Lot Of Unsolved Problems Research Articles

Innovations in solving current issues in architectural and spatial city environment

Architectural environment is a complex system which requires an integral well-developed approach of space organization. In the area of architectural and space environment there are a lot of unsolved problems. This article refers to one of the most current problems, such as: city parking space management, management of dump disposal spaces, asphalt works, urban greening. These problems can be resolved by using innovations and implementing marketing tools. This article refers to the analysis of existing innovations, based on both domestic and international practices, which occur in architectural and space environment, as well as innovation pros and cons, finding the right problem solutions and proposing of targeted solution for certain some problems.

Efficiency in Portfolio Management of Equity Funds and Methods of Its Evaluation

The paper discusses the key problems of information transparency of mutual funds which impede their development in the domestic financial market. In Russia, open-end mutual funds have not yet fulfilled their potential for retail investors. Earning the trust of private investors for them is complicated by a lot of unsolved problems. The most severe ones relate to the level of transparency and accessibility of information. We analyze some restrictions imposed on efficiency evaluation of equity funds by their investments in foreign financial instruments, the weakness of the benchmarks, and non-transparent information about the investment strategies. The multifactor asset pricing model tailored to the domestic stock market was used as an additional method of evaluating risks and returns of the equity funds. We rationalize that these models allow for internationally standardized analysis of fund performance and can identify fundamental factors which generate sustainable excess return. Our study revealed significant exposure of excess return of the funds to the broad market index and the small-cap equity premium. Since the 2008 financial crisis, the significance of the factor models for fund returns has tended to decline as a result of an increase of foreign assets share in fund portfolios and outfl ows of foreign investors from the Russian stock market. Using different examples of portfolio composition from the equity funds, we show that, under certain conditions, some methods of portfolio rebalancing combined with information on past performance allow investors to gain an excess return.

ECONOMIC JUSTIFICATION OF STEVEDORING ACTIVITY DEVELOPMENT IN UKRAINE ON THE BASIS OF QUEUEING AND STORAGE THEORIES

Topicality. Recent economic-organizational transformations in maritime branch of Ukrainian economics influenced the essential changes in the system of its management, leads up to essential decreasing of state regulation of transportation and transshipment of cargo, to appearance of set independent shipping and stevedoring companies of ports terminals. This fact leads up to the national competition environment�s formation and to increasing the competition in international transportation market. Under these circumstances the Ukrainian enterprises of maritime sector of economics, in particular stevedoring companies of ports terminals are subjected to influences of market�s instability and are faced to necessity of effective regulation of their development from the side of Ministry of infrastructure of Ukraine. One of the main specific features of competition struggle among operators of port�s terminals is necessity of their participation in logistic supply chains of cargo delivery what can strengths their competitive position in the market of stevedoring service. Under modern conditions the successful stevedoring activity is determined by ability of the companies to exchangeable market�s conditions adaptation. Variability of market�s environment in the sphere of stevedoring service demands application of new methods of management of cargo transshipment which must be based on adaptation and flexibility not only managerial decisions but organization structure of stevedoring company itself. When developing the managerial decisions related to port�s infrastructure development it is necessary to take into account the uncertainty of market�s environment and force major factors that are inherent to maritime business, as well. That is why for increasing the effectiveness of Ukrainian stevedoring companies activities the corresponding researches are needed that will allow to develop the conceptual foundations of this activities in the sea ports of regions and corresponding methodical aids that can be used by ports operators and administrations of Ukrainian commercial sea ports in their everyday activity. Despite of the existence of number theoretical and applied works in the field of stevedoring companies activity and economic justification of projects of creation or reconstruction of port�s terminals there exists a lot of unsolved problems concerning methodological foundation of priority directions of ports infrastructure elements development under market�s uncertainty, risks and competition. Aim and tasks. The aim of article is development of method for optimal distribution of investments among port terminals in a region under random fluctuation of cargo flows and competition taking into account the method NPV � Net Present Value � for evaluation of economic results of stevedoring activities. Research results. The methodical approach is proposed for optimal distribution of investments determination directed on creation of berths for terminals of seaports located in same region. It is based on results of queuing and storage theories. The ports terminals are presented as the multi-channel queuing systems of the Poisson-Erlang type with warehouses for cargo storage. Besides, it is supposed that rates of Poisson streams of ships are the non-decreasing functions of number of berths of corresponding terminal. The method of mean current profit of terminal�s operator determination is proposed (for steady-state regime) and discrete optimization problem for number of berths determination is formulated under restricted investment fund. Conclusions. The method of optimal distribution of investments directed on development of ports terminals of a region is proposed. It may be a tool for decision making for State Administration of Sea Ports. Its application allow to increase the effectiveness of terminal operators activity under random fluctuation of cargo flows and taking into account possibility of their ruin. The method proposed id based on results of queueing and storage theories. In the further researches in this direction it is interesting, from theoretical and practical points of view, its generalization for the case of competition among terminals operators.

Новая политика в отношении Вьетнама? Государственное управление Российской Федерации и реализация свободного торгового соглашения с Вьетнамом

The Free Trade Agreement between the Eurasian Economic Union and Vietnam, signed in May 2015, has special political significance for both Eurasian integration and Russian-Vietnamese relations. However, an important issue is the problem of the efficiency of this agreement for the Russian economy. Despite the high level of political contact between Russia and Vietnam, their economic interaction is still at a relatively low level. But at the same time, the FTA is often considered to be a factor that can impact positive influence on economic cooperation between Russia and Vietnam. Focusing on the political meaning of the EAEU-Vietnam FTA, the aim of the article is to research the role of Russian state administration in the development of the free trade zone.The author analyzes the activity of Russian state structures (the Ministry of Economic Development, the Russian Export Center, the Trade Mission in Vietnam etc.) in terms of their assistance in the realization of the FTA, considers the results of their work and makes conclusions on the future prospects of the free trade zone between the EAEU and Vietnam. The Russian state administration has taken part in organizing different events (official summits, roundtables, exhibitions, business forums), assisted in communication between the Russian and Vietnamese business communities, and provided information support. But despite some achievements by the FTA, there are still a lot of unsolved problems and so interaction between state administration and business seems to be a necessary condition for the improvement of Russian-Vietnamese economic cooperation.

Urgent requirements for clinical translational studies in restoration of injured optic nerve

The optic nerve belongs to the central nervous system (CNS). Because of the lack of neurotrophic factors in the micro environment of the CNS and the presence of myelin and glial scar-related inhibitory molecules, and the inherent low renewal potentials of CNS neurons comparing to the peripheral nerve system, it is difficult to spontaneously regenerate the optic nerve after injury. Protecting damaged retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), supplementing neurotrophic factor, antagonizing axon regeneration inhibitory factor, and regulating the inherent regeneration potential of RGCs can effectively promote the regeneration and repair of optic nerve. Basic research has made important progress, including the restoration of visual function, but there are still a lot of unsolved problems in clinical translation of these achievements, so far there is no ideal method of treatment of optic nerve injury. Therefore, it is rather urgent to strengthen the cooperation between basic and clinical research, to promote the transformation of basic research to the clinical applications as soon as possible, which will change the unsatisfactory clinical application status. Key words: Optic nerve injury; Retinal ganglion cells; Axons; Editorial

Waste heat and water recovery from natural gas boilers: Parametric analysis and optimization of a flue-gas-driven open absorption system

The open absorption system can recover water and latent heat from industrial flue gases with a higher return water temperature than conventional condensing boilers. In spite of the high efficiency, there are still a lot of unsolved problems in real applications, including the steady operation control and the optimal parameter selection. In this paper, we established a whole-cycle simulation model of a flue-gas-driven open absorption system, which was validated by various experiments to be capable of predicting the operating states of every working fluid for all kinds of actual conditions. Based on this model, we analyzed the actual performance of the system with varying temperatures, flow rates and humidity in a large range. We found that the balance between the vapor absorption and vapor generation is crucial for the optimal operation of the system. The real-time flow rate of the circulating solution should be adjusted with the varying working conditions to achieve the optimal system performance. We further proposed an optimized system based on the theoretical analysis, which can enhance the overall performance by redistributing the circulating solution within the system. The optimized scheme was well demonstrated by experiments with different flue gas humidity ratios. Compared with the original system, the heat recovery and the water recovery of the optimized one were increased by 3.0–23.8% and 5.1–41.4%, respectively, when the split ratio (flow rate ratio of the regenerating solution and the spraying solution) was varied between 0.8 and 0.2. The whole-cycle simulation results and the proposed optimization scheme will evidently contribute to the efficiency improvement of industrial waste heat recovery.

A Survey of Crowd Sensing Opportunistic Signals for Indoor Localization

Sensor-rich smartphone enables a novel approach to training the fingerprint database for mobile indoor localization via crowd sensing. In this survey, we discuss the crowd sensing based mobile indoor localization in terms of foundational knowledge, signals of fingerprints, trajectory of obtaining fingerprints, indoor maps, evolution of a fingerprint database, positioning algorithms, state-of-the-art solutions, and challenges. The survey concludes that the crowd sensing is a low cost solution of generating and updating an organic fingerprint database. Although the crowd sensing concept is widely accepted by the academic community in these years, there are a lot of unsolved problems which hinder the concept of transferring into a practical system. We address the challenges and predict future trends in the end.

PRIORITY DIRECTIONS OF DEVELOPMENT OF HOUSING AND COMMUNAL SERVICES

The modernization of the Russian economy is impossible without a systematic approach to the development of a modern infrastructure of housing and communal services. This requires the adoption of measures to improve the efficiency of the housing stock, the modernization of municipal infrastructure, improve the quality and reliability of delivery of municipal resources, introduction of modern technologies. Problems of housing and communal services are particularly relevant for urban areas - areas of cities and towns where there is an extensive network of engineering infrastructure. The analysis of development of the municipality "City of Makhachkala" showed that although the municipal administration carried out serious work on the development of housing and communal services, today in the field of city life is still a lot of unsolved problems. The package of measures, directed on improvement and further development of the housing-and-municipal sphere is developed.

Application Status of the Technology of Logging While Drilling

The data of Logging While Drilling is used for Geosteering and evaluation of layers. Compared with traditional logging, LWD has its own advantages, real-time, security, and it could obtain original information of the destination formation.With the rapid development of logging tools design, LWD tools have a large improvement, and various tools used for measuring the parameters of layers have been designed and applied , resistivity imaginary logging tool, MPR, InSite ADR, Shock Wave have been invited and innovated. However, there are still a lot of unsolved problems existing, such as interpretation of logging, the accuracy of the evaluation on layers and so on. Therefore, numerous work need to be done in the future.

SOME RESULTS ON KRONECKER PRODUCTS AND COMMUTATION MATRICES

There are a lot of unsolved problems or issues regarding Kronecker products, vec-operator and Commutation matrices. We derived further properties and results of Kronecker products, vec-operator and Commutation Matrices.

Legal aspects with regard to integrated care: a long way to go

Legal aspects with regard to integrated care: a long way to go

Introduction: Some challenges for adaptive and innovative systems in the next future

One of the most efficient ways to investigate new directions and to find innovative solutions to unsolved problems is certainly to encourage the crossover between several research domains, including various business, economics and logistical, as well as scientific and technological disciplines comprising energy and resource industries, environmental and ecological systems, computer and automation sciences, risk and engineering management, human and material organisations. A lot of unsolved problems exist in all these research areas. Some examples of challenging issues are presented in this introductory paper according to a non-exhaustive selection of domains.

The reception box impact on home delivery efficiency in the e‐grocery business

Home delivery of groceries is not yet a very popular service among consumers. One reason for the slow progress has been the time‐consuming and expensive ordering process. In recent years, Internet‐based solutions have solved most of the problems related to the order transaction process – making ordering simpler, cheaper and faster. However, there are still a lot of unsolved problems in the e‐grocery business. One of the biggest obstacles is inefficient home delivery. This paper examines how different solutions for goods receipt affect home‐delivery efficiency. Different alternatives for receiving the goods are presented and the service levels of these concepts are described from the consumer’s point of view. In addition, the costs for the e‐grocer are studied. The efficiency of using a reception box is demonstrated by simulating two alternative receiving concepts.

電気泳動成形とその制御因子

There are two representative forming methods for ceramics such as pressure forming, which gives dynamic pressure to raw materials directly, and slip casting using capillalry attraction. In addition, there is an electrophoretic forming(electrophoretic and electroosmotic forming), which has been discussed as the third forming method, making use of surface charge of raw materials. Electrophoretic phenomena is explicated theoretically in an dilute system and there are many applications. However, it has a lot of unsolved problems in a concentrated system and its application is limited. And there are few industrial applications aiming at forming.In this paper, the fundamentals and the control factors of the electrophoretic (electroosmotic) forming, using natural inorganic materials as a starting material will be discussed. In addition, using these theory, continuous forming technology will also be discussed.