Longtime Professor Research Articles

Hermeneutic Modalities in the Exegesis and Theology of Petr Pokorný

Petr Pokorný (1933-2020) was a long-time professor of New Testament at the Evangelical Theological Faculty of Charles University in Prague. He authored a number of books and studies in which he dealt directly and indirectly with hermeneutical issues important for the proper understanding and reliable interpretation of the biblical text. In 2005, in collaboration with 12 other authors, he published a kind of hermeneutical compendium, or rather a modality of the hermeneutical approach to Scripture, entitled Hermeneutics as a Theory of Understanding from Basic Questions of Language to the Interpretation of the Bible (508 pages). Part of Pokorný's Hermeneutics (pp. 17-215) was published in 2011 in the English translation Hermeneutics as a Theory of Understanding. Pokorný did not intend to present the traditional history of hermeneutics or to create a foundational theoretical work. As he notes, he was initially inspired by Paul Ricoeur and his hermeneutical practice, but developed his own stance based on his own understanding of the problems of interpreting Scripture and his critical reflections. He admits that he does not address some of the issues of hermeneutics and that there are several ways to process the material of hermeneutics. Therefore, his work can be considered as hermeneutic modalities rather than a finished compact hermeneutic work. Nevertheless, in Professor Pokorný we can read a lot of useful and rich material from different areas of hermeneutics, such as: Language as a coding system, symbol and metaphor, text between tradition and future, reader and text, genre, various methods of interpretation, strangeness and attractiveness of texts, history and revelation, revelation and testimony, etc. Based on this hermeneutical set and other exegetical works, the reviewer attempts to highlight these modalities and provide a definable picture of Pokorný hermeneutical approaches and procedures.

Paul Bishop: recalling an academic life

ABSTRACT The rationale for this theme section of the journal on Paul Bishop, eminent physical geographer, earth scientist and researcher of human-environment relations, is explained. Paul Bishop (1949–2022), a long-time Professor of Geography at the University of Glasgow, was – indeed, still very much is – a major figure at the cutting-edge of research, scholarship, education and applications in the fields indicated. His academic work has been global in its focus – spanning four continents (Africa, Asia, Australia, and Europe), including a substantial body of inquiries centred in Scotland – and has encompassed the time-spans of planetary history (and the geotectonics of long-term landscape change), human history (and the dynamics of environmental influence on human settlement, resource use and cultural practice) and human life-spans (including the histories and heritages of locality). Paul died, too soon, early in 2022. An event to commemorate his academic life and work was held in September 2022, and several contributions to that event have now been written through in substantially revised form for the present theme section. The current piece introduces this theme section, providing a sketch of Paul’s biography, including notes on his time in Glasgow, and cross-referencing with the articles that follow. Appended is also a near-comprehensive bibliography of Paul’s published outputs.

Stephen Neill: A Colonial Scholar in an Independent Kenya (1969–1973)

This article focuses on Bishop Stephen Neill’s years (1969–1973) as the founding chairman of the Department of Philosophy and Religious Studies at the University of Nairobi. While he succeeded in his goal of establishing a fine academic program, almost nobody lamented his departure. While chiefly about Neill, the article touches upon larger issues related to Anglicanism and colonialism in a newly independent Kenya. It features a summary of interviews with Professor Jesse Mugambi, a longtime professor at the university, who worked with Neill during this era. It also includes a brief assessment of Neill’s time in Nairobi from the missionary-demographer David Barrett. A shorter version of this article was given in January 2023 to the American Society of Church History.

The Research Activity of Rev. Prof. Remigiusz Sobański in the Field of Substantive Canon Law

Remigiusz Sobański (1930–2010), a long-time professor at the Faculty of Canon Law of the Academy of Catholic Theology in Warsaw, and then at Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University in Warsaw. Although his research focused mainly on the theory of canon law, he also published several dozen works in the field of canonical matrimonial law. These works cover four main research areas: marriage law (general rules), marriage consent, form of marriage, mixed marriages. Moreover, as a judicial vicar, he prepared and published several dozen sentences in the cases of nullitatis matrimonii.

Шлях історика (до 90-ліття Миколи Крикуна)

The article examines and analyzes the life and work of the famous Ukrainian historian, longtime professor of Ivan Franko National University of Lviv Mykola Hryhorovych Krykun, whose life came during the difficult times of the Soviet totalitarian regime, wars and the formation of independent Ukrainian statehood. For 60 years he tried to discover and study little-known documents on the history of Ukrainian lands of the early modern period (XVI–XVIII centuries), to restore the scientific, cleansed of hostile falsifications image of Ukrainian society, to enrich scientific and historical knowledge of Ukrainians. Numerous publications of documents, monographs, textbooks, articles and essays published by him in Ukraine and other countries, became a significant contribution to the scientific picture of the past of Ukraine and its people, raising to a new scientific and theoretical level of modern Ukrainian historiography, restoration of the historical memory of modern Ukrainians. The achievements of the scientist in the field of population study, historical geography, source studies, the history of the Cossacks of the Ukrainian lands and the entire Central and Eastern region of Europe are firmly entrenched in modern historiography. Numerous historians, trained with his participation in the university for many years, work and carry knowledge in many parts of modern Ukraine. Mykola Krykun does not stop the creative work of the researcher of the past in the current conditions of the struggle for the strengthening of independent Ukraine.

As Long as Trees Take Root in the Earth by Alain Mabanckou

Reviewed by: As Long as Trees Take Root in the Earth by Alain Mabanckou Kurt Heinzelman Alain Mabanckou As Long as Trees Take Root in the Earth Trans. Nancy Naomi Carlson. London. Seagull Books. 2021. 124 pages. ALAIN MABANCKOU, a native of the Congo and a longtime professor at UCLA, is one of the world's leading francophone authors. If you're the author of a novel (Verre cassée/Broken Glass) that The Guardian has called one of the best one hundred novels of the century, it may be difficult to be taken as seriously as a poet. And yet Mabanckou has also been publishing books of poems since 1993 (see WLT, Sept. 2016, 67). The present edition includes two of his most recent volumes, the first and only translation of any complete poetry books to be published in English. I, for one, am grateful, and I imagine others will be also. Mabanckou seems to be a poet of two dimensions. I do not mean that he is two-dimensional, only that his poetic practice has both a polemical aspect, which engages the politics of the poetry world, and a more personal but still outward-looking aspect regarding his own relationship with the African homeland he left, first to study in France and then to teach in the US. "The space of a length of time / fits on a tenuous thread," he writes, and that "thread" applies not only to his own life but to the geophysical life of the planet. To put it another way, his polemical task is to save the kind of poetry that he favors, which is francophone and African, from being "killed" (his word); his other labor is to recognize and preserve the "silent intonations of nature": in this practice, his is an ecopoetics. The question is how these two concerns are related. What is killing poetry, Mabanckou argues in his "Open Letter" (included in the present volume), is the stranglehold Parisian publishing has on poetry production because of its single-minded support of old-fashioned formalisms involving meter, rhyme, and subject matter. He names names and points fingers, and at the end of the day his claims are succinct: (a) that francophone poetic practice may be a new source of imaginative energy for French verse, and (b) that contemporary poets have much to learn from prose fiction, especially by investing more in narrative practices. In this, although he does not use the reference, he recalls Cesare Pavese's advocacy of poesia-racconto, the idea of "poem-stories." One recurring tension in Mabanckou's lyrics is between what he calls "the birth record of borders" and the need to leave those borders, as he himself has done, and fashion new stories. Mabanckou profoundly sees himself as a native son; indeed, the two volumes here could easily be called "Notes of a Native Son." It is important to remember, however, that the "borders" of his native land have changed dramatically even before and into his own lifetime, moving from colonialism to civil war, and yet "I remember / our tight family ties / our entangled roots / our family tree / a succession of glorious ancestors." The poet will risk discursiveness here, and a rather shopworn tree metaphor, so as to emphasize the idea of "succession." You may leave that place for a host of reasons; returning, though, is not just desirable but necessary: "who can resent the migratory bird / for rising above its nest // don't change your name / don't change your branch // remain human until the end / as long as trees take root / in the earth." That last clause furnishes a refrain to both these books, but the mention of what is "human" and the glancing reference to "the end" turns this from a local meditation to a more cosmic one, summoning the whole anthropocene hubris. The crisis is that the local is the cosmic. There is no "other world," one poem asserts, adding that "freedom is on this side," the English phrase recalling not spatial separations so much as political and martial ones, being on one side or another of a debate or conflict. The poem concludes: "the other world is the last of utopias...

Cohen’s Comprehensive Thoracic Anesthesia

Cohen’s Comprehensive Thoracic Anesthesia

Náčrt teológie sviatostí podľa Ph. J. Rosata, jej aktuálnosť a inšpiratívny potenciál pre súčasný ekleziálny kontext

The year 2021 brought several reasons to remember the Rev. Philip J. Rosato, a Jesuit priest and longtime professor of sacramental theology at the Pontifical Gregorian University in Rome (1979-2004). The particular occasion was the tenth anniversary of his death (July 20, 2011) and the eightieth anniversary of his birth (July 7, 1941). The biographical dates also include thirty years since the publication of his most widely read work: An Introduction to the Theology of the Sacraments (Introduzione alla teologia dei sacramenti, 1992). The pastoral visit of Pope Francis to Slovakia (12.9.-15.9.2021) offered an additional reason to remember him. His words on the vocation of Christians not to hoard bread but to share it strikingly recall the essence of Rosatos’ sacramental doctrine. It is the thesis that the foundation of Christian orthopraxis lies in the sacramental liturgy, which is a pneumatic recollection and re-presentation of Jesus‘ prophetic gestures (gestures in favor of justice and gestures of self-giving culminated on Calvary) into which the faithful are grafted. At the same time, they are encouraged by sacramental grace to live in conformity with the ethical dimension of the gesture, walking toward the full realization of the Father‘s kingdom. Rosato‘s sacramental theology, emphasizing the ethical dimension of sacramental grace, was formulated in response to the ongoing sacramental crisis of the Western Church. If the focus of Pope‘s messages are diverse variations on the theme of active protagonism of justice, hope, compassion, reconciliation, solidarity, fidelity, or service that spring from the contemplation of the cross - the founding principle of all the sacraments of the Church and their efficacy - then the theological concept of sacramentality by Ph. J. Rosato receives from his fellow Jesuit a certain implicit recognition. The study is divided into three parts (anamnestic, indicative-explanatory and prognostic); its purpose is to recall the personality of Ph. J. Rosato, his theology and the interpretation of the focal points of his sacramental theology, as well as a prognostic outline of the significance of an ethically designed sacramental theology for the Church in the time of the new evangelization and pastoral conversion.

Transcribing Greece, Arranging France: Bourgault-Ducoudray’s Performances of Authenticity and Innovation

Louis-Albert Bourgault-Ducoudray (1840–1910), composer, folklorist, and long-time professor of music history at the Paris Conservatoire, dedicated intense energies to the propagation of ancient Greek modes as a modern resource for French composition. Instigated by his 1875 folk-song collection mission in Greece and Anatolia, Bourgault-Ducoudray’s attraction to Greek modes was bolstered by ideological commitments to Aryanism (nourished by his relationship and correspondence with philologist Émile Burnouf), and further reinforced by his observation of “Greek modes” in Russian and Breton folk song. This article examines how Bourgault-Ducoudray translated his quasi-philological analyses into an artistic agenda through techniques of transcription, arrangement, and composition. Beginning with a close reading of his important collection, Trente mélodies populaires de Grèce et d’Orient (1876), a continuity is established between his transcriptive and compositional practices, with particular attention paid to Bourgault-Ducoudray’s performances of authenticity through calibrated scientific and artistic rhetoric. I then turn to the reception of Bourgault-Ducoudray’s collection by two composers—Alfred Bruneau and Camille Saint-Saëns—who rearranged his Greek songs in different contexts. Treating the songs with remarkable plasticity, they appropriated Bourgault-Ducoudray’s authority to enhance representations of “oriental” and “ancient” worlds, negotiating a balance between scholarly research and artistic integrity. The article concludes by returning to Bourgault-Ducoudray’s work in the 1880s—a period during which the musical and ideological ambitions of his song arrangements were magnified to an operatic scale—culminating in a rereading of his Thamara (1891) in light of his ethnic nationalism.

From Nazi victim to honored scientist: The two lives of Jewish anatomist Harry Sicher (1889–1974)

Harry Sicher (1889–1974), longtime professor at Loyola University Chicago, went down in medical history as a pioneering figure in the area of oral anatomy. His groundbreaking textbook “Oral Anatomy” (1949) was published in numerous languages and editions, becoming the most widely read standard work in its area internationally. This was also true for various other works Sicher authored: orthodontists sought his knowledge about cranial and facial growth, oral surgeons used his pioneering work on anatomy for practicing dental block anesthesia, and his work “Bone and Bones” was read by surgeons and orthopedists. By the end of his life, Sicher had accumulated an array of high-profile awards and honors that brought him a great deal of posthumous fame.One aspect of Sicher’s life that remains largely unknown is that the Vienna native was forced to flee the National Socialist regime on account of his Jewish ancestry, which took him to the United States via England. The present article investigates this facet of his life: What were the factors behind Sicher’s forced migration? How did this process unfold? Which factors were decisive for allowing him to develop an illustrious career in the United States despite facing adverse conditions?We approach these questions on the basis of comprehensive archival sources and contemporary printed material. What comes to light is that Sicher was forced to overcome significant setbacks before starting anew in the United States. This included his dismissal from the University of Vienna and subsequent dispossession in 1938, a failed attempt to find a position after settling in England in 1938/39, and the painful loss of his mother, who was deported to the Treblinka extermination camp in 1942.After assuming a new position at Loyola University in 1942, Sicher’s career in anatomy started an upward path of ever-increasing success. Four factors proved to be decisive in this development: Sicher’s strong motivation to learn, his exceptional teaching skills, the unique qualities of his research, and the dense academic network that he was able to connect with, which included other representatives of the “Vienna School”.

University Professor Emeritus Dr. Otmar M. Pachinger, MD, FESC, FIHA, FICA (1944–2019)

University Professor Dr. Otmar M. Pachinger, MD, FESC, FIHA, FICA, a loving husband to Carolyn, a father, and a grandfather, passed away on October 7, 2019, after a brief illness. He was an Austrian pioneer of invasive coronary intervention and a long-time professor of cardiology at the Medical University of Innsbruck and the Tyrol Clinics.

Lo Spirito Santo "anima" del Corpo Mistico: Radici storiche ed esempi scelti dell'ecclesiologia pneumatologica contemporanea by João Paulo de Mendonça Dantas

Reviewed by: Lo Spirito Santo "anima" del Corpo Mistico: Radici storiche ed esempi scelti dell'ecclesiologia pneumatologica contemporanea by João Paulo de Mendonça Dantas John Nepil Lo Spirito Santo "anima" del Corpo Mistico: Radici storiche ed esempi scelti dell'ecclesiologia pneumatologica contemporanea by João Paulo de Mendonça Dantas ( Lugano, CH: Eupress FTL, 2017), 607 pp. The title quotation of de Mendonça's The Holy Spirit, "Soul" of the Mystical Body is our first indication that complexity is afoot. Augustine's Sermon 267, given on the feast of Pentecost, is the first appearance of the perennial axiom "the Holy Spirit, soul of the Church." Along with the "complementary analogy" of the Church as "temple of the Spirit," the expression recalls both the Church's mysterious Trinitarian origins and how the Spirit continues its work of "unifying and vivifying" (528, 521). Nonetheless, the axiom must be distinguished, as a divine person does not (strictly speaking) inform the created reality of the Church. De Mendonça's work takes up this question, by first studying the axiom's historical roots and then reviewing selected examples from the last century. The Brazilian-born author completed his dissertation in Lugano, Switzerland, under Manfred Hauke in 2009. While his research enabled him to engage the Christological dimension of ecclesiology, he was only able to "touch on pneumatology" (9). Thus for his Abilitazione (Habilitationsschrift), he heeded the call of John Paul II to "breathe with both lungs" and undertook the present work of pneumatological ecclesiology (9). The 607-page Italian work is truly exhaustive, though intermittently repetitive. It consists of four chapters: biblical foundations, historical-theological development, seven contemporary authors, and lastly, de Mendonça's own systematic observations. The expression "Holy Spirit, soul of the Church" is not explicitly scriptural, but does have biblical "foundations" (545). After reviewing a series of Old and New Testament passages, de Mendonça concludes that the image of the Holy Spirit as the soul of the Church is principally based in the somatic ecclesiology of Paul (128). He then turns to the historical development of the axiom, explaining that, long before Augustine, Irenaeus and others had already begun to theorize between the Spirit's presence and activity in the Church and that of the soul of a body. Along this same line, Origen first concluded Christ to be the soul of the Church. But the medieval tradition appropriates Augustine's formulation, most especially in the writings of Thomas Aquinas. Here we find the axiom both qualified and complemented; qualified by the refined Aristotelian understanding of soul (i.e., principle of unity), and complemented metaphorically with the Spirit as heart and personality of the Church. The axiom declined following Robert Bellarmine until it was featured [End Page 716] in the nineteenth-century ecclesiological renewal of Johann Adam Möhler and Matthias Joseph Scheeben. These two men helped lay the foundations for the ecclesiology of the mystical body, one that provided a conducive framework for the expression. Magisterial appearances then followed; first in the encyclicals of Leo XIII (Divinum Illud Munus [1897], §1309) and Pius XII (Mystici Corporis [1943], §§205–6), and followed thereafter by the Second Vatican Council's Lumen Gentium, §7, and the Catechism of the Catholic Church, §797. The second half of the volume features seven twentieth-century authors: Heribert Mühlen, Charles Journet, Yves Congar, Hans Urs von Balthasar, Joseph Ratzinger, Leonardo Boff, and Leo Scheffczyk. The final author, though perhaps the least-known, is one worthy of attention. Scheffczyk, a seminary friend of Ratzinger and long-time professor in Munich, continues to gain attention in Italy; one hopes that his writings will soon be accessible to the English-speaking world. De Mendonça's selection of contemporary authors is indeed striking. Mühlen and Boff, along with the late Congar, strongly highlight the pneumatological dimension of the Church, to the detriment of the Christological (503). Journet, von Balthasar, Ratzinger, and Scheffczyk, as well as the early Congar, continue the more traditional Christological emphasis, to the detriment of the pneumatological (503). The proper balance lies in the right relationship of these two dimensions: for within the Church, the action of the Holy...

Gaston Mialaret. Ostatni animator idei Nowego Wychowania

The article presents the activities and selected views of the French educationalist Gaston Mialaret on the centenary of his birthday. He was a long-time professor at Faculté des Lettres et Sciences Humaines at the University of Caen. He combined the taste for empirical research with interest in philosophy. He continued and enriched the concepts of the New Education, especially the lasting importance of simultaneous research on the subsequent stages of child development and the implementation of education based on the assumptions of development pedagogy. He developed proposals for progressive educational reform presented in 1947 in the project “Le plan Langevin-Wallon”. On the background of the analysis of the changing role of education in the contemporary world, Mialaret showed the changing role of pedagogical studies and especially the new role of the teacher as an animator of educational acts and situations. The article emphasises the basic, in Mialaret’s opinion, the importance of the socalled active methods enabling the enrichment of personality at all levels of education and the development of the educational, intellectual, civic and cultural potential of each student.

David Ndetei: bridging the treatment gap on a shoestring

Kenya's ratio of one psychiatrist for every 500 000 people is actually the most favourable of any sub-Saharan African nation, with the exception of South Africa. “This ratio has been the same for the past 20 years, despite all efforts to train more psychiatrists, and it's unlikely to change much in the next 10 years”, says Professor David Ndetei, the Founding Director of the Africa Mental Health Foundation (AMHF), a non-governmental organisation based in Nairobi. “For the foreseeable future, attempts to match patient-to-psychiatrist ratios to high-income countries would be delusional”, adds Ndetei, a long-time Professor of Psychiatry at the University of Nairobi, from where he received not only his Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery, but also his Doctor of Medicine and Doctor of Science degrees.

Invisible pictures

Abstract In September 2016 the special collections library that preserves historical American illustration at Washington University in St. Louis, USA, was named after D. B. Dowd. A longtime professor in the university’s Sam Fox School of Design & Visual Arts, Dowd is a tireless advocate for the preservation and study of popular print culture and was instrumental in the establishment of this library in 2007. The D. B. Dowd Modern Graphic History Library (DMGHL) is a repository of printed and original illustration and of several prominent illustrators’ estates, including those of the legendary Al Parker and Robert Weaver. The DMGHL is also a study centre open to students, scholars and the public, and a leader in illustration studies and research. The Journal of Illustration is pleased to print verbatim Dowd’s speech given on the occasion of the naming. – ed.

Briefs / Feuilletons

Briefs / Feuilletons Jürgen Diet, Massimo Salcito, and Mary Black Junttonen, Columbia University Libraries’ Rare Book & Manuscript Library (RBML) has acquired the archive of “Radio Unnameable’s” host Bob Fass. The archive contains an extensive collection of radio broadcasts, original photographs, and personal correspondence that showcases the impact and ingenuity of Fass’s work in the 1960s and ‘70s. First aired in 1963 on New York’s WBAI, “Radio Unnameable” was a groundbreaking departure in format and philosophy from traditional radio programs: Fass connected ordinary callers with each other as well as with studio guests—cultural icons of the era including Allen Ginsberg, Bob Dylan, Timothy Leary, the Grateful Dead, and Hunter S. Thompson—in an unscripted fashion that anticipated contemporary social media. Fass earned a reputation as “the midwife at the birth of the counterculture” for his commentary on the culture and turbulent politics of the 1960s and for live coverage of such landmark events as the 1968 Democratic National Convention, the Columbia University student protests, and the Tompkins Square Riots. Highlights from the 600,000 minutes of broadcast footage include interviews with Abbie Hoffman, as well as performances by and in-studio visits with Bob Dylan, Jerry Jeff Walker, and Arlo Guthrie. The recordings are relics of an era of widespread change in America, offering unique, in-depth, and unfiltered insight into the ‘60s and ‘70s. Fass’s broadcasts speak to a wide range of scholarly interests, from the relationship between music, art, and activism, to how the counterculture of the ‘60s began to fragment in the face of the identity politics of the ‘70s and ‘80s. Baldwin Wallace University (BW) is proud to announce the acquisition of the private collection of Broadway legend Jack Lee. A BW alumnus from the class of 1951, Jack Lee was among the most prominent conductors and music directors on Broadway. In his long career, Jack worked with such renowned creators as Kander & Ebb, Alan Lerner, and Stephen Sondheim. He led dozens of Broadway and touring productions, including Sweet Charity with Gwen Verdon and Chita Rivera, Peter Pan with Sandy Duncan, and My Fair Lady with Richard Chamberlain. Jack was also dedicated to teaching and was a long-time professor and music director at New York University’s Tisch School of the Arts. Over the years, Jack amassed a substantial collection of books, scores, scripts, and other materials, which he willed to his alma mater upon his passing in March 2016. Baldwin Wallace received the collection in April, and the library staff has been working to identify and categorise the materials. Of special interest are unique materials used for performances in Cleveland and on Broadway. These scores include many annotations in various hands regarding music, texts, and staging. The collection also includes what may be the largest compilation of sheet music (and sheet music covers) dedicated to or associated with Madame Lucia Vestris of London stage fame. Currently housed in the archives of Ritter Library, the collection will eventually be located in a dedicated space in the BW Conservatory of Music. Interested parties should contact University Archivist Keith Peppers (kpeppers@bw.edu) or music librarian Paul Cary (pcary@bw.edu). A Protocol between the Istituto Centrale per il Catalogo Unico (ICCU), IAMLItalia and RISM has been signed. The partners agree to collaborate, through a working group, whose charge is as follows: [End Page 68] • to recognise the importance of their institutional roles in light of the aims of international research about music resources in order to improve worldwide access to updated information about Italian libraries and the resources they preserve; • to exchange knowledge and data about music resources; • consequently, to improve the respective catalogues and their services to users with specific projects which may include: ○ selecting and importing into the SBN catalogue records concerning resources preserved in Italian libraries that are currently available only in the RISM card and electronic catalogues; ○ making bibliographic and authority records that are only in SBN searchable and indexed through the online catalogue of RISM; ○ identifying and solving the issue of duplicate bibliographic records that are in the SBN and RISM databases; ○ implementing searching and enabling rendering of music incipits in the OPAC SBN; ○ aligning, updating and...

Was Mokranjac the first Serbian ethnomusicologist?

The question posed in the title of this article stems from the widespread belief that on account of his work in collecting folk melodies for his Rukoveti (Rukoveti; Garlands), Stevan St. Mokranjac (Stevan St. Mokranjac) gained a place among Serbian ethnomusicologists; since ethnomusicology is still a young field in Serbia, the author puts even more emphasis on that belief by asking whether Mokranjac was Serbia's first "real" ethnomusicologist. After establishing clear criteria that define an ethnomusicologist as a scholar, including, above all, fieldwork, transcription, analysis, etc., and studying Mokranjac as well as other cultural workers (Vuk St. Karadžić and Vladimir Karić), as well as Mokranjac's successors (Vladimir Đorđević, Miloje Milojević, Miodrag A. Vasiljević, and D. Dević), the article concludes that the first Serbian ethnomusicologist was in fact Dr. Dragoslav Dević (Dragoslav Dević). This ethnomusicologist and long-time professor at the Music Academy (today the Faculty of Music) in Belgrade is a true example of a scholar-ethnomusicologist who engaged in multiple activities that, in addition to those mentioned above, also included the tonometry of the folk-music material he collected, as well as something that his predecessors lacked - paying due attention to the living context of that music, especially the rituals and customs. Furthermore, Dević paid ample attention to traditional music instruments, shedding light on many of them from the aspect of their main features and thus leaving valuable recordings of their existence and function in Serbian traditional music practice (works on the bagpipes, ocarina, cevara (cevara), rikalo (rikalo, shepherds' trumpet), as well as on various instrumental ensembles).

The Drunken Duchess of Vassar: Grace Harriet Macurdy, Pioneering Feminist Classical Scholar by Barbara McManus

376 BOOK REVIEWS dominant “organizing” feature of works characterized by the modern generic category of the miscellany. Analyzing recurrent metaphors for the genre— bouquets, meadows, etc.—Fitzgerald defends randomness and heterogeneity as the aesthetics of the miscellany, discussing Aullus Gellius’ Attic Nights, in addition to Martial’s collection of epigrams, Pliny’s Natural History, and even Horace’s Carmina in light of such an aesthetic. In this book, Fitzgerald has reveled in the riotous garden of Latin letters and their afterlife, offering his readers a learned and lively analysis of the many-sided effects of varietas as a thematic and generic concept. If a book on variety necessarily involves ragged edges, messily defying the neat and formal evolution of a single argument, Fitzgerald’s agile handling of his own various interpretive angles brings a crisp lucidity to a fascinating subject. LOWELL BOWDITCH University of Oregon, bowditch@uoregon.edu * * * * * The Drunken Duchess of Vassar: Grace Harriet Macurdy, Pioneering Feminist Classical Scholar. By BARBARA MCMANUS. Columbus: The Ohio State University Press, 2017. Pp. xxii + 281. Hardcover, $99.95. ISBN 978-0-81421327 -8. Grace Harriet Macurdy probably was never drunk in her life (she was a teetotaler) and far from a duchess (born in rural Maine in 1866 and growing up in working class family in Watertown, Massachusetts), but Barbara McManus’ title for her biography of this pioneering feminist Greek scholar and teacher captures Macurdy’s whimsy and spirit. A long-time professor at Vassar, Macurdy had a penchant for dresses of exquisite fabrics, jewelry and elaborate hats, as well as a slightly disheveled and absent-minded demeanor (4). The young women she taught affectionately called her “the Drunken Duchess” or “the Mad Queen,” which perhaps more than anything shows the splash that Macurdy made for years on Vassar’s campus. Yet, McManus’ biography is not some sort of biographical Goodbye, Mr. Chips. Macurdy’s life deserves to be told for two reasons. First, her career offers an example of the challenges faced by classicists generally as colleges and universities transitioned from a classics-heavy curriculum in the late 19th century to one of increasing options in the 20th . Macurdy’s engagement with the pressures of declining enrollments, changes in college graduation requirements, competition between departments for bodies, and the struggle to maintain healthy Ancient Greek enrollments is likely to sound familiar to all. Second, and BOOK REVIEWS 377 more importantly, Macurdy wrangled with challenges that many of our students encounter today—and her grace, generosity and stamina are humbling and inspiring. Her story is one of a 1st generation college-goer who delays her own career advancement to support the education of her younger siblings, who commuted to Columbia from Poughkeepsie to complete her PhD while teaching a full course load, who struggled with a physical disability (profound hearing loss), and who, despite choosing not to marry (so that she might continue to work), ended up mothering and raising a niece and two nephews. And she published! Her early work on Greek tragedy built on her dissertation research, but throughout her career she eagerly pursued new fields of study, publishing on early Greek culture and religion (inspired by the work of her friend Jane Ellen Harrison), and two groundbreaking books on Hellenistic queens and vassal queens. McManus’ analysis of these latter two books illuminates how much feminist classical scholars of today owe Macurdy, because she was not just (ha!) a female classical scholar, but she chose in her mature years to focus her attention on the women of the classical world, arguing for their place as worthy topics of investigation in their own right. McManus carefully delineates how Macurdy took pains not to render the queens she researched as caricatures or subordinate figures, but looked at them as powerful agents who had to work within the social constraints of their times. To do justice to them she looked at information that others did not (e.g., coins, inscriptions), probing any course that might yield a fuller picture. McManus touts this work as revolutionary, and indeed it may have been an initial step toward the study of ancient women as a legitimate field of scholarship. In addition Macurdy left us 70-odd...

Southwest Airlines’ successful economistic, cost-leadership strategy examined in light of Paul Lawrence’s renewed Darwinian theory: An analysis

This paper examines the successful business strategy employed by Southwest Airlines with special respect to the recent theories of Paul Lawrence. Long-time professor of organizational behavior at Harvard Business School, Lawrence posited that Renewed Darwinian theory reflected four basic human drives: acquisition, defense, comprehension, and bonding. Given Michael Porter’s assessment of the distinctions between cost leadership and differentiation, my analysis reveals that Southwest succeeded in maintaining its competitive market niche for the air-travel industry by engaging in a strongly economistic, cost leadership strategy that primarily incorporated and prioritized aspects of the drives to acquire and defend. In doing so it displayed greater vision and operational effectiveness than its competitors (such as Continental Lite, for example).

Two-year colleges teach physics to widening range of students

Increasingly, partnerships ease the way to transfer to universities.Increasingly, partnerships ease the way to transfer to universities.