Loop Of Inferior Alveolar Nerve Research Articles

Estimating the Prevalence and Variation in Anterior Loop of Inferior Alveolar Nerve with Cone-Beam Computed Tomography in North Indian Population: An In Vivo Study

Abstract Purpose The present in vivo study aimed to estimate the prevalence and variation in anterior loop of inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) in relation to mental foramen to assess the safe zone in anterior part of mandible for implant placement with cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in North Indian population. Materials and Methodology To conduct this study, 70 patients were selected and radiographically evaluated. All CBCT scans were made from Genoray Papaya 3D Plus. CBCTs were evaluated in CDSee software for anterior loop and height measurement anterior to mental foramen. Four parameters of prevalence of loop length and height anterior to mental foramen on right and left side each and four parameters of variation in loop length and height on right and left side each were recorded with the help of descriptive statistical analyses (mean, median, mode, and range) and paired t-test. Level of significance (p) was also calculated. Result Paired t-test value for comparison on both the right and left sides for loop length of IAN anterior to mental foramen was 0.140 and paired t-test value for loop height was 0.384. The p-values for loop length and height were 0.8891 and 0.7019, respectively. Conclusion Within the limitation of the study, it was observed that the anterior loop has a wide range of prevalence and variation in terms of loop length and loop height suggesting that it is difficult to get a defined measurement of loop length for a given population and surgical procedures cannot be performed based on the given data for IAN loop anatomy.

ROLE OF CBCT IN IMPLANT PLACEMENT IN MANDIBULAR PREMOLAR REGION

Implant placement has now become the lifeline of dentistry, but the most of the aspect of its treatment begins with the diagnosis of patients condition.Rehabilitating patients with dental implants require thorough evaluation of the implant site.All the vital structures need to be evaluated and a safe distance should be maintained while planning for implant like the nasal floor, maxillary sinus in maxillary region and mental foramen, inferior alveolar nerve and sublingual concavities in the mandible. The mandibular anterior inter-foraminal region was previously considered to be a safe region for surgical procedures of the mandible but now it has been realized that presence of anterior loop of inferior alveolar nerve make it an area that should be thoroughly evaluated. The selection of a suitable imaging modality along with the judgment of the expert clinician about the clinical situation aids in the treatment planning. Previously clinicians were relying on 2-dimensional imaging techniques, which have now been replaced by CBCT, the most widely used tool for treatment planning of implant placement.

Assessment of Anterior Loop of Inferior Alveolar Nerve – A Cone Beam Computed Tomography Study

Introduction: The anterior loop (AL) of the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) and the mental foramen (MF) are important anatomical structures that should be taken into consideration during preoperative planning in the anterior mandibular region. This study aims to assess the prevalence, length, and type of the AL of the IAN in males and females in a South Indian population. Additionally, the distance from the MF to the lower border of the mandible is assessed. Materials and Methods: A total of 115 cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans of 230 sides of mandibles were taken using a Carestream Select CS9300 CBCT machine (Carestream Dental LLC, Atlanta, USA). The scans were selected from archives and divided into three different age groups (<40, 41–60, >61 years). The scans were analyzed to detect the canal of the AL of the inferior alveolar nerve canal (IANC). The IANC, along with the AL canal and part of the incisive nerve canal, was traced using the CS 9300 software. The length of the mandibular nerve was measured for each patient in cross-sectional and panoramic views. Results: The AL was present in 92.6% of the 115 participants. Overall anterior loop length ranged between 0.9 and 15.2 mm. The mean length of AL in panoramic view on the right side was 3.284 ± 2.314 mm and it was 3.015 ± 2151 mm on the left side. Y-shaped AL was more predominant when compared to T-shaped AL in the sample. Conclusion: The prevalence of AL was relatively higher in subjects ranging from 41 to 60 years with a slight increase in female predominance.

Assessment of Anterior Loop of Inferior Alveolar Nerve and Its Anatomic Variations with Age, Gender, and Dentition Status in Indian Population: A CBCT Study.

Background The posterior region of the mandible is more often related to iatrogenic errors, but the interforaminal region is also not spared for neurovascular complications. This study aimed to use CBCT images to evaluate the prevalence of anterior nerve looping and its variations with age, gender, and dentition status. Methods This retrospective study was carried out by studying 600 CBCT scans retrieved from archival records of a CBCT center in Lucknow. The scans were inspected by two trained investigators. The length of the anterior loop was measured using the measuring tool of Carestream 3D imaging software. Descriptive and analytical tests were performed. Results The prevalence of the anterior loop of the inferior alveolar nerve was found to be 56%. The prevalence was found to be more on the right side (29.0%) compared to the left side (27.0%). The most common anterior looping of the inferior alveolar nerve was type 3 followed by type 1. Males were found to have significantly higher loops compared to females. The number of loops was found to decrease significantly with age. The mean length of the loop was found to vary from 1.14 to 1.61 mm. Conclusion The anterior looping of IAN is very much prevalent in the Lucknow population. The use of the CBCT technique and appropriate preplanning prior to surgery or implant placement should be performed to prevent nerve injury.

Prevalence and Length of Anterior Loop of Inferior Alveolar Nerve

Background: Interforaminal region of mandible is often related to neurovascular complications during surgical procedures such as implant placement and during harvesting bone graft. This is due to anatomic variations such as the anterior looping of inferior alveolar nerve and the lingual vessels. Cone Beam Computed tomography (CBCT) is an imaging modality with which such anatomical variants can be visualized and necessary modifications can be made during pre – surgical phase of implant placement. This study aims at identifying the prevalence and the length of anterior loop of inferior alveolar nerve using CBCT. Materials and Method: 50 patients scanned using Sirona Orthophos XG device for the purpose of implant placement were included in this retrospective study. Using the device’s software, the inferior alveolar nerve was traced and marked in each included CBCT volume. The length of the anterior loop was measured with AutoCAD 2018 software using the reconstructed 3D model of the scan. Results: Of the 50 selected CBCT volumes, 33 volumes had anterior looping of inferior alveolar nerve. The mean length of the loop observed in the selected patients was 0.42 ± 0.40 mm on the left side and 0.42 ± 0.31 mm on the right side. For males, the mean length of the loop was 0.42 mm on the left side and 0.42 mm on the right side. For females, the mean length was 0.40mm on the left side and 0.45mm on the right side. Conclusion: The anterior loop of inferior alveolar nerve is quite common in south Indian population. The looping has to be assessed before implant placement in the anterior mandibular region so as to identify and prevent neurovascular complications.

Efficacy and evaluation of cone beam computed tomography in determining the prevalence and length of anterior loop of inferior alveolar nerve in North Indian population

Introduction: The section of the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) in front of the mental foramen and just before its ramification to the incisive nerve is known as anterior loop (AL) of IAN. Surgeries in the area of the anterior mandible may violate the AL resulting in neurosensory disturbances. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) is a new imaging modality that provides a multidimensional view of the facial skeleton. Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of CBCT in measuring the anterior looping of IAN. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of AL of IAN using CBCT, and to determine AL length using CBCT. Materials and Methods: Out of the total 1075 reported patients, 193 study participants fulfilling the inclusion criteria constituted the sample size were assessed for estimating the prevalence and determining the length of AL of IAN. They were scanned with a suitable digital imaging system for a variety of clinical indications using appropriate Dental Imaging Software. Results: The prevalence of anterior looping was found to be 37.3% and was highest (43.5%) in the age group of 36–56 years and was found to be statistically significant. The mean length of anterior looping was found to be 3.661 mm (SD ± 1.9933) with a maximum loop length of 8.8 mm. Conclusion: CBCT provides an accurate means to determine the anterior looping of IAN, measures its length, and thereby, helps in preoperative surgical planning.