Loose-fitting Clothing Research Articles

Human activity tracking using wearable sensors in loose-fitting clothes: survey

Human activity tracking using wearable sensors in loose-fitting clothes: survey

The effects of tight or loose-fitting clothing on markerless gait kinematics in adults

The effects of tight or loose-fitting clothing on markerless gait kinematics in adults

Body Shape Perception in Relation to the Apparel Choices of the Young and Late Adult Women of Peshawar

The current study was conducted to examine how young and older women in the Peshawar city perceive their body image which influences their clothing choices. The selected sample of women whose age ranged between 20-50 years were evaluated by using the Stunkard body image measure. The correlation between actual body mass index (BMI) and perceived body image was significant indicated by 39% of female population having a favorable impression of their bodies. Women with a poor body image often use clothing to camouflage their protruding body parts. Positive body image leads to a preference for fitting clothing, while negative body image favors loose-fitting clothing. The study also examined the impact of patterns on women's body image, finding that women enjoyed all types of prints in their attire. The study would be distinctive in the field of fashion industry which enable a woman in identifying real body image (BMI) and perceived body image, hence help in designing attires to camouflage minor flaws.

Heatstroke: Most hazardous condition in summer

Beyond 40 degrees Celsius, the core body temperature can cause psychological anomalies like delirium and coma. Heatstroke, often called sunstroke or heatstroke, is the most severe form of hyperthermia or a sickness brought on by high heat. Death, organ failure, or brain damage can result from heat stroke. It's possible to think of heatstroke as a tropical form of neurodegeneration, especially among unfamiliar visitors to warm climates. Incidence rates for various heat illnesses in women ranged from 1.30 to 2.89 per 1000 persons per year and 0.98 to 1.98 per 1000 person-years, respectively, compared to men. By the year 2050, the annual baseline number of deaths from heat stroke is expected to have increased by nearly 2.5 times from its current level. Nearly 21.7% of elderly patients contacted emergency departments due to heat stroke. Wearing loose-fitting clothing, using wet towels, taking showers, avoiding engaging in excessive physical activity outside in hot and hazardous weather, and staying hydrated are a few ways to prevent heat stroke. From 2006 to 2010, there were 3332 deaths attributed to heat stroke.

Topikalne farmaceutske formulacije za negu kože izložene jonizujućem zračenju

Radiotherapy as the application of ionizing radiation is one of the main current therapeutic modalities for cancer. However, one of the most frequent adverse effects of this therapeutic strategy is radiodermatitis, which significantly affects quality of patients' lives. Nowadays, there is no consensus on the appropriate therapy of radiodermatitis, however there are basic recommendations that should be followed. The aim of this study was to make a review of current recommendations during radiotherapy for the prevention of radiodermatitis through application or avoidance of application of certain topical pharmaceutical formulations. Most studies proposed the adequate personal hygiene as a general preventive measure. Basic recommendations also include wearing loose-fitting clothing, using an electric shaver, sunscreens, moisturizers, and avoiding alcohol and cigarettes. According to the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer (MASCC), the only recommendation for the prevention and treatment of radiodermatitis is gentle washing using mild soap, as well as the use of topical steroids and silver sulfadiazine. Some studies report the possibility of using photobiomodulatory therapy in the prevention of radiodermatitis, as well as non-corticosteroid creams based on aloe, hyaluronic acid, calendula and comfrey. The use of comedogenic topical preparations, those containing alcohol, benzoyl peroxide and/or alpha-hydroxy acids, as well as those containing potential contact allergens and irritants, should be avoided. Adequate guidelines supported by strong evidence and consensus do not exist, and many recommendations were later refuted. Therefore, further research in this field is necessary to find a satisfying solution for an issue of radiation dermatitis.

DeepProfile: Accurate Under-the-Clothes Body Profile Estimation

Accurate human body profiles have many potential applications. Image-based human body profile estimation can be regarded as a fine-grained semantic segmentation problem, which is typically used to locate objects and boundaries in images. However, existing image segmentation methods, such as human parsing, require significant amounts of annotation and their datasets consider clothes as part of the human body profile. Therefore, the results they generate are not accurate when the human subject is dressed in loose-fitting clothing. In this paper, we created and labeled an under-the-clothes human body contour keypoint dataset; we utilized a convolutional neural network (CNN) to extract the contour keypoints, then combined them with a body profile database to generate under-the-clothes profiles. In order to improve the precision of keypoint detection, we propose a short-skip multi-scale dense (SMSD) block in the CNN to keep the details of the image and increase the information flow among different layers. Extensive experiments were conducted to show the effectiveness of our method. We demonstrate that our method achieved better results—especially when the person was dressed in loose-fitting clothes—than and competitive quantitative performance compared to state-of-the-art methods, while requiring less annotation effort. We also extended our method to the applications of 3D human model reconstruction and body size measurement.

Common clothing area factor estimation equations are inaccurate for highly insulating (Icl>2 clo) and non-western loose-fitting clothing ensembles.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the equations for calculating the clothing area factor (fcl) used in the standards based on data sets of clothing ensembles, that are meant to provide thermal comfort over a wide range of climatic conditions from hot summer days to extremely cold winter. Over 10 equations for fcl calculations were selected from the international standards and the literature. At first a theoretical comparison based on a range of insulation values was performed. Then the data sets were used to compare the equations and measurements on real clothing systems. Most of the fcl calculation equations do give reasonably good results for western type and industrial clothing with basic insulation (Icl) up to 1.5 clo. Above the Icl of 2 clo, the error in the calculations based on traditional equations increases considerably and they overestimate fcl. Some new equations were suggested for modern clothing systems. Oppositely, for non-western clothing (for hot climate), the available equations did give good match only for very light clothing sets and commonly underestimated the real fcl. For such sets and and fashion clothes their own equations maybe needed, that count for various design aspects, e.g. fit, draping etc.

Lower-body compression garments worn following exercise improves perceived recovery but not subsequent performance in basketball athletes

ABSTRACTThis study examined the effects of lower-body compression garments on perceived recovery and subsequent performance in basketball athletes. In a parallel-group design, 30 recreational, male basketball athletes were randomly allocated to either a control (CON, n = 15, loose-fitting clothing) or experimental group (COMP, n = 15, compression garments) for 15 h following fatigue-inducing, basketball-specific exercise in the evening (1600-1800 h). Perceptual measures of fatigue and muscle soreness, as well as physical performance tests (sprints, jumps and agility), were performed pre-exercise, post-exercise, and post-recovery (15 h following exercise). Subjective and objective measures of sleep were recorded following the exercise trial. There were non-significant (p > 0.05), unclear-trivial differences between groups for all performance measures. Perceived post-recovery fatigue (d = −1.27, large) and muscle soreness (d = −1.61, large) were significantly lower in COMP compared to CON (p < 0.05). COMP exhibited better perceived sleep quality (d = 0.42, small, p = 0.18) than CON, with an unclear difference in sleep duration between groups (p > 0.05). Wearing lower-body compression garments overnight improved perceived fatigue and muscle soreness, but had negligible effects on subsequent physical performance in basketball athletes. Future research should focus on longer periods of compression wear following fatiguing exercise.

Psychotherapy: Use in Persistent Anxiety and Depression.

Psychotherapy: Use in Persistent Anxiety and Depression.

3D interactive garment pattern-making technology

The traditional pattern-making process is very time-consuming and requires professional fashion design knowledge. In order to develop a form-fitting garment to meet customer’s individual needs, pattern makers must rely on a “trial and error” procedure until the customer is satisfied. In this paper, we proposed a “what you see is what you get” (WYSIWYG) way to efficiently develop garment patterns. First, a three-dimensional (3D) garment, using an extracted outline from a garment flat or figure, is modeled in a gravitational virtual environment. The modeled garment is then adjusted until it meets design requirements. Next, the adjusted 3D garment model is expanded by smoothing out the folds and wrinkles. Construction curves are drawn on the surface of the expanded 3D garment model according to design requirements. These curves divide the 3D garment model’s surface into many small 3D surfaces. Then, 2D garment patterns are obtained by unfolding these subdivided 3D surfaces. Finally, the flattened 2D patterns are stretched and shrank according to the fabric elasticity. The final patterns can be used for making real garments.Compared to the current 3D garment pattern-making methods, our proposed method is more robust and well-rounded; not only is the proposed approach versatile towards both tight-fitting and loose-fitting clothing, but also requires no prior knowledge of pattern-making from the user. It also involves garment ease allowance, fabric elasticity, and draping, three factors that had not been previously considered all at once during smart pattern-making procedures, in the designing process.

The laboratory investigation of the clothing microclimatic layers in accordance with the volume quantification and qualification

Some of the researches expressed connection between the numbers and size of the microclimatic air layers on thermal insulation of clothing. The insulation of the ensembles is much affected by the air enclosed between the clothing layers. In loose fitting clothing, they are less subjected to compression and thus add more to the overall thermal insulation. The heat and the moisture are released from the body into the microclimatic layers, subsequently changing properties of the entrapped air. The volume of the microclimatic air layers was investigated by the use of non-contact 3D CAD method. The temperature and humidity changes of microclimatic layers were also observed. This paper represents layer by layer quantification of the clothing ensemble volume with jackets as covering garment and the impact of the microclimatic volume on the clothing insulation. The three-level laboratory testing was performed with human subjects dressed in selected ensembles.

Pregnancy and Exercise Guidelines

Pregnancy and Exercise Guidelines

Pillion riders' cloth related injuries and helmet wearing patterns: a study of Lahore, Pakistan

This study aims at investigating the burden and pattern of clothing related pillion riders' injuries and their helmet wearing pattern in Lahore, Pakistan. Data were collected for nine months (July 2013 to March 2014), reporting 13,248 motorcycle related injuries, out of which 8751 (66%) cases were related to the clothing related pillion riders' injuries. Out of these injuries 10.30% were severe injuries which can be prevented or reduced by proper safety measure, e.g. wearing helmet. It was also found that most of the fatalities were not wearing helmet. Injuries due to wearing of loose fitting clothes and absence of helmet are not uncommon in Pakistan and other underdeveloped parts of the world. Such accidents may be reduced by creating awareness and safety sense in the riders, where use of safe dress and helmet should be encouraged in order to avoid such fatal damages.

Equestrian perniosis: A case report and review of the literature

Equestrian perniosis is a rare form of perniosis that is predominantly seen in young female equestrians who ride in cold temperatures. Tight fitting clothing, age under 35 years, and smoking can contribute to the disease manifestation. The diagnosis can be determined from a thorough history and physical examination. However, a biopsy can be taken to confirm the diagnosis. Although many cases are self-limiting and resolve within a few days to weeks of diagnosis, nifedipinie can be considered as a therapeutic measure for persistent cases. Measures such as wearing loose fitting clothing and horseback riding in warmer temperatures and for shorter time periods can prevent recurrence.

Clothing-related motorcycle injuries in Pakistan: findings from a surveillance study

This study aims to assess the burden and patterns of clothing-related motorcycle injuries in Karachi, Pakistan. Data were extracted from an ongoing traffic injury surveillance system. In three years (2007–2009), out of 99155 road traffic injury cases there were 986 (0.9%) cases of clothing-related motorcycle injuries. Most cases were females (73.9%) and pillion riders (80.6%). The crashes involving clothing-related injuries were mostly single vehicle (98.5%), and largely resulted in injuries to the external body (60.3%), limbs (51.0%), head (41.5%) and face (35.9%). One-third of injuries were either moderate (26.7%) or severe (10.2%) while 10 (1.01%) deaths were reported. Female gender (11.4%), age ≥ 45 years (19.4%), pillion riding (11.3%) and crashes occurring at intersections (12.3%) were more likely to result in moderate or severe injury as compared to other users (P < 0.001). Injuries due to entanglement of loose fitting clothing in motorcycles are not uncommon in Karachi. Awareness campaigns for prevention of such injuries may involve promotion of appropriate dressing for motorcycle riding including close wrapping of clothes and encouraging installations of covers on the rear wheels and drive chains.

MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS AND THE IRANIAN REVOLUTION

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a complex neurological disorder most likely caused by gene–environment interactions. There is a latitudinal gradient of MS prevalence and vitamin D deficiency has been strongly implicated...

Traumatic urethrocutaneous fistula: Case report and literature review

Penile injury is fortunately fairly uncommon as it represents only about 1% to 1.6% of all trauma cases. Severe penile trauma may be complicated by urethrocutaneous fistula. A 22 year old male patient presented with urethrocutaneous fistula following severe crush injury of his penis from the rollers of a baking machine. He had penile fasciocutaneous flap urethroplasty with satisfactory outcome. Wearing loose fitting clothing while operating industrial machinery could lead to entrapment and severe genital injury.

The identification of individuals by observational gait analysis using closed circuit television footage

This study investigated the ability of individuals with experience in gait analysis to identify people by observing features of gait recorded by closed circuit television cameras (CCTV). Seven experienced analysts each viewed five samples of footage. Each sample showed a "target walker" and five "suspect walkers." The task of the experienced analysts was to determine which, if any, of the "suspect walkers" was the "target walker." All of the participant "walkers" wore identical loose fitting clothing to mask anatomical and body contour features, and balaclavas to obscure facial features. The overall results showed that the experienced analysts made a correct decision in 124 of 175 cases (71%), significantly better than would have been expected to have occurred by chance (p<0.05). A significant variation in correct decisions (p<0.05) was shown to occur between the various angles from which the footage was recorded, footage recorded in the saggital plane showing the highest number of correct decisions. Significantly more correct decisions (p<0.05) were also shown to occur when the footage of the "target walker" and that of the "suspect walker" were taken from the same angle. The results suggest that individuals with experience in gait analysis perform well in the comparative identification of suspects from CCTV footage, and therefore do have a role to play as expert witnesses in this field.

West Nile virus bites back

West Nile virus bites back

Self-Reported Physical Activity Improves Prediction of Body Fatness in Young Adults

To examine self-reported physical activity levels from the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) as an independent predictor of dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA)-measured percent body fat (%BF) from body mass index (BMI), gender, and race. Two hundred and seventy-eight students, aged 18-24 yr, volunteered to participate. There were 133 males (85 white and 48 black) and 145 females (77 white and 68 black). Total activity levels were quantified in MET hours per week (MET h wk(-1)) using the IPAQ short form. Height and weight were measured, and BMI values were calculated (kg m(-2)). %BF was assessed using DXA. Linear regression analysis was used to develop and compare a body fat prediction equation with (full) and without (reduced) the variable MET-h.wk. Both models included BMI, gender, and race as predictor variables. The prediction sum of squares (PRESS) statistic was used to cross-validate both models, and the individual predictive accuracy was compared using modified Bland-Altman plots. Mean +/- SD values were as follows: BMI = 24.4 +/- 4.1 kg m(-2), %BF = 24.5 +/- 9.3%, and MET h wk(-1) = 37.4 +/- 21.9. Gender, BMI, and race explained 81% of the variance in %BF, with a root mean square error (RMSE) of 4.07. The full model with MET-h.wk improved the prediction of %BF by 2% (R2 = 0.83, RMSE = 3.87). When cross-validated, the corresponding PRESS statistics for the reduced and full model were 4.10 and 3.90, respectively. Bland-Altman limits of agreement were greater for the reduced model compared with the full model (-8.09, 8.10 vs -7.67, 7.68). These results suggest that %BF can be predicted with greater precision and accuracy in a young adult population when MET-h.wk are included in addition to BMI, gender, and race.