Lost Values Research Articles

Description and analysis of Sigfox received signal strength indicator dataset by using statistical techniques

Low power wide area network (LPWAN) technology has expanded and is essential in the development of applications for the internet of things (IoT). The Sigfox LPWAN network is characterized by its long-range coverage, low cost and power consumption. In this article, a set of 5174 values is analyzed, containing 1606 null RSSI data, obtained with the Sipy module and MicroPython, which provide a coverage map of several points with a resolution of 200 meters deployed in Quito–Ecuador. It is evaluated the type of distribution to which the set of network measurements is adjusted and an optimal 900 MHz propagation model in suburban environments is determined from the measurements obtained from the known base station. As a result, the lost values of RSSI were predicted using the inverse normal distribution method in the original values, observing that they conform to a logistic distribution. The data from the base station were subjected to a data augmentation algorithm designed in MATLAB, determining that the stanford university interim (SUI) model reduces the precision error in the trend of the curve by not presenting changes greater than 5 dB, achieving a precision of 97% with respect to the fit of the curve of the data.

Selected issues concerning the legal and factual protection of contemporary cultural property in Poland

Selected issues concerning the legal and factual protection of contemporary cultural property in Poland

Towards a postmissionary review of mission station names in the Church of Christ in Zimbabwe

Christian missions are historically captured in the construction of mission stations that facilitated religious instruction to advance the gospel with unintended consequences, such as an extension of missionary-colonial ideologies and attitudes. This article discusses how these were captured in mission station naming, inclusive of erroneous or misspelt names. This makes it necessary for the Church of Christ in Zimbabwe’s (COCZ) rural membership, commonly around mission stations, to rename these centres. The distortion of history on mission stations like Dadaya calls for the renaming of the station so as to recover lost values and culture, and the significance of the ecology to Africans. Our discovery of Dadaya macrops, an Asiatic marine species of water flea found in freshwater in this study, denies the assumption that Dadaya was a misspelling of Dayataya. This makes us assume that Dadaya was an idolatrous symbol for missionaries that rhymed with local isotopes to mentally drawn local communities. Norming the mission station, missionaries named Dadaya to transmit images, symbols and meanings known to New Zealand supporting churches. Dayataya Hills has been used as a scapegoat to validate their Dadaya macrops symbol. This study probes into the need to correct and guide people in renaming the mission station. Renaming transforms Dadaya into an African mission station. The article used critical discourse analysis (CDA) from purposive snowball interview results and a hermeneutic of suspicion to probe into naming the mission station.Contribution: The article is interdisciplinary involving missionary history, humanity, socialisation, missiology, literature and education. it contributes to knowledge through decentering on African discourses, contextualisation, christianisation and decolonised church of christ positioned for healing and transformation where church names are not used for perpetuate Westernisation in African context.

Complexity of Rule Sets Mined from Incomplete Data Using Probabilistic Approximations Based on Characteristic Sets

Real data sets are often incomplete. In mining such data it is important to identify the types of missing data, such as missing completely at random, missing at random, and missing not at random. In this paper we focus on two interpretation of missing values: lost values and “do not care” conditions. Using those interpretations global and saturated probabilistic approximations are constructed from characteristic sets. Thus four different data mining methods: two kinds of missing attribute values and two kinds of probabilistic approximations are considered. In our previous study, it was shown that pairwise differences in an error rate, evaluated by ten-fold cross validation between these four methods of data mining are statistically insignificant (5% level of significance). Hence, we explore the next important problem: when the rule set complexity is the smallest. We show that the rule set complexity is the smallest when missing attribute values are interpreted as “do not care” conditions. The difference between using both kinds of probabilistic approximations is insignificant.

Effectiveness and safety of tetanus vaccine administration by intramuscular vs. subcutaneous route in anticoagulated patients: Randomized clinical trial in primary care.

Prospective, double-blind clinical trial comparing tetanus-diphtheria vaccine administration routes, intramuscular (IM) vs. subcutaneous (SC) injection, in patients with oral anticoagulants. ISRCTN69942081. Patients treated with oral anticoagulants, 15 health centers, Vigo (Spain). Sample size, 117 in each group. Safety analysis: systemic reactions and, at the vaccine administration site, erythematic, swelling, hematoma, granuloma, pain.Effectiveness analysis: differences in tetanus toxoid antibody titers.Independent variables: route, sex, age, baseline serology, number of doses administered. Following the CONSORT guidelines, we performed an intention-to-treat analysis. We conducted a descriptive study of the variables included in both groups (117 in each group) and a bivariate analysis. Fewer than 5% of missing values. Imputation in baseline and final serology with the median was performed. Lost values were assumed to be values missing at random. We conducted a descriptive study of the variables and compared routes. For safety, multivariate logistic regression was applied, with each safety criterion as outcome and the independent variables. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated. For effectiveness, a generalized additive mixed model, with the difference between final and initial antibody titers as outcome. Due to the bimodal distribution of the outcome, the normal mixture fitting with gamlssMX was used. All statistical analyses were performed with the gamlss.mx and texreg packages of the R free software environment. A previously published protocol was used across the 6-year study period. The breakdown by sex and route showed: 102 women and 132 men; and 117 IM and 117 SC, with one dose administered in over 80% of participants. There were no differences between groups in any independent variable. The second and third doses administered were not analyzed, due to the low number of cases. In terms of safety, there were no severe general reactions. Locally, significant adjusted differences were observed: in pain, by sex (male, OR: 0.39) and route (SC, OR: 0.55); in erythema, by sex (male, OR: 0.34) and route (SC, OR: 5.21); and in swelling, by sex (male, OR: 0.37) and route (SC, OR: 2.75). In terms of effectiveness, the model selected was the one adjusted for baseline serology.

School Values that are Light-Resistant Niches

Value education in school means developing good qualities and good behavioural changes in human beings. Schools are not isolated in society, and violence in school is an extension of violence against children in society. It includes many components such as human development, individual development, social development, cultural development in the individual, etc. In any case, all human values are related to each person individually. They are living in an insecure society in an environment where all individual moral values have collapsed at a time when individual crimes have increased. In this context, teachers seek to make students aware of higher education, the new economy, the superiority of labour, feminism, the children's world, the lost values, the complexities of human relationships, and the difference between living and existing.

Values Lost in Society in the Eyes of Academics

Although there are numerous studies and discussions about the concept of value, it is claimed to lack an objective basis. The concept of value is difficult to define from a single perspective because it relates to many disciplines, especially the social sciences. Philosophy, sociology, psychology, religious sciences, anthropology, and historical sciences have attributed different meanings to the concept of value. However, the fact that the concept of value is related to human behavior has been a common point in all disciplines of social sciences. Values are essential in terms of social sciences because they interpret human behavior (Ulusoy & Dilmaç, 2016). Therefore, this study aimed to determine what academics thought about the core values lost in society and what kind of solutions they offered to that problem. The sample consisted of 16 academics from Van Yuzuncu Yıl University/Turkey. The sample consisted of 12 men and 4 women. The study adopted a qualitative research design. Data were collected using a semi-structured interview questionnaire consisting of open-ended questions. The data were analyzed using descriptive analysis. The findings focused on participants’ views of the concept of values, the values lost in society, values problems, and solutions to the lost values.

Comparison of Seventeen Missing Value Imputation Techniques

Copious data are collected and put away each day. That information can be utilized to extricate curiously designs. However, the information that we collect is ordinarily inadequate. Presently, utilizing that information to extricate any data may allow deceiving comes about. Utilizing that, we pre-process the information to exterminate the variations from the norm. In case of a low rate of lost values, those occurrences can be overlooked, but, in the case of huge sums, overlooking them will not allow wanted results. Many lost spaces in a dataset could be a huge issue confronted by analysts because it can lead to numerous issues in quantitative investigations. So, performing any information mining procedures to extricate a little good data out of a dataset, a few pre-processings of information can be done to dodge such paradoxes and, in this manner, move forward the quality of information. For handling such lost values, numerous methods have been proposed since 1980. The best procedure is to disregard the records containing lost values. Another method is ascription, which includes supplanting those lost spaces with a few gauges by doing certain computations. This would increment the quality of information and would extemporize forecast comes about. This paper gives an audit on methods for handling lost information like median imputation (MDI), hot (cold) deck imputation, regression imputation, expectation maximization (EM), support vector machine imputation (SVMI), multivariate imputation by chained equation (MICE), SICE technique, reinforcement programming, nonparametric iterative imputation algorithms (NIIA), and multilayer perceptrons. This paper also explores some good options of methods to estimate missing values to be used by other researchers in this field of study. Also, it aims to help them to figure out what method is commonly used now. The overview may also provide insight into each method and its advantages and limitations to consider for future research in this field of study. It can be a baseline to answer the questions of which techniques have been used and which is the most popular.

Incomplete three-way multi-attribute group decision making based on adjustable multigranulation Pythagorean fuzzy probabilistic rough sets

Different from the traditional two-way decision paradigm, three-way decisions (3WD) have been extensively explored in addressing realistic multi-attribute decision making (MADM) by virtue of its powerful performances in minimizing decision risks with the added non-commitment option. Since existing 3WD models can not efficiently handle MADM issues in the group setting with incomplete high-order fuzzy information systems (ISs), the current paper focuses on exploring viable three-way multi-attribute group decision making (MAGDM) methods in light of the multi-granularity 3WD paradigm under incomplete Pythagorean fuzzy (PF) environments. First, the notion of Multigranulation (MG) incomplete PF ISs is constructed. Then, optimistic, pessimistic and adjustable MG PF probabilistic rough sets (PRSs) are proposed after patching lost values. Afterwards, the decision-making-driven 3WD method is extended via adjustable MG PF PRSs, and an improved technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) method with entropy weights is utilized for optimal granularity selections. According to adjustable MG PF PRSs and the improved TOPSIS method, a new three-way MAGDM method is eventually established. At last, two case studies are investigated in the background of mine ventilator fault diagnosis (MVFD) and air quality evaluations (AQE), and several comparative experiments and sensitivity analysis are performed for presenting the effectiveness of the constructed theoretical methodology.

Multiple attribute group decision making based on multigranulation probabilistic models, MULTIMOORA and TPOP in incomplete q-rung orthopair fuzzy information systems

The concept of q-rung orthopair fuzzy sets (q-ROFSs) severs as an extended form of orthopair fuzzy sets, which excels in flexibly depicting imprecise information existed in multiple attribute group decision making (MAGDM) via allowing a greater space in terms of membership degrees (MD) and non-membership degrees (ND). Moreover, incomplete information systems play a significant role in depicting incomplete information existed in MAGDM. In this paper, for the sake of exploring MAGDM with imprecise and incomplete information, a new MAGDM method based on multigranulation probabilistic models, MULTIMOORA (Multi-Objective Optimization by Ratio Analysis plus the full MULTIplicative form) and the technique of precise order preference (TPOP) method in incomplete q-rung orthopair fuzzy (q-ROF) information systems is systematically investigated. First, the concept of multigranulation (MG) incomplete q-ROF information systems is established. Then, a completion technique is put forward to obtain MG q-ROF information systems via patching lost values. Moreover, three versions of MG q-ROF probabilistic rough sets (PRSs) are put forward in light of MG q-ROF information systems. Afterwards, a new MAGDM method is constructed by means of MG q-ROF PRSs, MULTIMOORA and the TPOP method. At last, two experimental studies from open datasets are performed to present the applicability of the constructed MAGDM method, and corresponding sensitivity analysis and comparative analysis are further conducted to demonstrate the validity of the presented methodology.

A New Approach to Constructing Maximal Consistent Blocks for Mining Incomplete Data

A maximal consistent block technique is used for mining incomplete data sets. Initially, the idea of maximal consistent blocks was introduced for data sets with missing attribute values interpreted as “do not care” conditions. In such data, missing attribute values may be replaced by any existing attribute value. In this paper, we analyze existing algorithms for computing maximal consistent blocks and show that some algorithms may output blocks that are not maximal, especially for data sets with non-transitive characteristic relations. We also introduce a new approach for computing maximal consistent blocks from incomplete data, with two interpretations of missing attribute values: lost values and “do not care” conditions. We indicated that the obtained consistent blocks are maximal and our approach is faster than the commonly used method of generating maximal consistent blocks based on characteristic relation.

Ethno-Regionalism And Political Party Loyalty In The Gambia: A Fracture In The Newly-Found-Democracy

This article interrogates what inspires the resurgence of ethno-regional political party loyalty in contemporary Gambian politics. It explores the relationship between ethnicity/regionalism and political party affiliation and the possible impact of ethnic politics on ideal democratic ethos and development in the small West African state. The article demonstrates how people sought security to reduce the uncertainty they face in a seemingly competitive and hostile world through the invocation of firm lost values as a way to rebuild a life in which they can achieve emotional and perhaps, physical safety. The study adopts a qualitative method of data collection, using a purposive sampling technique to select a sample size of 30; it relied extensively, inter alia, on the use of primary data obtained from the Independent Electoral Commission (IEC) The Gambia, and as well as secondary data sources. The study reveals that ethno-regionalism continues to influence partisan loyalty and thus electoral outcomes in The Gambia. It further reveals that the turbulent pre and immediate post-2016 Presidential election of The Gambia resulted in ethnic motivated political party loyalty, fear of violent reprisals, and accusatory rhetoric. This in a way, resulted from political elites' exploit of people's ethnic consciousness in an attempt to oust President Jammeh in 2016. The split-over effect of this continues to jeopardise the corporate existence of various identities in the country and strain efforts to build a peaceful, harmonious, and prosperous Gambia.

Kathryn D. Temple. Loving Justice: Legal Emotions in William Blackstone’s England.

Kathryn D. Temple. <i>Loving Justice: Legal Emotions in William Blackstone’s England</i>.

Comparative Examination of Motifs and the Representation of Identies in Selected Works of Kamau Brathwaite and Helene Johnson

This paper is an attempt to consider the deployment of literary motifs to discuss the representation of identities in the selected works of Kamau Brathwaite and Helene Johnson. The analysis was informed by the need to identify the adherence to the preponderant theme of the quest for identity and the representation of identities in American Literary tradition. This study critically appraised and analyzed the development of the African-American and Caribbean literary traditions within the conscious space of displacement and identity renegotiation. The study revealed that the selected and critically pieces of the writers amplify the similarity or uniformity in the sociohistorical experiences of displacement from the root, search for identity and reinstatement of lost values in the enabling milieus of the writers.

ЧЕРТЫ ТРАГИЧЕСКОГО ГУМАНИЗМА В МОНУМЕНТАЛЬНОМ ТВОРЧЕСТВЕ 1940-Х ГГ.

The theme of immortality as eternal life, which took an important place in the art of the period of the Great Patriotic War / World War II, was most fully expressed in the projects of memorial architecture. The competitions for projects of city centers, monuments and memorials, which were already widely held in those years, became a noticeable phenomenon of artistic life, and the graphic works themselves show that the very content of the concepts of memory and remembrance during the war years underwent significant changes. The attitude to memory becomes an essential dimension of the concept of memoriality; with the saturation of memory by symbols, a new interaction of the perceiving, experiencing and interpreting consciousness appears. That is how the mythologeme of Return is realized and the cultural tissues damaged by the revolution are regenerated. The study of the archetypal concepts of Life, Death, and Immortality in architecture, the visual arts in connection with similar phenomena in journalism and wartime poetry, allows one to understand how the return to lost values is reflected in artistic imagery, affects the cultural climate of the era, endows it with the features of tragic humanism

현대사회의 위기와 가치회복의 문학적 형상화 - 루이스 세뿔베다의 작품을 중심으로 -

현대사회의 위기와 가치회복의 문학적 형상화 - 루이스 세뿔베다의 작품을 중심으로 -

Complexity of rule sets in mining incomplete data using characteristic sets and generalized maximal consistent blocks

Abstract In this paper, missing attribute values in incomplete data sets have three possible interpretations: lost values, attribute-concept values and ‘do not care’ conditions. For rule induction, we use characteristic sets and generalized maximal consistent blocks. Therefore, we apply six different approaches for data mining. As follows from our previous experiments, where we used an error rate evaluated by ten-fold cross validation as the main criterion of quality, no approach is universally the best. Thus, we decided to compare our six approaches using complexity of rule sets induced from incomplete data sets. We show that the smallest rule sets are induced from incomplete data sets with attribute-concept values, while the most complicated rule sets are induced from data sets with lost values. The choice between interpretations of missing attribute values is more important than the choice between characteristic sets and generalized maximal consistent blocks.

Las herrerías del monasterio de San Julián de Samos según los expedientes de desamortización

Entre finales de 1835 y principios de 1836 se redactaron los llamados inventarios de las herrerías del monasterio de San Julián de Samos, dentro del proceso desamortizador en el que, de forma general, se vieron envueltas todas las casas religiosas españolas. En el presente artículo proponemos utilizar estos documentos como recurso de aproximación al estudio de dichas herrerías en el momento de producirse su secularización, con el objetivo final de dar a conocer una parte de su historia, recuperar valores hoy perdidos y, en definitiva, entender cómo eran y cómo estaban organizados los distintos espacios de lo que hoy es un patrimonio industrial monacal desaparecido o muy transformado.&#x0D; &#x0D; [gl] Entre finais de 1835 e comezos de 1836 redactáronse os chamados inventarios das ferrerías do mosteiro de San Xulián de Samos, dentro do proceso de desamortización no que, de forma xeral, se viron envoltas tódalas casas relixiosas españolas. No presente artigo propoñemos utilizar estes documentos como recurso de aproximación ao estudo de ditas ferrerías no momento de producirse a súa secularización, co obxectivo final de dar a coñecer unha parte da súa historia, recuperar valores hoxe perdidos e, en definitiva, entender como eran e como estaban organizados os distintos espazos do que hoxe é un patrimonio industrial monacal desaparecido ou moi transformado.

Complexity of Rule Sets Mined from Incomplete Data Using Probabilistic Approximations Based on Generalized Maximal Consistent Blocks

Abstract In this paper, incomplete data sets have two kinds of missing attribute vales: lost values and “do not care” conditions. Lost values are interpreted as erased or as not inserted into the data set, while “do not care” conditions may be replaced by any specified attribute value. In addition, we use two kinds of probabilistic approximations, global and saturated. Both probabilistic approximations are constructed from generalized maximal consistent blocks. Since we are using two kinds of missing attribute values and two kinds of probabilistic approximations, we use four different ways of data mining. In our previous study, it was shown that pairwise differences in an error rate, evaluated by ten-fold cross validation between these four ways of data mining are statistically insignificant (5% level of significance). Hence, we explore the next important problem: when the rule sets will be the simplest. We show that the total number of rules is the smallest when missing attribute values are interpreted as “do not care” conditions. The difference between using both kinds of probabilistic approximations is insignificant.

Orhan Pamuk'un Kafamda Bir Tuhaflık Romanında Yitirilmiş Değerler

Orhan Pamuk made an important contribution to the recognition of Turkish novel to the world and was considered worthy a Nobel Prize for Literature in 2006. Pamuk has published works that draw attention to both cultural and aesthetic sense with his novels in Turkish literature. The novel A Strangeness in My Mind, published in the last days of 2014, is a work showing the author’s cultural and aesthetic heritage. However, this novel is separated from his previous works in many ways such as subject handled, the way of handling place and heroes lives mentioned. Whereas Pamuk describes the lives of more educated, cultured, Western and bourgeois people in Istanbul, he deals with small lives of ordinary, poor, uneducated and living with a traditional sensitivity, emigrated from village to Istanbul in especially the novel A Strangeness in My Mind. The author describes people migrating from the village to the city in terms of values that seem to disappear in lineclosetosocialrealities. He questionned the family and the family relationship, professions lost their importance, the measures of love and trustiness in a background of the novel in terms of values. In this article, the novel A Strangeness in My Mind will be examined in the context of lost values from moral, social, political, religious, economic, aesthetic, scientific, national and legal. It will be tried to reveal the author’s writing about contrasts between traditional and modern, rural and urban, materialistic and spirituality, good and bad, poor and rich, naive and cunning in lives/matters through lost and degenerated facts. Although A Strangeness in My Mind is a massive and complex work in a structural way, it pays attention with questioning in terms of almost lost values, justice, perpetuating the past and the consciousness of being human.