<List><ListItem><ItemContent> • Research findings on the insect-virus interaction </ItemContent></ListItem><ListItem><ItemContent> • Influences of immunity, feeding and microorganisms on virus transmission </ItemContent></ListItem><ListItem><ItemContent> • Latest applications for virus control strategies </ItemContent></ListItem></List> About 80% of plant viruses are transmitted by specific insect vectors, especially hemipterans with piercing-sucking mouthparts. Many virus-transmitting insects are also important crop pests that cause considerable losses in crop production. This review summarizes the latest research findings on the interactions between plant viruses and insect vectors and analyzes the key factors affecting insect transmission of plant viruses from the perspectives of insect immunity, insect feeding, and insect symbiotic microorganisms. Additionally, by referring to the latest applications for blocking the transmission of animal viruses, potential control strategies to prevent the transmission of insect-vectored plant viruses using RNAi technology, gene editing technology, and CRISPR/Cas9+ gene-driven technology are discussed.