding Romantic and friendly love able to moderate the damage caused by interpersonal problems and motivates the person to marriage.

Loneliness, love attitudes and satisfaction with love life among university students in palestine: Gender differences

The association between loneliness, love styles and satisfaction with love life among Palestinian university students was examined in this study. Gender differences in loneliness, love styles and satisfaction with love life was examined as well as the relationship among these variables. The study included 500 students (63.6% females and 36.4% males), aged between 18 and 26 years. Data were collected using the Loneliness Scale (UCLA), Love Attitudes Scale (LAS), Satisfaction with Love Life Scale (SWLLS) and a Demographic Information Form. Analyses showed that there were no gender differences in loneliness. Significant gender differences were found on ludic, males were more in their love styles than were females. Loneliness was negatively associated with Eros, Storge and Pragma love styles, and with satisfaction with love life. Multiple regression analysis indicated that all the variables accounted for 18% of the variance in loneliness scores. Satisfaction with love life appears to be the best predictor of university student’s loneliness.

Dating Violence: Idealization of Love and Romantic Myths in Spanish Adolescents.

Dating violence is a significant problem among adolescents. It encompasses a variety of violent behavior, from verbal abuse to physical and sexual abuse, from threats to rape and murder. Among young people, idealization of love and romantic myths are very common as a consequence of our culture and society, which lead them to develop dysfunctional relationships that somehow favor and facilitate partner violence and sexist ideas in daily life. Education is the basic tool to eradicate discrimination and violence against women. The objective of this study is to explore the false myths of romantic love in adolescents and their related factors. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 16–19-year-old teenagers (n = 180), through questionnaires and by employing the romantic love myths scale, the ambivalent sexism inventory, and the love attitudes scale. Adolescents accepted to a greater degree the love myths associated with idealization than those related to abuse with scale values of Med = 2.72, SD = 0.55, and Med = 1.34, SD = 0.68, respectively. Designed models predict love idealization on the basis of benevolent sexism (β = 0.03; CI 95% = 0.021–0.039), religion (β = 0.198; CI 95% = 0.047–0.349), passionate love (β = 0.038; CI 95% = 0.015–0.061), practical love (β = 0.024; CI 95% = 0.001–0.047), and friendly love (β = 0.036; CI 95% = 0.014–0.058). Hostile sexism and undergraduate studies were associated with the myths that relate love and abuse (β = 0.19; CI 95% = 0.007–0.031, β = 0.208; CI 95% = 0.001–0.414, respectively).

Variables Associated with Loneliness: Schema Domains, Attachment and Love Attitudes

The aim of the present study is to examine whether the participants with low and high level of loneliness differ in terms of schema domains, adult attachment styles and love attitudes. Examining the mediator role of adult attachment styles and love attitudes between schema domains and loneliness is another aim of the study. The sample of this study consists of 231 participants (160 female, 71 male) between the ages of 17-51. The participants were given Demographic Information Form, along with UCLA Loneliness Scale, Young Schema Questionnaire Short Form, Experiences in Close Relationships Scale and Love Attitudes Scale. The obtained data were evaluated by t-test, Pearson correlation analysis and model test (Bootstrap). According to the results, participants with low and high level of loneliness differed significantly in terms of schema domains (disconection and rejection, impaired autonomy and performance, other directedness and overvigiliance and inhibition), adult attachment styles (anxious and avodiance) and love attitudes (Eros, Ludus and Mania). In model test results of the analysis, anxious attachment style mediates the relationship between other directedness schema domain and loneliness. It was concluded that individuals who have high scores in the other directedness schema domain have high Mania love attitudes and anxious attachment scores, and this situation increased the loneliness of the individuals. The findings are important in understanding the variables that may be associated with loneliness, which is common in society and creates problems in individuals' lives. Keywords: Loneliness, early maladaptive schemas, attachment style, love attitudes

Sex and Relationship Differences on the Short Love Attitude Scale: Insights from the Hungarian Adaptation

Love styles are attitudes towards romantic relationships that are related to sexual motivation, sociosexuality, mate value, and relationship status. In the present study, the Short Love Attitude Scale (LAS-SF) was adapted to Hungarian, and the original factor structure was replicated with a Hungarian sample of 800 participants (439 females, mean age = 38.6 years). The results show that the Hungarian LAS-SF is a reliable and valid measure, which enables cross-cultural comparisons. Differences in love styles were revealed across sexes and relationship statuses. All men except singles scored relatively high on Eros, while the highest Eros scores among women were obtained for those in a committed relationship. Women and men preferred the same strategy (Ludus) to achieve short-term relationship goals.

Self-Esteem, Attitudes toward Love, and Sexual Assertiveness among Pregnant Adolescents.

Adolescence is a stage of growth and development of great relevance. Unplanned teenage pregnancies can be considered a global public health problem due to the high impact on the present and future of these young people, as well as their possible offspring. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between self-esteem, attitudes toward love, and sexual assertiveness among pregnant and non-pregnant teenagers. We also considered whether their pregnancy was planned or not. The study was conducted with 225 women from Ecuador (34.2% pregnant; Mean age = 16; SD = 1.15). We administered self-reported measures such as the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, the Love Attitudes Scale, and the Sexual Assertiveness Scale between 2018 and 2019. Self-esteem was higher in adolescents with a planned pregnancy than in those women whose pregnancy was not planned. Pregnant women reported greater acceptance and endorsement of beliefs related to the myth of “soulmate” in comparison to non-pregnant women. Sexual assertiveness related to the negotiation of the use of contraceptive methods was greater in non-pregnant adolescents than in pregnant girls. We discuss the implications of our findings in terms of sexual education and prevention in the sex education field. This study shows differences in self-esteem, attitudes toward love, and sexual assertiveness between pregnant and non-pregnant adolescents.

Should I Stay or Should I Go? Relationship Satisfaction, Love, Love Styles and Religion Compatibility Predicting the Fate of Relationships

This study aimed to verify variables that affect relationship stability. More specifically, this study examined whether relationship satisfaction, intimacy, passion, decision/commitment, love styles and sharing a religion are related to continuation of dating. The sample was composed of 129 participants involved in a dating relationship, from 13 Brazilian states. The participants individually completed the Relationship Assessment Scale, the Sternberg’s Triangular Love Scale, and the Love Attitudes Scale. After 6 months, participants reported whether they stayed in the same relationship throughout the study. This study verified an influence of love and compatibility of religion on the relationship’s destiny. Participants who continued dating had higher relationship satisfaction, intimacy, and decision/commitment than participants who ended the relationship. Participants who had the same religion as their partners were also more likely to continue dating. These data reinforce the importance of the role of religion, love and relationship satisfaction on the relationship’s success.

Кросс-культурные различия в любовных аттитюдах белорусов и китайцев

Objectives. Study of cross-cultural differences in love attitudes of Belarusians and Chinese. Background. A large number of cross-cultural studies focus on comparing the psychological characteristics of representatives of two polar cultures — individualistic and collectivist. At the same time, little attention is paid to the study and explanation of the differences within each of these cultures. Although it is quite obvious that countries belonging to the same culture may differ significantly due to their cultural-specific features, traditions, state structure, and religions. In this regard, the study was aimed at identifying differences in such a cultural universal as love, namely, in the love attitudes of Belarusians and Chinese, who are representatives of collectivist culture. Study design. The study was conducted using a survey method. For data processing and analysis, descriptive statistics and Student t-test were used. Participants. The respondents were 1344 people, representatives of the Belarusian (men, N=544; women, N=560) and Chinese (men, N=120; women, N=120) samples, aged 17-30 years. Measurements. Love Attitudes Scale by C. Hendrik, S. Hendrik. Results. Chinese men differ from Belarusian men with higher scores of attitudes Agape, Pragma, Mania, Storge and Ludus. Belarusian women differ from Chinese women with higher Eros attitudes. In turn, Chinese women in comparison with Belarus, have higher rates of Pragma, Storge, and Ludus. At¬titudes Eros and Agape occupy the top position in the hierarchy of love attitudes of Belarusian men and women, and attitudes Agape and Pragma — in Chinese. Ludus, regardless of gender and nationality, has the least power. Conclusions. The results of the study contribute to the understanding of differences in love styles depending on belonging to Western and Eastern collectivist subcultures.

Maternal chronic depression affects love styles: A cohort study in Southern Brazil

Given the importance that love has in individuals’ lives, and considering that more specific studies about the relationship between depression and the way people love are lacking, the aim of the current study was to evaluate the effect of major depressive disorder (MDD) on “love styles.” This study was nested in a cohort of adolescent mothers. Women were assessed for MDD at each point of assessment: during pregnancy (T1), at between 30 and 60 postpartum days (T2), and at approximately 30 postpartum months (T3), by using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI PLUS) tool. The Love Attitudes Scale (LAS) was administered to assess the six love styles at T3. Logistic regression analyses were carried out to express the strength of depression on love styles. We found that chronic major depression had the largest effect on the love styles (low Eros, high Mania, and high Agape), followed by current major depression. However, the same association was not observed in the perinatal period. Thus, the assessment of love style is relevant as it seems that an MDD-related injury in maternal life is related to their attitudes about love and there could be possible harmful consequences of these attitudes to the mother and the whole family.

Psychosocial Predictors of Love Satisfaction Among College Students from Madeira

AbstractThis study examined three sets of psychosocial variables (love styles, perceived social support, and social and emotional loneliness) as predictors of satisfaction with love life among 357 college students from Madeira (57% females). The participants completed four scales, including the Love Attitudes Scale (LAS), the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Support (MSPSS), the Social and Emotional Loneliness Scale (SELSA-S), and the Satisfaction with Love Life Scale (SWLLS). Confirmatory factor analysis supported the unidimensionality of the SWLLS among college students in Madeira region. Overall, satisfaction with love life was significantly predicted by indicators of love styles, perceived social support, and social and emotional loneliness, accounting respectively for 51%, 28%, and 60% of the variance being explained. The study provided additional evidence of the importance of love styles, social support and loneliness in satisfaction with love life.