Loss Allocation In Distribution Networks Research Articles

Study of distribution network loss allocation with high photovoltaic penetration ratio

With the rapid development of renewable energy, the penetration ratio of photovoltaic (PV) in the distribution network is getting higher and higher. The fair and reasonable allocation of high loss caused by high PV penetration in the distribution network is of great significance to the healthy development of distribution systems. In order to study the loss allocation in distribution networks with high PV penetration, based on the cooperative game theory, combined with the power flow algorithm, the power flow and loss of the 72-node active distribution network in agricultural and pastoral areas were analyzed. Three scenarios were included: no PV, low PV penetration, and high PV penetration. The allocated loss of the distribution network with high PV penetration and multiple distributed generators was computed. The results show that the loss allocation method, which takes into account the power as well as the network topology, is applicable to distribution networks with multiple distributed generators. In distribution networks with high PV penetration, distributed generators are the main cause of high loss. If the network contains the extreme reverse power flow concerned in this paper, the loss allocated to DGs accounts for more than 95% of the total network power loss.

Transaction-Tracing Based Loss Allocation in Distribution Networks Under TE System

With distributed energy resources momentum undoubtedly underway at the distribution level, there is a call for new flexible coordination mechanisms that permit the prosumers to engage in the local transactions. The transactive energy system is posited to afford such energy marketplace in the retail zone that facilitates the energy transactions between local entities through peer-to-peer contracts. Under such agreement, prosumer can sell its excess power to consumers by participating in energy trading. However, significant losses will incur in the distribution network due to energy transport between the buyers and sellers. This calls for an efficient and fair loss allocation framework. Moreover, the adopted allocation mechanism must consider the unbalanced nature of power flow allied to the distribution system for effective recovery. With this view, this article presents a transaction-tracing based loss allocation scheme for assigning the network losses incurred due to the transactions occurring between peers in a dynamic environment. The transaction paths of a 3Phase-4Wire system are derived using a graph-based method. The analysis is executed on a 33-bus distribution network and the results are compared with the branch current decomposition method to confirm the impartiality of the proposed approach. The result shows that the devised method performs well under different loadings and allocates the losses fairly between the network participants during all transactions.

Loss allocation in distribution networks with distributed generators undergoing network reconfiguration

In this paper, a branch exchange based heuristic network reconfiguration method is proposed for obtaining an optimal network in a deregulated power system. A unique bus identification scheme is employed which makes the load flow and loss calculation faster due to its reduced search time under varying network topological environment. The proposed power loss allocation technique eliminates the effect of cross-term analytically from the loss formulation without any assumptions and approximations. The effectiveness of the proposed reconfiguration and loss allocation methods are investigated by comparing the results obtained by the present approach with that of the existing “Quadratic method” using a 33-bus radial distribution system with/without DGs.

Tracing Power With Circuit Theory

Power tracing is the task of disaggregating the power injection of a generator (or a load) into a sum of constituent components that can unambiguously be attributed to loads (generators) and losses. Applications of power tracing range the broad spectrum of: transmission services pricing, loss allocation in distribution networks, fixed-cost allocation, modelling bilateral transactions, and financial storage rights. This paper develops an analytical approach to power tracing leveraging elementary circuit laws. The method is rigorous from a system-theoretic vantage point, and it yields unambiguous results that are consistent with constitutive principles that describe the steady-state behaviour of power networks. Moreover, it can be implemented with limited computational burden, applies to networks with arbitrary topologies, and preserves the coupling between active- and reactive-power injections. Numerical experiments indicate that given a solved power-flow solution, disaggregations can be computed for a test system with 2383 buses, 327 generators, and 2056 loads in 4.34 s on a personal computer, hence establishing computational scalability. Furthermore, applications are demonstrated in distribution and transmission networks with case studies focused on quantifying the impact of distributed generation on loss allocation and extracting nodal contributions to bilateral transactions, respectively.

Loss Allocation in Distribution Networks Based on Aumann–Shapley

This paper outlines a procedure for loss allocation in both radial and meshed distribution networks with distributed generation that could be regulated in various ways. The method is analytically developed based on the theory of electrical circuits combined with game theory based on Aumann–Shapley, which guarantees both the electrical principles and the fair axioms of game theory. The proposed method obtains unitary participation coefficients for each network user based on the currents demanded/injected by each user and the network topology. The proposed allocation method based on Aumann–Shapley has been compared with other traditional allocation methods, is adaptable to distribution networks, and shows great potential and ease of implementation. Moreover, it can be applied to any kind of distribution network (radial or meshed) with distributed energy resources.

Cost Loss Allocation in Distribution Networks with High Penetration of Distributed Renewable Generation - A Comparative Study

Cost Loss Allocation in Distribution Networks with High Penetration of Distributed Renewable Generation - A Comparative Study

Loss Allocation in Distribution Networks With Embedded Generation

This paper addresses the allocation of electrical losses in distribution networks with embedded generation, in a liberalized environment. The nonlinear nature of the issue, the loss changes due to voltage variation and, specially, the contribution of embedded generation to loss variation are considered. The proposed method is based on tracing the real and imaginary parts of the currents and has two steps. First, the losses in the distribution network, in the absence of embedded generation, are allocated to the consumers (or their providers). Second, the variations in the losses that result from the influence of embedded generation are allocated to the generators. These variations are a measure of the avoided or added costs related to losses. In the allocation process, made in a branch basis, both real and reactive powers are considered. The methodology presented in this paper can be used to evaluate embedded generation incentives or to design tariffs for the use of the distribution network.